Mundus alter et idem: (An old world and a new)

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I

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

GEORGE BELL & SONS

LONDON : PORTUGAL ST., LIKCOLN's INN
CAMBRIDGE : DEIGHTON, BELL AND CO,
NEW york: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

bombay: a. h. wheeler and co.

JOSEPH HALL

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

(an old world and a new)
edited for school use

BY

H. J. ANDERSON, M.A.

INSPECTOn OF TRAINING COLLE6ES IN CAPE COLOMY
LATE CLASSICAL MASTER AT HILLIIEAD HIGH SCHOOL, GLASGOW

WITH THE ORIGINAL MAPS

LONDON

GEORGE BELL & SONS

1908

OXPORD : HORACE HART
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

o

<r

PREFACE

SoME ten years ago this book could scarcely have
hoped for a welcome. In the meantime matters have
moved rapidly. Science is insisting more strongly on
her claims, and the old type of classical training is
doomed to disappear. This is not a misfortune, but a
blessing in disguise. We have thrown aside much that
was merely the d^bris of pedantry. The old Latin
grammar, with its masses of rules and exceptions, has
practically vanished ; and no one will regret its dis-
appearance. So we are able to approach the literature
almost at once, and teachers are casting about in
every direction for easy and pleasant reading, with
which to introduce their pupils to the language.
Recently the Scotch Education Department called
attention to the dearth of such material, and suggested
that portions even of the Vulgate might be read in the
earliest stages. We believe that the present book will
be of value in the movement. It is not meant for the
very earliest stage of reading, but rather for the awk-
ward period which immediately precedes the reading of
difBcult authors. That Caesar at least is unsuitable at
this stage we are convinced ; he is too impersonal to
be interesting, unless he can be read rapidly. Much
less can a boy be expected so soon to appreciate the
perfect form of Livy or Horace ; he must first feel at
home in the language.

184273

vi PREFACE

But we can rely upon his sense of humour; and
Hairs satire is brimful of wit and humour ; even if it
were read slowly, interest would be maintained from
first page to last. It fully deserves the high opinion of
critics who would place it beside, if not above, those
other classics of the English Renaissance, More's
Utopia and Bacon's Nova Atlantis. If it is less known,
the reason is that it was never adequately translated
into English by its author or any one else. The Latin,
too, is excellent, much nearer to that of the best classical
period than Florus and other writers of the Roman
decadence whom we see pressed into the service. Not
that this is a matter of supreme importance. Latin
scholarship is like to be altogether emancipated soon
from the long-continued tyranny of the purist. It is
taking its true place as the handmaiden of History in
the deepest and most liberal sense. In the servile
imitation of a few authors men have forgotten that
there is a great Latin literature, extending for sixteen
hundred years after Cicero's time.

Yet, after all, our final goal is the appreciation of
the great writers of the best age. They are our most
sacred heritage from Rome. Only let us read them
for their own sake, and without thought of imitation ;
so we shall hesitate less to read all besides that is best
in the language or to make our pupils read it ; to them
the later writers might even at first appeal more ; and,
if they feel the fire of enthusiasm, we need have no fear
that the study of Latin literature will lose its place.
The writers of the Renaissance really knew Latin
literature in this fuller sense. They sought also, it is
true, to imitate the style of the best age, but it was
because they still (at least for a time) believed that

PREFACE vii

Latin would continue to be the literary language of
Europe. Since.then the national literatures have grown
to maturity (how much they have owed to the Classical
Renaissance, who can estimate ?), and we now think
rather of . Latin as the language which reveals to us
a great past and its great thinkers, whom men of a
later day would be insensate indeed to put from them.
For in that past alone can we free ourselves from the
narrowing bondage of the present.

Yet, hitherto, we have probably sought prematurely
to bring our pupils to the great classical authors, before
their perfection of form or their ideas could be intelli-
gible to them. Far better to begin with a book like the
present, which, while full of the classical spirit, yet,
from its subject, moves within the circle of familiar
ideas; for it is modern vices and foibles which Hall
attacks. We are fortunate, if we will but avail ourselves
of it, in having such a work, to form, as Lucian does in
Greek, a stepping-stone to the great classical authors.
And it is not merely a means to an end : it is itself
a literary masterpiece.

We would not suggest that the book should neces-
sarily be the main reading of a class, and there are
after all simple classical authors, small portions of
whom could well be read at the same time and might
even be made the ' core ' of careful reading, e. g. Pliny's
Letters in a selection. A page of the Mundus, read
fairly quickly by a master with a class, would be a
welcome relief, and— what is our main point— would
lead pupils unconsciously deeper into the language.
This being the purpose we have had in view, the
notes given are of the briefest. But there is a com-
plete vocabulary, and the index of proper names

viii PREFACE

attempts to explain all the ingenious names which
Hall has invented, drawing upon every language of
Europe. The text has been considerably curtaiied.
For this there are several reasons, which will be
evident to those who have read the complete work.
In particular several passages have been omitted whiich
might cause oifence to Roman Catholic readers.

/#6. 1908.

INTRODUCTION

WiTH all the details of Joseph HalFs life we are not
here concerned. The works by which he is best known
in the history of literature he had written before he was
thirty ; for the rest of his long life he was absorbed in
the work of the Church to whose service he had devoted
himself. Yet a brief account is desirable.

He was born in the year 1574, at Bristow Park, near
Ashby-de-la-Zouch. Educated at Emmanuel College,
Cambridge, where he made himself master of the whole
range of classical literature, he was for a time Professor
of Rhetoric in the University. Later he took holy
orders, and was advanced steadily through various stages
of Church preferment till, in 1641, he became Bishop of
Norwich. One of the most cultured men of his day,
his labours as a writer, especially in defence of his
Church, extended over a long period, and his coUected
works number from ten to twelve stout volumes. His
zeal against Roman Catholicism was intense ; yet he
sufifered most from the Puritans, by whom he was
persecuted and, for a short time, even imprisoned in
the Tower. At one time we find him in controversy
with Milton on the subject of Church Discipline.
About 1642 the revenues of his see were sequestrated,
and he passed the remainder of his life in comparative
poverty. As Warton says in his History of English
Poetry : ' From his infiexible and conscientious attach-
ment to the royal and episcopal cause, under Charles
the First, he sufi^ered, in his old age, the severities of

X INTRODUCTION

imprisonment and sequestration ; and he lived to see
his cathedral converted into a barrack, and his palace
into an alehouse. ... He died, and was obscurely
buried, without a memorial on his grave, in 1656,
and in his eighty-second year, at Heigham, a small
village near Norwich, where he had sought shelter
from the storms of usurpation and the intolerance of
Presbyterianism.'

Of his works, the six books of Satires, VirgiiiemiarufH
(Lat. virgidemia, a bundle of rods, and so a 'scourging*),
are well known.to all students of English literature.
The first three books, of Toothless Saiyrs, were pub-
lished in 1597, while Hall was still an undergraduate at
Emmanuel, the remaining three books, oi Byiing Satyrs,
foUowing in 1599. Neither book of satires (nor those of
Marlowe and Marston, published about the same time)
found favour with the Church, of which Hall was to
become later so distinguished an ornament ; they were
burnt pubHcly by order of Whitgift, Archbishop of
Canterbury.

In his prologue to the first book Hall makes a claim
to be regarded as the first English satirist: —

I first adventure, with foolhardy might,
To tread the steps of perilous despite :
I first adventure, follow me who list
And be the second English Satirist.

But Lodge had written his Fig for Momus in 1595,
two years before the appearance of the first three books
of Virgidemiarum, and Hall should have taken account
also of Wyat and Gascoigne and perhaps even of the
Vision of Piers the Ploughman. Yet in one sense his
claim is just. He was certainly the first to introduce
into England genuine satire of a moral and dignified type,

INTRODUCTION xi

after the ancient Latin model of Juvenal and Persius.
It is only gradually, however, that his satires have
obtained their right place in our classical poetry. They
and their author were severely attacked by Milton
(1642, in Apology for Sntectymnuus, &c.). Then for two
whole centuries they were almost forgotten, though
Pope and Gray were well aware of their merits. Of
the quality of his work we may give one specimen,
taken almost at random, from the end of the sixth
book : the poet-lover and his mistress : —

Another thinks her teeth might liken'd be ,

To two fair ranks of pales of ivory,

To fence in, sure, the wild beast of her tongue

From either going far or going wrong . . .

Her chin like Pindus or Parnassus* hill,

Where down descends th' o'erflowing stream, doth fill

The well of her fair mouth. Each hath his praise, .

Who would not but wed poets nowadays !

But our concern is mainly with the Mundus Alter
et Idem, of which Warton writes : ' With Hairs Satires
should be ranked his Mundus Alter et Idem, an in-
genious satirical fiction in prose, where, under a pre-
tended description of the Terra Australis, he forms
a pleasant invective against the characteristic vices of
various nations (especially England and Germany).
This piece was written about the year 1600, before he
had quitted the Classics for the (Christian) Fathers.'

On entering upon his study of Divinity, Hali seems
to have despised this sportive ebullition, and it is to
his friend William Knight, to whom he had entrusted
the MS., that we are indebted for its preservation
and publication. The book was first published in 1607,
at Hanau in Germany. Knight in a letter to the reader

xii INTRODUCTION

describes and justifies the course which he took. So
it was that the book appeared not in Hairs own name,
but under the pseudonym ' Mercurius Britannicus *.
It was often reprinted in the century which saw its
production, and later; and there is an interesting
tradition, which may well be true, that Swift himself
took some hints from its pages for the travels of the
immortal GuUiver. Translations too were attempted,
though all were inadequate. One was made by the
scholar John Healy during the author*s lifetime. Of his
version (there is a copy in the Bodleian Library at
Oxford) it*is said that it 'is not destitute of talent and
humour, but trenches too frequently on the confines of
ribaldry *. Another version (dated 1669), which is rather
an imitation than a translation of a part only (Bk. II,
Viraginia) of the Mundus is called : ' Psittacorum regio,
the* Land of Parrots or the She-Lands, with a descrip-
tion of other strange adjacent countries, in the
dominions of Prince de TAmour not hitherto found
in any geographical map. By one of the late most
reputed wits.* Lastly, a translation of a part of the
first book by Dr. William King (born 1663), a lawyer
with a turn for humorous writing, will be found in the
volume of Ideal Commonwealths in Morley's Universal
Library. For a long time this fragment was supposed
to be original. A Mr. Pratt, who first published a com-
plete edition of Bishop HalFs works, said that ' he had
once intended to give a translation of the Mundus Alter
et Idem ; but he found the original to require so much
delicacy in handhng and.so much originality in eluci-
dating, that he eventually abandoned the design '.

The book itself is introduced by an imaginary dia-
logue between the author and two friends, Beroaldus and

INTRODUCTION xiii

Drogius, They discuss the advantages of foreign travel,
a subject which Hall has treated also in an independent
work 'Quo vadisf — A just censure of travel, as it is
undertaken by the gentlemen of our nation *. - Beroaldus,
who has already travelled far and seen many lands,
expresses contempt of so-called travel. For, he says,
* Si limen patrium transire, terram tuae proximam cal-
care, fretum aliquod angustius aut flumen (ut Twedam,
Rhenumve) transnavigare, hoc sibi nomen, ut vulgo
fieri solet, adsciscat : cum tamen eodem caelo, iisdem
fruaris sideribus, vixque mutatam soli faciem animad-
vertas, non video quid in se durum aut quid nobile
cqmplectatur.' Far better if they sailed away to distant
seas to ..discover, as Columbus had done, new countries
and peoples. ' Aegre me semper habuit quod in tabulis
geographicis usque mihi occurrit Terra Australis In-
cognita;* and he invites his friends to join him in
a voyage of adventure and discovery in the Southern
Seas. ' Quid dubitamus ? Quid formidamus? umbras?
nos ipsos? Ibi caekim est, ibi terra; sunt procul-
dubio et homines, fortasse nostris non parum cultiores/
At first they seek to dissuade : he may find only a land
infested with savage beasts, and yet more savage men,
Polyphemian monsters who may ' snap him in the middle
and devour him yet alive and trembling *. But Beroaldus
will not be gainsaid : Seneca*s prophecy, if such it was,
'Venient annis .Saecula seris, quando Oceanus vincula
rerum laxet, et ingens pateat tellus,' might have refer-
ence to later discoveries than that of Columbus ; and
finally he overcomes all their scruples by a triumphant
appeal to their love of adventure. AU this breathes
the very spirit of the time. We are still in the spaciovs
days of Ehzabeth; men felt that fresh lands awaited

xiv INTRODUCTION

discovery in the distant South. Bacon's New Atlantis
(published after his death in 1629) is but another mani-
festation of this belief ; as the Atlantis of the Ancients
foreboded the American continent, so the new Atlantis
implied foreboding of the Australian. So ' Mercurius *
and his friends strike a bargain, and, after a dutiful
farewell to their friends, embark on the good ship
Phantasy and put forth into the unknown sea, But soon
Beroaldus and Drogius disappear, leaving Mercurius
to continue his voyage in solitude. Nothing daunted,
he sails on, and in two years, leaving the Isles of the
Blest far behind him, sights the dusky headland of
Crapulia. Then follows forthwith the record of all
that he saw and heard in this strange land. The last
part of this charming introductory dialogue is given
in the text. \

With Hairs theological and controversial writings we
have little to do : in their day they had a high repute,
and the Contemplations on the Historical Passages in the
New Testament are well worth reading still for their
beauty and eloquence. But enough has been said to
prepare the Reader for the enjoyment of the Mundus
Alter et Idem, whose satire will be found to have lost
little of its point. We may close with the first sentences
of Knight's letter to the Reader : —

' Praeter spem, amice Lector, nec tempestatibus actus
nec diuturna maris iactatione lassatus, sine ventis, sine
velis, in novum mundum appulisti. Ubi, postquam
terrarum amplitudinem, regionum situm, populorum
mores et ingenia, universi denique faciem et habitum
recte perlustraveris, adeo huius veteris mundi formam
agnosces ut, Hcet alterum videas, eundem tamen credas —
though it may look new, it is our old world after all ! '

TABULA RERUM

LIB. I. (i. Crapulta.)

PAGE

Itineris Initium 3

Cap. I. Regionis situs 5

II. Pamphagonia. Terra Gulonum ... 5

III. Prima Pamphagoniae Provincia ... 6

IV. Secunda Pamphagoniae Provincia . . 7
V. Planities Lecanica 8

VI. Metropolis Pamphagoniae, moresque populi 8

VII. Bella Pamphagonum 13

VIII. Ucalegonium, urbs libera .... 14

IX. Leges Regni 16

X. Religio Populi 17

XI. Electio Magni Ducis 18

XII. Insula Famelica seu Terra d'Hambre . 22

LIB. I. (2. YVRONIA.)

Cap. I. Ingenium Populi 23

II. Yvronia tributa in suas partes ... 24
III. Zoufifenberga, Metropolis Yvroniae, de-

scripta, et Yvronum habitus moresque . 24

IV. Equites aurei dolii, legesque loci . . . 29
V. Exsequiae Burgomagistri. Bacchi sacri-

ficium • • 30

VI. Pyraenia vel Zythaenia, et peregrinatio ad

Sacrum Utrem 3^

xvi ^ TABULA RERUM

LIB. 11. (VlRAGINIA.)

PAGE

Cap. I. Situs Viraginiae, illiusque regiones. Terra

Feminarum 39

IL Quid mihi factum a Gynaecopolitis- . . 39

III. Forma regiminis et electionum . . . 41 '

IV. Viraginensium origo 43

V. Aphrodisia 43

VI. Amazonia vel Gynandria . • • • 44

LIB. III. (MORONIA.)

Cap. I. Numerus Moroniae et situs . ... 51
II. Moroniae partes, moresque toti populo

communes 52

III. Variana, vel Moronia mobilis ... 54

IV. Aspera Moronia 58

V. Orgilia, alter Ducatus Asperae Moroniae . 61

VI. Moronia Fatua 64

VII. Moronia Felix 70

VIII. Pia Moronia. Credulium et Doxia . . 77

IX. Status Civitatis Moronicae .... 79

LIB. IV. (Lavernia.)

Cap. I. Situs Laverniae 81

II. Larcinorum mores 81

III. Litorales et Insulares Larcini ... 84

IV. Quis mihi aditus. Harpyiae ... 85

V. Vallis Bugietta. Phenacum mores. Bol-

secium . 86

VI. Codicia 88

NOTES • . . .91

Index of Proper Names 109

vocabulary ii9

H

]

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

TERRA AUSTRALIS

ANTEHAC SEMPER INCOGNITA

LONGIS ITINERIBUS FEREGRINI ACADEMICI NUPERRIME ILLUSTRATA

AUCTORE ■»

MERCURIO BRITANNICO

V

ITINERTS INITIUM

MERCURIUS BRITANNICUS NAVIM PHAN-
TASIAM CONSCENDIT, SOLVIT PORTU

[Beroaldus loquitur]
' MiHi certe persuasissimum erit, latere adhuc Senecae
tellurem ingentem, nosque, modo si audetis ac satagitis,
felicissimos exploratores etiamnum exspectare. Ecce
nunc venio, mi orbis, post tot vota, post tot moras;
venio, inquam, spe plenus et fiducia; et vel te mundo, 5
vel cadaver hoc tibi, audax impertio. Agite vero, socii,
si quis manet adhuc calor priscae virtutis, si qua prae-
clare merendi ambitio, audete hoc facinus: estote mihi
comites itineris, compotes fortunae. Apage frigida illa
pectora, quibus nil sapit, nisi quod nihil prae se ferat 10
periculi, nihil gloriae, quibus nullum placet sepulchrum
non sua obtectum gleba. '^Esuriemus; sitiemus; ae-
grotabimus; moriemur:" Ignavae voces, indignae
philosophis ! indignae peregrinis, alterius mundi disqui-
sitoribus, contemptoribus huius ! Nihil profecto deest 15
praeter animum. Siviri estis, sumite hunc vobis et
erigite : accingite vos ad hoc iter, fortasse iucundum,
certe praeclarum, perque multos viarum anfractus recta
ducens ad immortalem gloriam. Sin minus sedete
domi desides et inglorii. Inveniam ego alios consilii 20
mei fautores sociosque, quibus vos fortassis auspica-
tissimum coepti huiusce exitum sero invidebitis.*

3 2

4 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

Dixit; vultuque paulum commotiore nos intuens
conticuit Beroaldus. Neque non multum nos movit tam
vehemens cordati iuvenis oratio (cuius ego vix clausulam
e mille unam numero), simulque rerum novarum ac
5 gloriae sitis. Quid multis ? Neque opus est quid hic
dubitarit, ille dixerit, fecerit alter, paraverimus omnes
seorsum percensere. Diem statuimus : navim conscen-
dimus Phantasiam : solvimus portu ; non tamen sine
hac conditione humanitatis pariter et officii, ut suos

10 quisque in via salutaret, salutatisque valediceret.

lamque cum post triduum ad Belgica litora appulisse-
mus, post septimanam ad Aquitanica, surripuere mihi
Delphensis villa Drogium, Mons Albanus Beroaldum,
utrumque sane invitissimum : meque meorum cachinnis

15 post tantam exspectationem propinandum, vel solivagum
viatorem innumeris ignotisque periculis misere obtru-
serunt.

Neque tamen haec me terruit insperata solitudo.
Perrexi alacer; postque biennium Insulis Fortunatis,

aolitore Africano, a tergo relictis, nigellum Crapuliae
caput salutavi.

LIBER PRIMUS

CRAPULIA

Cap. I. Regionis situs

Crapulia regio ampla, luculenta; quod ad situm,
a septentrione Oceano Aethiopico, ab oriente Logania
et Viraginia, ab austro Moronia Felici, ab occidente
palude Tryphonia terminatur : in eadem ipsa orbis parte,
in qua monstrosissimus ales ruc, elephantum integrum 5
unguibus suis rapiens deglutiendum, a neotericis geo-
graphis depingi solet.

Gleba nimis feraci caeloque nimium benigno fruitur,
cuius ego, non sine tacita quadam invidia, saepius
miseritus sum, quod incolas non habeat meliores. 10

Longitudine quidem ad gradum septuagesimum quar-
tum, latitudine vero ad sexagesimum porrigitur. A
Capite Bonae Spei undecim gradus distat, totique fere
Africae ex adverso iacet.

In duas vulgo provincias tribuitur, Pamphagoniam et 15
Yvroniam : quarum altera magna quidem ex parte eius-
dem et longitudinis et latitudinis est, quod ominosum
nulli videatur, cum nostra Britannia, altera vero cum
utraque Germania. Utraque eidem principi, iisdem
legibus subiicitur, nec moribus nec ingenio nec habitu ao
adeo dissimilis.

Cap. II. Pamphagonia. Terra Gulonum

Pamphagonia triquetra fere est, figura Deltah', non
absimilis Aegypto veteri, montosa coUibusque obsita

6 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

editioribus, solo pinguissimo, ita ut aves, quae con-
fertim hiic solent pastus gratia convolare, si per men-
ses tres istic permanserint, prae mera mole saginaque
montes nequeant transcendere, quin neque prosequen-
5 tium manus evadere, neque tantillo tempore cedant
pinguedine Ortolanis Italorum.

Quod etiam in Scotia factum novimus, e frondibus
deciduis generari anseres, quodque honoratissimi pri-
dem legati nostratis testimonio probatissimum est, in

10 Euroboreali mundi plaga e terra crescere agnellum,
caulique innixum, gramen adiacens depasci, quis id istic
fieri non sibi facile persuaderi pateretur ?

Sed et pisces, qui in isto litore frequentissimi, ita
voraces sunt pro more populi locique ingenio ut, hamo

15 subinde iniecto, confluant ubertim, haud secus ac
misellae animae ad Charontis cymbam, apud Lucianum,
ferroque vel non capti inhaereant extrahique gestiant.

Adde quod portus, qui, si cui alii, huic genti commo-
dissimi sunt, nulli usui inserviant, nisi apportandis

30 recipiendisque eduliis, quae illi superfluis solent pellibus
commutare: neque incolis licet interea quicquam ex-
portare, quod palatum quamlibet oblique spectare
videatur.

Arbores ibi nullas vidi nisi frugiferas. Ornos, quer-

25 cus, salices, et huiusmodi plantas steriles et otiosas
oderunt, quippe quae nil praeter umbram niidam et
inutilem largiantur. Sepes ibi omnes, quod et in
Yvronia passim videre est, vitibus consitae.

Cap. III. Prima Pamphagoniae Provincia

Friviandae provincia, ut a proximis ordiamur, nisi
sopeculiari quodam loci ingenio id fit, calidior est,

CAP. II] CRAPULIA 7

quam ut veros pariat gulones. Incolae fusca sunt
cute, pilisque retortis, neque tam molem aut nume-
rum quam delicias quaerunt.

In ipso promontorio Terrae Australis, quod nos a
colore Nigrum vocabimus (fumosissima enim regio est; 5
partim, propter frequentissimos loci vapores; partim,
propter Terrae Del Fogo vicinitatem, quae huic a dextris
adiacet), urbs est Cucina, aedificiis satis quidem altis
at fuliginosis olidisque constructa.

Celebre hic Omasii divi templum est, moliiS edepol £o
vastissimae, mille aris ac focis totidem instructum.

Cap. IV, Secunda Pamphagoniae Provincia

. Adiungitur huic amoenissima pars Pamphagoniae,
Tractus Golosinius, dactylis, amygdalisque, ficubus,
olivis, malis punicis citreisque coopertus ; per quem
limpidissimum flumen Oglium tacite discurrit. 15

Hic Marza-pane, pulchra urbs^ alteque turrita et
deaurata, sed nimium patens hostibus. Cui imminent
Zuckerii CoUes, e quorum visceribus dulce nescio quid,
albicansque, et durum effodi solet, vix notum saeculo
priori, quale veteres ex arundinibus Arabicis Indicis- 20
que petierunt. Paucissimos hic videbis aetatis adultae
non edentulos, spiritusque foetidissimi.

Seplasium urbecula huic proxima, quae neminem
admittit civem praeter solos aromatarios pyxidumque
concinnatores, oppidum Viraginiis probe notum, prae- 25
sertim vero Lo^anicis, quae specula crystallina solent
horum pastillis et unguentis commutare. Istorum arti
favet admodum loci opportunitas et caeli munificentia ;
totus enim iste tractus, certis temporibus, aromaticis
trochiscis, pro more grandinis confertim decidentibus, 30
contegitur, quam ego emanationem eandem puto, quod

8 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

ad essentiam pertinet, cum aereo illo melle, quo, verno
praesertim tempore, quercus nostrates imbutas saepe vi-
dimus : sola difFert crassitudine ; nam, ubi mel nostrum
guttatim spargitur, incrassantur hi globuli intensiore
5 mediae regionis frigore, et cadendo resultant.

Cap. V

QuiNQUAGESiMO quiuto gradu incidimus in Planitiem
Lecanic^m, ipsa Pamphagoniae viscera.

Festino ad regionis totius Metropolin, quae una,
sive structurae formam, sive mores populi, sive regulas
10 vivendi, leges desideret quis cognoscere, in^tar omnium
erit cordato lectori.

Cap. VL Metropolis Pamphagoniae : Moresque

POPULI

ViLLAE hic paucissimae, ut merito coniiceret istinc
viator, pagos omnes a civitatibus devorari.

Urbes non tam multae quam populosae et ingentes,

15 quarum et mater et domina facile audit Artocreopolis.

Fama est saeculo priore duas fuisse civitates cele-

berrimas, Artopolin et Creatium, quae de principatu

diu multumque contendebant. Artopolis vetustatem

prae se ferebat. Creatium splendorem iactavit, amoeni-

20 tatem et potentiam. Coacto tandem concilio procerum
omnium sufFragiis vicit Creatium. Scilicet illa est huius
aetatis iniquitas, ut quanquam caput ipsi iam olim mihi
incanuerit nive senectutis, simplici tamen vetustati nihil
censeat tribuendum, prae^ superba ac praecoci novitate.

«5 Illa altera, iam prorsus neglecta, consenuit ut nunc
ne rudera quidem aut vestigia cernas tam magnificae
urbis.

CAP. IV] CRAPULIA 9

Urbs non tam elegans quam magna, munita satis
fossa quidem lata et profunda perennis aquae, quae et
omnes fere urbis plateas interluit ; in qua mille cernas
aequaliter divisa piscium vivaria, cui etiam cygni,
anates, mergi, ardeolae, querquedulae, et quotquot aqua 5
nutrit alites, supernatant.

Haec autem fossa Gruessa dicitur. Muros illi
ministrat duplices benignior laniena, ex ossibus
pecorum, quae mactantur indies, ita dispositis ut maiora
tibicinum loco totam molem sustineant, minora deinde 10
superstruantur, minima vero medium in locum coar-
ctentur, omniaque caemento ex ovorum albuminibus
confecto compingantur miro artificio.

Aedes nec pulchrae, nec, pro aliarum urbium more,
altius constructae. Gradus non curant, non ferunt cives : 15
partim ob ascendendi taedium, partim, ubi praesertim,
quod solent, probe potarint, ob descendendi periculum.
Illae omnes latioribus bestiarum scapulis tegularum
loco aifabre contectae.

Urbes eorum nullos agnoscunt cives nisi qui men- ao
sam spectant quadantenus. Agricolae, fabri, molitores,
lanii, in municipiis habitant, qui tamen ubi ad certam
ventris molem excreverint, promoventur in civitatem ;
in quam nemo admittitur primitus, praeter coquos,
pistores, caupones et gravissimos urbis senatores: qui 25
quidem non, ut alibi, propter prudentiam aut divitias aut
prolixiorem barbam, sed propter abdominis mensuram,
quotannis ritu solenni ehguntur ; et quo quis magis
crescit illo provehitur altius: ita quosdam vidi ab
infimae et obscurissimae urbeculae moenibus, suo 30
quidem merito, nobiliore donatos civitate, tandemque
in urbium celeberrima, senatoria dignitate auctos ; qui
tamen, ubi vel morbo (quod saepe fit) vel aetate, statuto

lo MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

macilentiores evaserint, una cum carne pristinum hono-
rem amiserunt.

Plateae, quod in tam incuriosa urbe mirabar maxime,
stratae marmore, tum quod, uti coniectabam, paulo
5 laboriosius sit, neque prorsus careat periculo, ob
inaequalitatem lapidum, pedes altius elevare, tum uti
sellae senatoriae facilius promoveantur : neque enim
pedibus unquam, aut equis, aut lecticis, ponderis causa,
forum petunt, vel publica convivia, sed sellis quibusdam

10 amplissimis, rotularum quatuor gyris, hac illac trahi
solent; praesertim hoc modo domum sedilibus suis
affixi nutantes spumantesque reducuntur.

Ad quatuor urbis portas totidem invicem indies se-
dent senatores (' Buscadores ' appellant); intrantes et

15 exeuntes quosque sedulo exploraturi, exeuntes quidem
num forte ieiuni prodire ausint, quod ex ventris disten-
sione facillime coniiciunt (reque iam comprobata reos
duplici cena multant), intrantes vero quid secum
ferant reduces : nec enim licet cuiquam aut non pleno

30 ventre exire aut redire non plena manu.

Singulis mensibus, quod ex legis praescripto illis non
hercle reluctantibus indicitur, stata agitant convivia,
quibus praesto sint oportet omnes urbis senatores, de
publicis negotiis finito iam prandio (nec enim licet im-

25 pranso cuiquam ferre suffragium) deliberaturi. Pythonos-
Come praetorio nomen est. Sedem suam quisque no-
vit. Ubi postquam se vino calidissimo et acrioribus
condimqntis paraverint, suo quisque ordine discum-
bunt. Cupedia delicatiora in prima mensa semper ap-

30 ponuntur ; stultum enim putant optima ferculorum
non maximo appetitu devorare. Nec illis licet, quod
nobis usitatissimum est, apros, oves, capras, agnos
varias in partes dissectos apponere ; sed, quod a veteri-

CAP, vi] CRAPULIA II

bus forte Romanis didicerunt, integra animalia machinis
quibusdam patinariis, quales apud Petronium legisse
memini, sudantes ministri apportant. Ante sex horas
nemo surgit sine piaculo ; diu enim et paulatim esitant
bibuntque, ob eandem plane causam, qua fretus ille 5
olim famosissimus heluo collum sibi gruinum optasse
fertur. Discedendi vero tempus hoc modo metiuntur :
ostium habent in praetorio, satis vel amplissimo ieiuni
hominis abdomini accommodatum, per cuius angustias
intrant adventantes conviyae : illac tentat quisque finitis 10
iam epulis exire ; si haeret, aliorsum emittitur ; quod si
aeque facile ac pridem ieiunus evaserit, moram illi im-
perat Morum Magister, et introductum denuo quamlibet
invitum cogit discumbere, donec exeundo non sit.

Hortos ibi habent multorum profecto iugerum sed 15
invenustos. In quibus frustra es, si exspectas areolarum
nitelam et ordinem aut pulcherrima florum pigmenta;
consita hic potius cernes omnia raphanis, allio, meloni-
bus, quos hinc petiit lautior Italia.

IUic videres frutice nobili caules, ao

Et utrumque porrum, sessilesque lactucas,
Pigroque ventri non inutiles betas.

Sed et Ptochaeum hic publicum est, in quo quotquot
hydropem, aut podagram, aut asthmaticam passionem
edendo ac bibendo contraxerint de publico aluntur. 25
Sed qui edentuli iam facti sunt prae senio, vel temeraria
et incauta masticatione, in Sorboniam Insulam rele-
gantur.

Habet quidem, mancipiorum instar, vernas plurimos
quisque ditiorum, agris hortisque colendis vilioribus- 30
que officiis deputatos ; qui tamen ubi ad iustam magni-
tudinem pervenerint donantur libertate.

12 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

Si quis e nobilissimis regni proceribus crapula in-
terierit, is demum (totus e selectissimis dapibus con-
flatus) servis propinatur deglutiendus, neque fas est tot
delicias perdere.
5 • Viri ad miraculum crasso corpore obesoque, neque
ille dignus est quem salutes, cuius mentum non ad
medium usque pectus propendeat. Nec aliter se habent
feminae, quarum formam Italae aliquantulum, sed
maxime omnium Barbaricae, imitatae sunt.

lo Nudi fere omnes incedunt; neque vestis illis curae.
Solis magistratibus quique notae melioris togis uti
licet, ex illorum pecorum coriis, quae soli suis ipsorum
faucibus vorare uno accubitu potuerunt. Ante pectora
modo, iuxta Virgilianum illud, * sola ferunt tonsis man-

15 tilia villis ' ; quibus, ne quid pereat, guttulas decidentes
excipiant oraque abstergeant : illa vero usu nimio
leviora an nigriora sint, vix iudicarit oculatissimus
spectator.

Tardissimo sunt ingenio et ad omnes scientias inep-

20 tissimi ; qui tamen quot curant artes callent.

Scholae tantum illic aperiuntur popinatoriae, in
quibus omnis iuventus edendi, bibendi, scindendique
scientia statim ab infantia erudiri solet; quibus Archi-
silenius quidam, exquisitissimus heluo, tunc temporis

25 praeficiebatur ; praelegitque, grammaticae loco, frag-
mina quaedam Apiciana. Instar bibliothecae, publicum
est cantharorum repositorium, in quo omnes scypho-
rum ordines gradusque per certas classes dispone-
bantur. Pocula, fercula libri sunt, minora tironibus,

30 adultis maiuscula : huic cyathus, triens illi, alteri sex-
tarius, gallina huic, illi anser, tertio agnus, apponitur
aut perna. Neque unquam feriandi datur licentia donec
totum quisque pensum absolverit. Quod si qui septenni

CAP. vi] CRAPULIA 13

ingluvie parum profecerint, exsulant illico in Famelicam
Insulam, quin et huc relegantur medici et quisquis
diaetam cuiquam praescripserit.

Quisquis aegrotat, quantumvis refragante Asclepiade,
radiculam edit, quod iubet Celsus, et paulum calidae 5
imbibit, vomitat, et purgatur illico.

Ferina caro maximis ibi in deliciis, quam tamen
venatione captare nequeunt ; retibus tantum ac laqueis
damas ad se ultro venientes implicant. Sed et suem
animalium omnium et utilissimum reputant et optimum, 10
fortasse ob quandam morum similitudinem, quod norunt
mensae soli a natura comparatum.

Si quis ad putredinem usque vel tantillum cibi apud
se servarit, statim religatur ad palum, excepto quod
ferinam licet reponere, donec lanugine quadam obdu- 15
catur; et, quod vix prae nautea memorare possum,
caseum vulgo tam diu servant, dum totus in vermiculos
resolvatur, et tum demum, viva animalcula paulo sacchari
adspersa, nimis avide vorant delicatissimi epulones;
quem sane pessimum morem demiror Germanos in- 30
feriores istinc mutuatos.

Cap. VII. Bella Pamphagonum

CuM duplice quidem hoste Pamphagones bellum
semper gerunt, Insularibus Famelicis sive Hambriis,
et Frugioniis.

Narrant historiae Hambrios, inito cum Larciniis 35
foedere, terram hanc invasisse saepius, semel vero
vicisse, quo tempore incolae sil is et caveis quibusdam
subterraneis misere sese abdiderunt, donec loci numina,
precibus illorum votisque tandem commota, novam
gentem suis ipsorum faucibus interemissent ; tantum 30

14 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

enim ipsi post tam subitam mutationem ingurgitarunt,
ut morbis inde contractis ad unum omnes intra
triennium ultro perierint.

Saepe etiam, sed frustra, pedem hic suum figere
5 tentarunt incolae veteres, Frugionii, qui tamen uti
fortuna deteriorem plerumque in partem vergit, nimium
felici Pamphagonum successu superati sunt.

Ad bellum prodeunt, anteriore quidem parte (nec
enim se possunt fuga liberare) coriis bovillis, pellibus-

10 que lanigerae setigeraeque pecudis, villisque caprinis
induti, ut armentum tibi aliquod a longe intuenti ad-
aquatum duci videretur. Verubus furcisque culinariis
armati fere omnes; sunt tamen (jui balistas arcusque
e boum maximorum costis gerant.

1 5 Yvrones, nati magis ad bellum, mutuas, ubi opus est,
istis suppetias ferunt, sine quorum opportunis auxiliis
Pamphagones proculdubio diu antehac succubuis-
sent.

CaP. VIII. UCALEGONIUM, URBS LIBERA

Sed adhuc intacta mihi, non tacenda tamen, Ucale-
ao gonium, libera civitas, ditionis amplissimae, in ultimis
Planitiei Lecanitae finibus, Moroniamversus, constituta;
qua nullam ostentat Pamphagonia vel magis antiquam
vel stupendam magis; cuius, uti fertur, cives quovis
monacho feliciorem vitam degunt; quippe suppetit istis,
a5 quicquid usui esse possit, abunde.

Inprimis, munitissima est ipso situ loci planeque

inaccessa, ut inanes hostium insidias et incursitationes

merito ridere possit; insidet enim altissimae rupi

maximeque praecipiti, per milliaria Germanica decem

30 continuatae ; per cuius cavam vallem Oysivium, flumen

CAP. vii] CRAPULIA 15

an stagnum nescio, lentissimo pede serpit. Unicus
tantum patet incolis ascendendi locus, via unica, nec
illa gradibus quibusdam, uti fieri solet, sinuosis, sed,
qui puteorum mos est, demisso fune ac corbe
viminea. 5

Alimentum istis suppeditant aves huic loco peculiares,
nec visendae alias. Gutiges vocant accolae, fulicis non
absimiles, idque triplici modo: nam, praeter carnem
suam et ovorum congeriem, maxima piscium copia, prolis
enutriendae gratia^ nidos suos instruunt indies, fereque 10
obruunt; quin et foco perenni inserviunt aggesta istarUm
nidis virgulta. Quid ultra desideres? etiam plumis
mollissimaque harum lanugine lectos sibi conferciunt
cives.

Pars interior vitem producit generosissimam, laetam- 15
que segetem; nec quid aliud est, quod Ucalegones vel
non habent, vel non curant.

Hic ergo incuriosissime agit aetatem populus :
cenant, dormiunt, surgunt, prandent, recumbunt.
Exsulant, lege Sybaritica, non modo Galli omnes, sed et ao
omne genus artificum ; agricolas enim soli hic agunt
porci, quod antiquitus factum ab Aegyptiis, nec aliis
est opus. Sunt tamen ditioribus ministri : quorum
alter expergiscentis oculos aperit lenta manu, alter
edenti ventulum facit flabello, alter frusta hiantis ori 25
immittit; alter cingulum solvit nectitque: domino sat
est ingestum ori cibum manducare, digerere.

Sub Ucalegonii pfaesidio delitescunt et aliae urbes,
iisdemque fruuntur privilegiis, Lirona et Roncara, nisi
quod fere semper dormiunt cives, et, quod de ursisso
Plinius, tam gravi somno premuntur, ut ne vulneribus
quidem excitari queant ; mirumque in modum hoc
veterno pinguescunt.

i6 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

Cap. IX. Leges Regni

Pythonos-come praetoriurn, profecto amplissimum
et fenestris undique patentissimum, in ipso propylaei
frontispicio, aureis literis scriptas exhibet sacras legum
tabulas, in hanc fere sententiam : —
g . I. Monositia scelus esto.

2. Integras quatuor horas quisquis a somno ieiunaverit
et defraudaverit genium, bis cogatur cenare.

3. Ore iam pleno, recto digito respondisse sat esto.

4. Laesae maiestatis reus fame pereat: culpae levioris
10 dente mulctator.

5. Coquorum quisquis ita male tractaverit obsonium
ut edendo non sit, palo publico suffigatur : iuxta quae
appendatur caro semicruda vel semiustulata, donec
misertus quis famelicus specfatorum totam comederit.

15 6. Quisquis, dum cingulo tentatur, spiritum con-
tinuerit, inhabilis ipso facto redditor; et per totum diem
ieiunus carceri damnator, ita quidem cancellatus, ut
reliquos proceres possit epulantes contueri (quod
supplicium nonnullis fuit capitale).

20 7. Quantum quisque comederit, commensalis hebdo-
madatim ad praetorem deferto ; ut si praescripto minus
absolverit poenas, quibus dignus est, luat.

Nummis non utuntur; neque enim tanti faciunt
mortua haec et insipida metalla; sed, quod antiquitus

35 factum docet Aristoteles, sola mercium commutatione
venditiones emptionesque rerum peragunt. Ita duo
passeres sturno, sturni duo turdo, duo turdi gallina,
gallinae duae ansere, duo anseres agno, duo agni
vitulo, vituli duo capro, capri duo vacca valere

3osolent: quod et in oleribus piscibusque fit, stato quo-
dam pretio: nempe id unum curant aediles, ne quis

CAP. ix] CRAPULIA 17

aut malas merces obtrudat emptori aut debito plus
exigat.

Cap. X. Religio Populi

lovEM horrent quod, illo tonante, vinum acescat, et
quod imbre intempestivo fruges suifocet.

Tempori Deo, ut rerum omnium edacissimo, aedes 5
illic vidi structas eleganter, in quibus Saturnus, filiorum
suorum tumulus, arte mira caelatur.

Sacra faciunt Genio Loci, cuius fere solius agnoscunt
numen; qui forma maximi voracissimique alitis (ruc
appellant incolae) conspicuum se praebet quotannis, 10
exspectaturus suorum vota. Huic illi crudas offerunt
hecatombas, hoc modo: —

Vasta planities Lecanica est, ab australi parte monti-
bus undique circumcincta. Huc convolant certo die
incolae ad unum omnes, ducuntque secum innumeram 15
vim omnis generis pecor^m, iumentorum, alitum. Ele-
phantos, rhinocerotes, camelos, qiios in hunc diem
saginant, boves procerissimos, apros, oves, capras, quin
et aves, quotquot sunt, nudas atque deplumes, quasique
includunt in spatiosissimam hanc caveam. Ipsi per ao
montium latera, velut theatri alicuius gradus ordine dis-
positi, flexis genibus exspectant sui numinis adventum.

Tandem, ingenti clangore ac confusissimo strepitu et
ronco, longe conspicias sacrum alitem, adunco rostro, fal-
catis unguibus, oculis micantibus, jnira caterva harpyia- 25
rum, corvorum, vulturum, accipitrum undique stipatum.
Advolant horrendo stridore, et iam ad instar densae
nubis vallem subiacentem numero et pennarum umbra
tegunt, solemque et caelum adimunt. Ter circumvolant
planitiem, dum incolae exclamant, precantur, tremunt, 30
gratulantur.

c

i8 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [ub. i

Dux avium animadvertit sibi praedam et ex toto
agmine seligit quicquid palato maxime arriserit. Nunc
duos boves, nunc elephantum rapit. Dein statim alites
reliqui, pro suo quisque appetitu, in reliquum agmen

5irruunt; hunc vitulo, illum agno, apro alium, alium
ansere vel cygno videas onustum. Quo subinde facto,
omnes, non sine canora populi acclamatione, avolant et
intuentium oculos efFugiunt.

Quicquid superest> quod sane plurimum ut sit necesse

loest, ut illo ipso die a populo istic discumbente con-
sumatur praecipit pietas ; quo sic se nimium replent, ut
per dies fere quadraginta carnem fastidiant, et exinde
piscibus vescantur, cum ut se recreent aliquantulum
tanta ferculorum varietate, tum ut eo acriore animo

15 carnem diu neglectam aggrediantur.

Cap. XI. Electio Magni Ducis

Festino ad palatium Magni Ducis, quo me duxit
meus Genius feliciter, illo ipso die quo novus princeps,
pro more regni, creabatur.

In isthmo plane medio inter utramque provinciam

20 sita est arx longe augustissima, quam ferunt olim
struxisse Omasium quendam gigantem, vastae molis,
parem illi, quicunque fuit, hominis monstro, cuius duos
dentesmaxillares e puteoquodam Cantabrigiensi effossos
vidi, vix humano capijte minores.

25 Scilicet hic primus regionem hanc, olim sub Frugionae
ditione positam, subegit, eiecit priores incolas, novos
populos dedit et iura nova. Cuius animam putant
monstrosissimi alitis formam errore Pythagorico in-
duisse, eumque quotannis hoc nomine, uti diximus,

30 stato die venerantur.

CAP. x] CRAPULIA 19

Non secus iste a misella plebecula ac Mahumetes a
suis Turcis ubique colitur. Hic, in spatioso arcis atrio,
cernas monumentum huius memoriae sacrum, statuam
visendae altitudinis, iuxtaque tumulum, in quo signa-
turas quasdam vidi, sed invida vetustate ita corrosas, 5
ut non facile sensum aut verba eliceres; iuxta illud
Ovidii :

— : — sed longa vetustas
Destruit, et saxo longa senecta nocet.

Sic se habebant liturarum reliquae : —

WD'Qi/iAYRET VCSTfS
V-M-ETt:

C 2

20 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

Ego sic censeo restituendas ; penes lectorem esto
iudicium : —

Omasius Fagoniae dux, dominus, victor, princeps,

deus hic jaceo: nemo me nominet famelicus, prae-

5 tereat leiunus, salutet sobrius : heres mihi esto

qui potest, subditus qui vult, qui audet hostis.

vivite ventres et valete.

Haec regia Ducis est, quem ille primus legislator
voluit non certo, ut alibi, imperio frui, sed anxio sem-

10 perque mutabili.

Sic ergo se habet Ducis electio. Quotannis institui-
tur solenne certamen, quod quidem non lanceis, aut
curribus, aut remis, sed dentibus peragi solet : ubi qui
vicerit, praeter coronae pampineae honorem, regni

15 Seneschallus, Duci proximus, exinde salutatur.

Finito certamine, surgit quisque ac tangens sacrum
Omasii tumulum Bacchum iurat et Saturnum et ipsos
Omasii manes se absque fraude ac dolo malo negotium
hoc esse tractaturum.

20 Tandem prodit novus Seneschallus, cingulum ferens
aureum, gemmis probe stipatum, immensae quidem
longitudinis. Sacram Zonam Imperii vocant indigenae,
cui verbum intextum animadverti, 'si nihilultra:' qua
se primus omnium induit dux prior, notatque abdominis

35 sui mensuram ; sequuntur hunc, suo quisque loco,
proceres reliqui : quicunque vero cinctorium istud,
non distento ventre nec retento spiritu, sic urgere potest,
uti altiore adhuc foramine opus videatur, maximo accla-
mantis populi applausu Dux CrapuHae salutatur. Cui

30 statim regius pocillator, flexis genibus, amphoram

CAP. xi] CRAPULIA 21

porrigit amplissimam, monetque populo suo propinet
salutem. Is vase arrepto apertoque contionem habet ad
populum, si potest congruam, sin minus blandam certe
ac benevolam. Cui ego et aurem adhibui et animum, sed,
quae illis gutturalis locutio, sonum horrui, sensum non 5
intellexi ; summam percontanti sic reddidit interpres : —
Ad populum se convertit, suavissima oratione, Oroa-
sium sancte iurans libertates se nostras esse propugna-
turum, promoturum negoti^, hostes fugaturum, secutu-
rum consilia, foturum studia, vota suscepturum, laxatu- 10
rum gulas, mensuras ampliaturum, denique quales
sumus servaturum, facturum quales esse desideramus.
Dein Fami, Abstinentiae, Diaetae, Malae Cervisiae,
Macilentiae, hostem se acerrimum professus est, iura-
vitque denuo neminem se praeside ieiunaturum impune, 15
neminem ingratiis graecaturum. ' Quare,' inquit, ' agite,
per sanctam Saturitatem, estote semper hilares et,
quando potestis, obsequentes; et ita suaviter intret
tutoque exe^t pulchellus iste cyathus,' quo dicto vinum
lentius ebibit, fundoque vasis inverso labrum pollici pro 20
more applicat, 'ut sgo vos semper ebrios, saturos,
^fortunatos cupio.*

Populus, laeta voce, caelum implet ingeminatque ;
' Cagastrius,' sic enim illi nomen, ' augustissimus Cra-
puliae Imperator, vivat, regnet, crescat ! ' 25

Insignia regni statim illi tradita, struthiocamelus
ferrum vorans, cum verbo ' Digere et Impera'; et
denique, pro fascibus gladiove aut sceptro cultellum
una cum doliolo aureo in manus ipsi dedit Seneschallus,
et solenni verbo dixit ' Utere et fruere.* 30

Praetereo lubens struices quas ilHc vidi hac nocte
patinarias, montes carnis, vini torrentes. Id unum
silere nequeo, compita omnia nocte hac, ita strata fuisse

22 MUNDUS ALTER KT IDEM [lib. i

vivis ebriorum cadaveribus ut victorum hostium castra
solent post maximam stragem.

Cap. XII. Insula Famelica seu Terra d*Hambre

ExciDiT nobis Insulae Famelicae mentio.
Terra est petraea, montosa, infecunda, nuda, arenosa.
5 Arbores hic aliquot, sed decorticatae, calvae ; quae nec
fructum ferant nec frondes,: quin neque flos nec gra-
men, quod alibi virescit iniussum, uspiam hic crescunt.

Veris hiemisque vices nescit solum exsucum et plane
demortuum; nescio an herbas frondesque primulum
10 enascentes carpant vorentque avidissimi indigenae.

Incolarum nemo sedet hic volens, sed exsilio e sua
terra eiectus. Hi omnes colore sunt fusco et subpallido ;
cute dura, contracta et elephanti more hiulca ; omnium
quos sol videt macilentissimi.
15 Videbis hic alium muscis insidiantem, vermiculis
alium ; nec desunt qui terrae cutem radun^ cultello ut
abditas quaerant herbarum radiculas. Quin et sibi
mutuo, ubi licuerit, praedae sunt, nec quem liberat
advenam novitium, nisi vel robur vel macilentia.
20 Fabri ferrarii fere sunt omnes : quanquam et Pam-
phagones philosophos huc omnes ac medicos relegant,
et Hispani omne genus libertorum.

Terribilis formae bestia per huius insulae deserta

passim oberrat. ' Nuchtermagen ' vocant, sine capite ;

25 quae horrendissimo latratu caelum implet : quem sonum

qui semel duodecim horarum spatio non audierit sur-

descit illico ; ter vero qui audierit nec quid praedae

obiecerit ante horas duodecim moritur.

Alia hic animalia praeter lupos et Cercopithecos,

30 caudis aliquantulum curtos, nulla vidi.

yVRONlA
"ESA CRAPUUAE PROVraciA

^^- I- Ingenium Populi
J^VRoNiAM affer^H,-,

^e«cr.ptione„,eSpeceT' '"'"' "'"^ ^<=*="'-«*^'" « '"e
"^''es invfeere, donec / "^''"^ ^"™ ausus sum illorum
-vessomnovi;o;u;:33lV^"^b---et, cum iam

Quid metuerim Jt ^^P"''''
^«tori; Burgomagis^;'';';^^; neque ''- -videbo 5
est adventantes aul° ^argitatem, quibus in more
^°"Siis excfpere 11^"^ ''«^P'*^^ "^«^'0 quot vin!
era^nlari, p„J;.^J .^^ """^"^ "^^ munificentissime "

Regfo est al- "^''^" malint.

'"femperantforiTo°i.'"^'°' ^«•"Phagoma, tantoque
'^"^, ^^'•"'anfam^^eTldf ^ opulentior. Latitudine utram.

^"!'^'"«; adeo uT oua. "^'""^ proveniant uvae vel ,5

!",'' «""f, Gemiknrae ^IK?""' ^^'^P^^^^ gentibus pro-
"■bicundae Pau/oque V \ °''' '' tenuissimae, Galliae
dioxumae, virtut^^^ *ortiores, Hispaniae coiore Tue-
crescaijt. ^^"erosissimae, omnes istic abunde

Temperie ^u 10

'"'■ ''"'' ^^ W "d"!"'" ^ Pamphago.^ ilous discreparvf.
° delectantur plurimu. «^ • U caVvdo et

24 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

humido : illi proinde culinarii et furvi ; hi cellularii et
rufi, Crapuliani a vicinis ioco nuncupati. Neque minus
ingenio: tanto enim Yvrones illis disertiores sunt,
quanto magis impudici. Ineunte quidem aetate, pleri-
5 que ingeniosissimi sunt ; provectiore vero, et praesertim
decrepita, ita obliviosi ut vix sui nominis meminerint.

CaP. II. YVRONIA TRIBUTA IN SUAS PARTES

CoNTiNET illa in se multas urbes egregias. Hic
enim imprimis occurrit mihi Pampinola, vel Ampe-
lona, viculus quintuplex, qui per Olmios se Colles

lopulchre diffundit, et usque ad Traubenam urbeculam,
pro lateritiae materiae colore rubicundam, porrigitur.

Ima in valle, quae Torcolia dicitur, Licoris elegan-
tissimi fluminis nativum cubile est, per cuius amoenis-
simas ripas, plurimas vidi civitates, hac illac undiquaque

15 sparsas, non sine prudentissimo delectu fundatorum,
Beacheram, Krugtopoh'n, Chitraeam, Cadillam ligneo
muro circumdatam. Reliquus sane orbis, quaqua patet,
flumen huic uni conferendum nuUum habet : Danubius,
Tamesis, Volga, Tiberis, Sequana, prae isto plane

20 sordent ; nam, praeter limpidissimorum taciteque la-
bentium 'fluctuum lascivos errores, aqua dulcissjmi
saporis est, quae nec optimo novit vino cedere, nec
mellitis Turcarum poculis.

CaP. III. ZOUFFENBERGA, MeTROPOLIS YvRONIAE,
DESCRIPTA, ET YVRONUM HABITUS MORESQUE

. ZouFFENBERGA, ignoto mihi nomine nisi quod sonum
25 Germanicum prae se ferre videbatur, urbs valde cele-
bris, et emporium situs beneficio commodissimum.

cAP.i] YVRONIA 25

Ex orientali parte doliorum aggeribus probe cincta
est; quorum etiam costis domunculae omnes obte-
guntur.

In ipso portae vestibulo sita est a mane ad vesperam,
e non violando legis praescripto, amphora praegrandis. 5
Poculum Hospitale sua lingua vocant cives : cuius ansae
insculptum est vetus illud, ' aut bibas aut abeas.' Quis-
quis ingreditur aut totam ebibit aut sistitur magistratui
rationem contumaciae redditurus.

Superne sculpta vidi urbis insignii, hirudinem nudo 10
pedi inhaerentem, cum verbo iuxta posito, 'plena

QUIESCO.'

Hic ego, perquam certe opportune, conveni hospitem
iam urbem ingressurus, hominem peregrinum, gente
Loganicum. Is me sub vespera clanculum introduxit 15
ac multa docuit quae ipse nullus deprehendissem.

Aedificiorum et materia et structura non absimilis
Pamphagonicis, nisi quod anterior pars domorum vite
continua sic prorsus obducitur, ut, ni undiquaque pen-
derent tabernarum insignia, profecto in media te vinea 20
putares obambulare: spectaculum, hercle, non iniu-
cundum.

Nudi incedunt incolae, nisi quod omnium tempora
pampineis corollis .adumbrantur : cute tamen mire
depicta, veterum Britannorum more, huius quidem 25
centauri, illius tragelaphi, alterius columbae alitis
bibacissimi. Est et quem cernas amphorae forma tam
artificiose superinductum, ut brachiis lateri incurvatis
vivam iurares amphoram.

Ardebat mihi animus publicum convivandi morem, 30
clam civibus, intueri. Cui demum annuit hospes : quan-
quam non sine plurimis, iisque seriis periculorum prae-
monitionibus, morumque documentis : quibus ego probe

26 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

instructus ad praetorium, ubi convivia solent agitari
sub noctem, una cum fido duce, me contuli.

Confluunt discumbuntque, eodem plane more quo
Pamphagones prius, nisi quod istic plus poculorum
5 observavi, ferculorum minus. Vase duplici stipatur
quisque ex utroque latere.

Initio quidem libant Baccho, communi deo, non
illo more quo Romani olim, paulo vini diffuso humi,
sed longe religiosiore. luxta summum mensae Bacchi
10 statua erigitur, tenentis dextra quidem ingentem cra-
teram, dum, prae nimio pondere, quod Virgilius olim,
fessae subvenit laeva sorori. Huic sacerdos, supplicum
convivarum nomine, cadum vini (neque enim minus
capit) iugiter infundit. Haec autem illis clepsydra est,
15 moderando convivio : postquam enim is egerere desie-
rit, istis ingerere religio est.

Dein salsamenta non unius generis apponuntur,
placentae salitae, aleculae, et salibus exesae chalcides,
pernae plusquam Westphalae radices carduofum sil-
20 vestrium, anchoviae siti proritandae.

Tum statim plena circumvolant pocula, sonantque
vacua, ut vix demum statueres impletane fuerint ut
evacuarentur illico, an exhausta ut implerentur.

Praebibiturus alteri solenni cantiuncula illum pro-
25 vocat ; dein, dextris arctius coniunctis concussisque
vehementius, poculoque ori eius fere admoto, rem
aggreditur : et post multas interspirationes remissosque
spiritus et blandas sermocinationes ansam poculi non
deserit donec totum epotarit. Pari modo respondet alter.
30 Mensa secunda ferculis non ita magnis vel opiparis
instruitur, quam etiam nova potione contemperare
solent.

Demum et tertia rarissimo fruticum apparatu pulchre

CAPiii] YVRONIA 27

instauratur ; qua fere finita, mappaque iam provoluta,
magister caerimoniarum clara voce ' gesundheits * ter
praeconatur.

Quo sono sciolus ego dimissam putavi turbam, dis-
cessionemque meditatus, movi pedem : quum, manicas 5
mihi leniter vellens, hospes, 'Hui, tam cito/ inquit,
' somniculose spectator, vix dum incepto convivio ? En '
tibi ut non languido cursu defluat Bacchi clepsydra :
mane paulum, et scenae huius catastropham patienter
exspecta.' Parui, stetique, to

Tum unus e convivis, exuta corolla, flexisque genibus,
velut vota facturus, sextarium arripit; et 'Salutem,'
inquit, *Cagastrio potentissimo Crapuliae Archiduci.'
Bibit, anhelat, respirat, eructat, sermocinatur, donec,
post certa quaedam intervalla totque haustus quot 15
nomini suo literae, fundum inverterit.

Sequitur a summo quisque, iisdemque poculo, facto,
et gestu fidum se comprobat civem ac benevolum,
quodque mavult, strenuum potatorem.

Assurgit statim alter et 'Bene vos,' inquit, 'bene nos, 20
bene celeberrimam et augustissimam Zouffenbergam '
clareque interim ructat incurvato genu, bibit, ebibit ;
nec quis audet non sequi.

Tandem cum una aeque pocula potavit quisque, quod
splenem mihi movit maxime, post haec seria, ordine 25
suo poetam agit unusquisque, musis omnibus invitis,
solius Bacchi numine aemulus, sciHcet, antiqui moris,
cuius meminit Plutarchus, cantilenam quisque suam
modulatur. Instar lyrae erat poculo insonans cultellus :
et pulsatum est, edepol, harmonice. Alter amicam 30
suam laudavit, alter Dionysi virtutem praedicavit, ut
succurrerit mihi statim illud vetus Laberii :
Ebriulati mentem hilarem accipiunt.

28 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

Alter, falso carmine, in absentem lusit ; omnes
numeris, ut mihi videbatur, plane Anacreonticis.

Interim, dum haec fiunt, quot ora hominum tot
discrepantes affectus conspexisses : hunc, prae mero

5 amore, socio allacrimantem ; illum, oscula libantem
proximo; alium, in risus immodicos solutum; alium,
devota mente, Baccho provolutum; alium, cui poculum
non citius allatum est, stomachantem iurantemque
centena milia diabolorum myriadum,

lo Ab initio autem convivii, quoniam ita lubrica sunt
plerique memoria ut officii sui facile obliviscantur, ad-
sidet paulo altior notarius publicus, aufzeichner,
qui haustus quosque in tabeilas velut acta publica refert,
quid quis, cui propinaverit, sedulo describit, finitaque

15 cena, modo quis auscultando fuerit, recitat :

Trinkenius,

Bibulo

tres congios.

Drollius,

Biberio

totidem.

Zaufenius,

Saturioni

semicadum etc

Perlecto iam catalogo, clepsydraque exhausta, * Illud

20 vero unum,' inquam ego, ' paulo sollicitiorem me habet,

qui isti commode deducendi sint domum.' 'Facile id

fiet,' respondet hospes. 'Vides funes illos qui tot

ferreis annulis istic in foro alligantur ? Hos cautiores

ministri, quibus ante finitas epulas poculum libare pia-

25 culo est, vix etiam sibimet ausi confidere, foribus heri-

libus affixos, novum Ariadnes filum secuti, recta domum

una cum sua mandra remeant.' 'Sed quid si quis

funem interea moverit loco ? ' Subrisit ille ; ' Et quen-

quam putas hoc noctis,' inquit, Mta agere excubias?

30 Novimus tamen hoc factum aliquando. Tum is et

domum petit et uxorem non suam.*

CAP. iiil YVRONIA 29

Cap. IV. Equites Aurei Dolii, Legesque Loci

In praetorio etiam urbis suspensum vidi aureum
illud dolium, quod equitibus huiusce ordinis nomen
dare solet; nam qui ter istud sobrius siccaverit eques
exinde creatur a Duce, donaturque torquato insigni
dignitatis. 6

Neque contemnenda sunt horum equitum privilegia ;
ubicunque enim sunt et mensis dominantur et tabernis.
Vinum cuiuscunque generis gratiis afferri iubent et
modum cuique praescribunt potandi.

Hi in omni solenni convivio, ut gladiatores olim jo
Romani ensibus, poculorum numero contendunt; qui-
que plura necdum ebrius exhauserit victor evadit
triumphatque serio. Ebrietatis autem iudicium hinc
peti solet: qui protensum digitum lucernae ardentis
flammulae recta potest immittere, quicquid praeterea 15
dixerit egeritve, sobrius habetur.

Habe demum, Lector, Zouffenbergae, sed et Yvroniae
totius leges ; risumque, si potes, tene.

Propinanti respondeat quisque eodem poculo modo-
que quo est provocatus : qui secus faxit biduum sitiat. 20

Pocula semper vel plena sint vePvacua: dimidiata
qui vel apposuerit minister, vel conviva tulerit, reus
esto laesae societatis.

Ebrium qui sobrius percusserit, intestabilis sit; qui
sobrium ebrius, absolvatur. 25

Quisquis ebrium sobrius spoliaverit, vino interdicatur
in perpetuum ; qui interfecerit, siti pereat.

Qui siccam salutem precatus fuerit Crapuliae Impe-
ratori, laesae maiestatis damnetur.

Rectilinearis gressus a cena, scelus esto. 30

/

30 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [ub. i

Quisquis triduo in urbe manserit, Baccho sacrificet.

Qui vinum aqua miscuerit, ad caninam mensam
damnator.

Qui Bacchum iuraverit, nec servaverit fidem, intesta-
5 bilis esto.

Qui poculo alterum petierit iratus, et vel quid vini
efTuderit vel vas ipsum fregerit, proximo die poculis et
manum et labra abstineto.

CaP. V. EXSEQUIAE BURGOMAGISTRI. BaCCHI

Sacrificium

Illa ipsa nocte, quae testes nos habuit convivii,
10 quidam e burgomagistris, cuius aedes in altiore colliculo
sitae erant, e fenestra excidit; quam is, parum sui
compos nec bene palpans, ostium putarat, fractaque
cervice statim exspiravit. Cuius exsequias magna cum
pompa luctuque celebratas vidi. Pullo se quisque
15 colore tingebat, proque sertis pampineis cupressea
induebat. Cadaver impositum non sandapilae, non
pyrae, sed dolio semi-pleno iniectum, in puteo vini
pleno hon tam sepultum quam submersum est; nam,
ubi Romanis in more erat pyrae altiori glebas turis,
20 ut loquar cum Lucretio, et omne genus suaveolentium
aromatum superinicere, hic urnulam quisque vini in-
fundit tumulo, mortuoque valedicit. Statua illi erecta
in medio Bacchi atrio, inscripta illorum lingua hoc
carmine :

25 Non patuere fores: patuit quae nocte fenestra,

lanua mortis erat, ianua honoris erit.

Biduum ego istic securus mansissem, cum ad me
hospes, * Heus tu,' inquit, ' latuisti probe, hactenus, sed
tertium si adhuc diem egeris necesse est Baccho sacri-

■\

CAP. IV] YVRONIA 31

fices : illa mihi cura incumbit scilicet, ni in tuam gratiam
peierare malim/

Cui ego, 'Et quis ille mos est, quaeso, cui tam
necessario parendum est ? Id, si semel cognovero, aut
diutius permansurus faciam aut hodierno discessu hoc 5
te metu ac periculo liberabo.'

'Vidisti,' inquit ille, 'heri Bacchi statuam in foro:
inde oportet haurias plus quam sat est, donec humi
procubueris ; tum denique illo ipso in loco provolutus,
destillantis adhuc vini imbre, usque dum desierit, pro- 10
luaris.*

* Sed, amabo, dic mihi serio,' inquam, ' num qui un-
quam peregrini hoc fecerunt ? '

'Ad unum omnes,' inquit ilie; 'quidam perquam
lubentes, alii etiam invitissimi.' 15

'Ego vero abeo,' inquam; 'tu modo expedi mihi,
sodes, quae secundas teneat e reliquis Yvroniae
partibus/

Zythaeniam ille mihi laudavit, quam alii Pyraeniam
vocant, sub ditione Tricongii, e nobilissima familia 20
oriundi ; simulque monstrat viam, satis per se facilem,
iubetque valere.

Cap. VI. Pyraenia vel Zythaenia, et Pere-

GRINATIO AD SaCRUM UtREM

Pergo ego iam solus aquilonarem plagam versus,
et, a tergo mihi relicto Schaum albido flumine, perveni
ad Kotzungam, villam omnium quas vidi teterrimam, 25
olidissimam.

lamque in ipsis Ponfiniae terminis Validolium salu-
tavi, satis commodam nitidamque ; in qua tamen fontem
aut fluvium nuUum animadverti, ut audio, ne vinum
nymphis adulterari possit. 30

32 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

Id unum queror, cuius monitum volo lectorem, ita
proficiscenti mihi molesta fuisse pocula, ut cruces Italae
et Hispanae solent festinanti viatori ; quae ad tertium
quemque lapidem sub sacro fornice plena disponebantur,

5 quibus illibatis peregrinanti fas non est illac praeterire.
Conveni, tandem, viatorem, vilissimo ac villosissimo
sagiilo superindutum, fronte ac pedibus nudum.

Ego statim quo tam grandi gradu tenderet per-
contabar.

10 Cui ille, ' Peregrinationem/ inquit, 'longam suscepi
ad sacrum utrem Schlauchbergae.'

Miratus novum urbis nomen iterque inusitatum,
multa rogabam de regionis urbisque situ, de consilii
ratione, de utris denique illius virtute; tulique re-

15 sponsum : —

' Schlauchberga urbs est in ultimis fere Pyraeniae
finibus et Lo^aniae, ab utraque regione celebratissima,
in qua, praeter alia religionis monumenta, aedes sunt
Bacchi — Capellam Ardentem vocant — ex ardua rupe

20 excisae. E quarum tecto, pyropis aureisque flammulis
magnificentius omato, ut cataractae in nescio quod
Indicum mare, guttae perennes fumantis tepentisque
liquoris in utrem subiectum continuo fluxu destillant;
quem superne ferunt tanta virtute imbutum, ut quisquis

25 pie devoteque ex eo largius hauserit, nunquam deinceps
aut ante mediam noctem sitire aut ante meridiem
inebriari possit. Id vero utrumque mihi, homini pub-
lico, multum facessit negotii, qui neque ad mediam
usque noctem dormire possum quin prae nimia siti

30 surgam, neque mane surgo quin ante meridiem gra-
vissimo somno premar ebrius. Hunc ergo in finem,
nisi quod paulum aquae libaverim hodie de puro fonte,
per triduum hoc siticulosus incedo, ut tanto plus merear

CAP. vi] YVRONIA 33

de hoc igneo numine: nec quisquam aut mihi sic
amicto, aut meo cuicunque comiti, poculum audet obtru-
dere importunius/

Ego amplexus avide oblatum mihi tam opportune
privilegium, et comitatum illius et patrocinium ob- 5
nixius efflagitabam.

Tandem, cum non parum viae garriendo transegis-
semus, mutatam soli faciem animadvertens, in qua nunc
simus regione sciscitor.

Hic inquit, 'Ex quo latam illam paludem traiecimus lo
(Methium designans lacum) tractus est Uscebatius;
propior Pyraeniae regio, non aeque culta sed multo
felicior nostra Oenotria, sive terrae virtutem sive
aeris temperiem spectes.'

Sane populus perquam sordidus et inhumanus, nec 15
nisi ebrius, unquam non ferus et truculentus videbatur :
qui tamen mihi, ut superstitiosissimi sunt, comitis tam
religiosi causa satis favebant. Primam quidem noctem
in publico urbeculae cuiusdam obscurioris xenodochio
transegimus, satis pol quiete ; hospites enim omnes ao
ebriulatos, somnoque altissimo semimortuos, et com-
perimus et reliquimus. Reliquas, in quibus nihil tabellis
dignum animadverti, volens taceo.

Pervenimus tandem per multas silvas invias longas-
que paludes ad oppidulum celebre ac frequens, Portum »5
Aquae Fortis.

Ego requiem mihi iam diu poUicitus, 'Qua nunc
imus?' inquam; 'num haec spes tua est illa deside-
ratissima Schlauchberga ? ' .

■ 'Non est,' inquit ille; 'sed, quod te recreet aliquan- 30
tulum, ne ulna quidem terrae metienda restat his
pedibus: remis peragetur quod restat, quibus post-
quam haec obstantia freta feliciter transfretaverimus,

D

34 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

per quieta Pyraeniae litora ad portum optatissimum
perveniemus/

Navim conscendimus ; solvimus portu; et iam in
mediis fluctibus agitamur.

5 Sed hic friget mihi etiamnum timidum hoc pectus
reminiscenti, quantum nos istic periculum evaserimus.
Ecce enim nautas ad unum omnes ebrios planissime
suique parum compotes. Hic unus dormit in puppi;
alter fato Palinuri remum tractaturus in mare praeceps

lodecidit; cui dum. unus et alter frustra opem ferre
tentant, casuri et ipsi manibus nostris servati sunt:
furit alter, remumque intentat proximo, quod socio
amisso non sit opitulatus: cui ille, lacessitus inge-
minato verbere, pariter respondet: alterutri se parti

i6adiungunt reliqui: volant hac illac minaces remi, iam
in fustes conversi, et nunc non amplius undam sed
auram verberant. Victores duo (neque iam plures
supererant) in nos irruunt, torve intuentes, nostraque
causa haec omnia evenisse clamitant. At nos, quibus

aopudori visum est a totidem ebriis superari, procum-
bentium armis instructi, impotentes hostes facile
subegimus, armisque spoliatos ligavimus: ipsi nautas
egimus: quin et cymba ipsa, quasi non minus ebria,
nutabat hac illac, ita ut, nisi siccior nobis venti aura

35 ab Aeolio utre opportunius emissa flavisset et navim
plane invitam recta promovisset, hic nos miseri remiges
spem omnem una cum cadaveribus nostris obscure
sepelissemus, neque unquam religiosus iste comes
Bacchi sui utrem invisisset

30 Inter navigandum, quod unum silere nequeo, obver-
sabatur oculis nostris, procul a sinistris, insula quaedam
alta et nivosa, aliquanto borealior ; cuius nomen ratio-
nemque petenti responsum est : —

CAP. vi] YVRONIA 35

' Illa Glacialis Insula nominatur : quo Bacchus, iam
imberbis, ut iratae novercae supercilium fugeret, a
patre relegatus est; quem cum inhumanius trac-
tassent, tandemque vi et armis abegissent incolae,
iratus pater terram iussit perpetua nive ac tenebris 5
operiri/

*Sed unde fumus ilie, quem a longinquo videmus
e montis nivosi cacumine erumpentem?'

'Mons,' inquit, 'Sacer Dionysii, in cuius igneis
visceribus expiari ferunt illorum animas, qui nimis lo
sobrie temperanterque vixerint, aut illi manus olim
violentas intulerint. Hic scilicet poenas dant infelices
umbrae, assidueque cruciantur, donec quis amicorum
superstitum Capellam Ardentem inviserit, et ignea illa
aqua in tumulum effusa, manes liberaverit/ '5

Subrisi ego, iam mihi visus cantatissimi illius Pur-
gatorii originem explorasse, ut frustra sit Odilo ille
Abbas cum Monachis Cluniacensibus, qui in Aetnaeo
Monte istiusmodi animarum expiatorium sexcentis ab-
hinc annis statuerint. 20

Appulimus tandem urbemqu^ invenimus satis qui-
dem elegantem, sed utribus vasisque coriaceis stratam,
tectam. Nec artifices ullos hic vidisse memini, praeter
sutores utrarios; ut iam tandem quid de coriis Pam-
phagonicis fieret satis intellexerim. Cuius rei rationem 25
sic habe : Incolae non mero utuntur, ut Yvrones reli-
qui, sed aquis quibusdam vino forti^simo commistis,
quarum tanta vis est ut fragili hoc vitro contineri
nequeant; quapropter thecas sibi huiusmodi comparant,
resina piceque firmatissimas. 30

Cives rufi sunt plerique, lippi, iracundi, invidi, sus-
piciosi, tremente manu, gressu dubio, et, quod me
terruit maxime, meras flammas et bibunt et spirant:

D 2

36 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. i

quantum enim non hic aquae aut tenuissimae cervisiae,

tantum isti huius calidissimi liquoris infundunt.

Ego igitur qui modo aqua periclitabar, nunc mihi

magis ab incendio metuebam. Comitem ergo meum
5 Baccho suo supplicantem, praecordiis meis longe melius

consulturus, deserui.

lamque dum per extremas Lo^aniae oras reditum

meditabar, visurus Houbeloniam, tertiam Yvroniae re-

gionem, ecce me subito adorta est armata vis Viragi-
10 nensium, cinxit, cepit, rapuitque miserrimum erronem,

per immensum iter, ad caput regni Gynaecopolin.
Nolo tamen aegrius ferre lectorem, quod intacta mihi

hoc casu remaneat Yvroniae pars reliqua: nam, ut

mihi narravit nuperus comes, et haec omnium ignobi-
15 lissima est, et parum discrepat a ceteris, nisi quod

Houbeloniis minus generosa ebrietas est, magisque

beluina.

LIBER SECUNDUS

VIRAGINIA VEL GYNIA NOVA

CaP. I. SlTUS VlRAGINIAE, ILLIUSQUE ReGIONES.

Terra Feminarum.

Gynia Nova, quam alii corrupta voce Guineam ap-
pellant, ego vero Viraginiam, illic sita est, ubi geographi
Europaei Psittacorum Terram depingunt. Ab aquilone
Lp^aniam, huic genti inimicissimam, ab austro Fru-
gionam, ab oriente Moroniam Mobilem et Felicem 5
attingit.

Terra profecto ferax sed male culta.

Regiones sub se multas amplasque continet, ingenio
simul et moribus valde sibi dissonas. Harum ego
quasdam peragravi plane invitissimus. 10

Superat reliquas longissime Linguadocia, in qua
plurimae sunt urbes celeberrimae.

Sed primas urbium et Linguadociae et Viraginiae
totius vindicat tenetque Gynaecopolis, ubi ego diutius
quam vellem commoratus sum. 15

Quid ergo de me sit factum, imprimis referam; ac
dein, quae de nova gente dicenda sint, ordine meo
prosequar.

CaP. II. QUID MIHI FACTUM A GyNAECOPOLITIS.

CuM primum me durae victrices e Loganicis finibus
raptum in forum deduxissent, campanulam illico jpul- 20

40 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. ii

sarunt; qua semel audita, convolarunt avidae cives,
meque vinctum curiosius intuentur : dum una raptricum
nostrarum, quae tunc, ut videbatur, ducem egit, dato
uti opus erat silentii signo, reliquas allocuta est :

5 Qui sim, cuiasve, nescire se : solummodo in tam per-

ditae regionis finibus me deprehensum: monetque ut,

tot tantisque Lo^anensium iniuriis lacessitae, de sera

tandem vindicta cogitent, ferantque de me iudicium.

Ego gentem meam rationemque erroris, quibus potui

loverbis ac gestibus, significabam, me rerum Lo^ani-
carum prorsus ignarum, et ex illis esse qui ipsarum
et sexui et genti bene semper voluissent; indignum
esse harum clementia et iustissimi regiminis fama,
peregrinum insontem, nihil unquam de ipsarum sexu

15 male meritum, indicta causa, damnari.

Movit illas non parum tam supplex oratio, tamque
non fucata species veritatis : vicit ergo demum tutior
plurimarum sententia, vinctum me scilicet in praetoriano
carcere, Gynaecio, servandum, donec et patria mea et

30 peregrinationis institutum senatui constitisset.

Hic ego et longam et miseram servivi servitutem :
neque, ni me patriae meae (quae merito per terrarum
orbem Feminarum audit Paradisus) nomen servasset,
vivus hinc demum excessissem. Enimvero Loganicos

25 quotquot deprehendunt, vel suspendunt vel vilissimis
officiis in hoc infami carcere deputare solent, sic ni-
mirum ultae quotidianas illius gentis iniurias. Quot
ego hic non ignobihum captivorum classes, ad Herculea
pensa senescentes, lanam carpentes, staminaque tor-

30 quentes vidi !

Liberavit me tandem patriae principisque lam olim
sacrosanctum nomen, non tamen solutum prorsus et
iniuratum. Tangenda mihi scilicet Ara lunonis, et

CAP. 11] VIRAGINIA 41

publice danda fides, me leges subsequentes inviolate
observaturum : —

Me nihil unquam mali nobilissimo sexui, vel verbo
vel facto, machinaturum.

Feminam loquentem sermone meo nunquam inter- 5
pellaturum.

Domesticum imperium me, ubicunque sim, feminae
concessurum.

Me nunquam in Lo^aniam rediturum : agitatur enim
apud illas vulgari proverbio, ' Plurimos huc appellere 10
bonos viros, discedere malos maritos.'

Plurium amores me ne gestu quidem simul ambi-
turum.

Nihil me cuiquam proditurum secreti.

Nihil unquam uxori quod ad cultum ornatumque 15
spectarit negaturum.

Ingenii et formae et facundiae laudem me feminis
ultro daturum, et ab omnibus detrectantium calumniis
vindicaturum.

Suscepi in me lubens omnia, neque duriorem certe 20
conditionem facile respuissem, discedendi studio. Ita
vincula etiamnum calamo meo scribentis iniecta videt
lector, ut omnia fas non sit mihi iurato eloqui. Quae-
dam non mala licebit : mala non hceret, vel iniurato.

Cap. III. FoRMA Regiminis et Electionum.

Status mihi democraticus visus est; dum quaeque 25
studet imperare, nuUa subiici. Quin ne legibus quidem
se patiuntur coerceri : pubHcis tantum suffragiis omnia
peraguntur. Quae quomodo ferrentur mirum mihi
homini peregrino videbatur ; omnes enim una loquun-
tur canoris acclamationibus : nuUa silet, neque aurem 30
alteri accommodat.

42 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. ii

Parliamentum istic habent fere perpetuum, in quo
mai6ris momenti negotia pertractantur, ut Desiderius
noster, si iam superesset, factum agnosceret, quod
feminas tantopere petentes introducit, Id vero ne-
5 cesse est, propter legum latarum incertitudinem : licet
enim postero die plebiscita quaevis pro arbitrio re-
trectare; eodem non licet, ne sibi parum constantes
videantur.
SufFragiis quidem pares sunt omnes cives, non tamen

lodignitate: certo enim praefectarum numero, quas
Centumviras appellant, urbes fasces tribuunt. Ne-
que vero natae sunt illae rerum dominae, sed electae,
uti aliqua videbitur pulchritudine et eloquentia (sola
enim haec duo in omni electione spectantur) eminere.

15 Olim penes populum erat eligendi potestas, donec ex
eo, quod unaquaeque semetipsam suo promovit sufTragio,
orta confusio laudatissimum hunc electionis morem
antiquavit.

Exinde decretum est ut illae solae iudices sederent

2otam invidiosae litis, quae se neque formosas neque

. disertas profiterentur. Quo factum est ut, concurrente
saepe populo, ne una quidem comperta sit in tam fre-
quenti spissaque corona, quae electricis locum habere
vellet, dum provectiores aetate non minus se putant

«5 facundas quam iuvenculae elegantes.

Tandem visum est hunc honorem duodecim ex anno-
sissimis e vico Vetulonio matronis deferri, quem etiam
superbo praeterea titulo prudenter auxerunt, ut eo
lubentius expeteretur.

30 Pro sceptro, fascibusve, aut securi, plumae istis et
specula praeferuntur, maximae molis; quae vel per
vicos incedentes ngn desinunt intueri, et horum con-
silio capillos, ora, et gressus ipsos componere.

CAP. nr] VIRAGINIA 43

Cap. IV. ViRAGiiiEiisnTii Origo.

Paucissimae Viraginensium istic natae sunt; sed
aliunde a quibuscunque orbis terrae regionibus huc
confluunt, quae aut propter nimiam in maritos feroci-
tatem pulsae sunt, aut propter nimiam maritorum in-
deroentiam et zdoCypiam sponte exsularunt 5

Quotquot maritorum suonim dominae, iniusti imperii
causa, e finibus suis una cum viiis eiectae huc appulerint,
in eztimis regni oris» illa praesertim parte quae Gynan-
dria vel Amazonia dicta est, urbes munitas incolunt,
militesque agunt praesidiarias. 10

Exsules vero spontaneae, quae imbelliores plerumque
sunt et animi mollioris, in ipso regni umbilico pacem
colunt et formain.

Neque est quod speres rempublicam tam incertae
originis aliquando prae civium paucitate desituram ; tot 15
enim huc indies aggregantur ultroneae, praeseitim
municipeSy ut verendum sit potius ne nuUus brevi reli-
quus futurus sit novis civibus commorandi locus.

Ego certe male metuo, ne ubi istiusmodi regio no-
stratibus feminis calamo meo innotuerit, vix ulla domi 20
mansura sit, proximi saeculi spem sua fecunditate con-
servatura*

Cap. V. Aphrodisia.

ExiNDE igitur, r^ae urbis diplomate instructus, per-
rexi porro ad septentrionalem Viraginiae partem, quae
Lo^aniam spectat, Aphrodisiam, terram hercle floren- 25
tissimam.

Nec scio quot milliaria ab Erotio vel Amantina proxima
regionis urbe distarem cum iucundissimi odoris halitus

44 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. it

nares mihi opplebat, haud secus ac si pretiosissimae
pharmacopolarum pyxides iuxta stetissent: ita omnia
hic seplasiarios olent pastillos et delicias Golosinias.
Reliqua taceo.

5 Hic feminas vidi proceras, comptas, et, ni fucus
gratiam formae sustulisset, sane pulchras. Quae omnes
facie papillisque nudae incedebant, ceterum amictae,
sed materia levissima, coloribusque splendidissimis.
Partes nudae ita palam cerussatae videbantur, Mosco-

loviticarum more, ut iurares personam te videre, vel
statuam, aut parie^em, non humanam cutem.

Mulieres Desuergoniae (illo gaudet nomine prima
urbs Aphrodisiarum) vitreas colunt domus, undique
pellucidas.

15 Harum neminem, ni frustra velis esse, domi quaeras,
nisi forte priusquam compta fuerit et ornata, nec quam
in foro theatrove (hic enim diem terunt) nisi vel
ridentem vel canentem vel tripudiantem cernes.

Has ego et odi et fugi ocius, ne literarum quidem

20 praesidio satis me tutum ratus : quibus profecto nun-
quam ausus essem, ni formae meae satis iampridem
mihi conscius, spem salutis committere. Profuit ergo
semel fuisse deformem, ut vel ea, quorum causa natu-
ram maxime solemus criminari, fiant aliquando, illa

25 sic sagacissime nobis prospiciente, vel non cogitantibus
utilissima.

Cap. VI. Amazonia vel Gynandria.

Reversurus per extimam Aphrodisiae partem, eius-
que occidentalem angulum, incidi in Amazoniam vel
Gynandriam, unicum tam imbellis regni praesidium
30 adversus vicinorum furorem et incursiones.

f.^d iUusun, elT ''''■^'■'«as vt^'; P^", sperabat
^^ enim bracr,r^.'"^°^«nimsDS f°'^^^^'«^-

^"•^""'''unt doS ?'""■ '' '•'"berS a?' .'^''^^^- P- -
«t «nfJitari. ' ^"« ieminae rd ^ '• ^^''^«o «trenue

^on ita Barb • "^sticae operam dant

^r^' T^^:- -^^-elis aevo
^'Wiindue?e/n^^.^-"batn,eti''"P^"03e, ut illic .,
"^quoe^ij;^'*'^"' ««dent bon, .*^"*"^ servitutis.
P""« ^un,iJi2,f '" ^""'» <^ntueri " '"'"^" uxorum,
'^ «juod ^.''"P^t^-ata. "^" ^« alloqui, nisi venia

^^'"'» didici T"r"° die sancti..

.'^'■«'^ni cordp.; ' '"^' ^«tionem L ''"^ «iim obser- ,o

^^^'«■tereveSi^^^^hociug^^^^^J» adoriendi, secretaque

•^^itata est T.°'' ^fficii aKj""*l"'damJ,omuncio, oui
''^^'"«^bveL'"^^^^"^^^"»^ e4^^^ "'^^^'^'"'" vex-Ux-.
.3^'^'^-^ «'ull^Jr^^^^^-isseT'"^^' ^°^ eox.«ilU

46 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. ii

Turcica mancipia versari, ni me habitus discrimen tur-
pioris servitii monuisset. Vah, quale spectaculum erat
in virili manu colus ac stamen, in muliebri pugio
baculusve! Dissimulavi tamen, ut potui, pudorem,
5 animum studiose applicans ut omnia cognoscere possem,
nihil pati.

Si qua clementiore ingenio muHercula mitius egerit
cum viro, ac remissius, statim, uti hic delatricum plena
sunt omnia, defertur ad senatum, laesaeque maiestatis

lo incusatur. Crimen illi intentant vicinae, non sine magna
et animi commotione et contentione vocis. Quod si res
vel levissimis indiciis innotuerit, hoc modo rea plecti
solet : vestem cogitur mutare cum viro, sicque amicta,
raso capite, prodire in forum : ibi toto die stat in

>5 editiore loco, omnium spectatricum conviciis ac cachinnis
exposita. Neque vir ipse hanc audaciam. feret impune,
qui tantillum sibi a muliere oblatum favorem non mo-
deste recusarit: ubi illa tandem domum redierit, luto,
contumeliis maculatissima, vestem non ante deponit,

ao quam cruentum ostentaverit baculum, quo viri sui caput
valide comminuerit.

Uxori suae quisquis supervixerit, aut ancillam ducat
oportet, data prius observantiae prioris fide, aut proxi-
mae matrifamilias in mancipium cedat, quoniam nemini

25 virorum rebus domesticis suis praeesse licet. Dum pere-
gre proficiscitur femina, vel militiae causa, vel negotia-
tionis, vel denique voluptatis, ancillae aut filiae man-
dantur claves et cum clavibus imperium ; cui si iile
semel obstrepere ausus erit dat poenam reduci, ni

30 precibus multis aliisque quibuscunque ofBciis, silentium
vicariae dominae impetrarit, conciliarit gratiam.

Contra morem nostratium capillos tondent, ungues
alunt.

CAP. VI] VIRAGINIA 47

Sunt inter illas, quae artem gymnasticam et exercent
et profitentur, qua, quomodo dentes, ungues, calces
bellicosissime gerant, ostenditur: denique faciem ex-
coriare, oculum eruere, mordere lacertos, aurem per-
fodere, vellere barbam artificiosius, et praeceptis docent 5
et exemplis.

Vix crederes quam illic domi niteant omnia: ubi,
tamen, omnia lavant, verrunt, coquunt, parant viri soli,
ut hinc satis appareat, viros officia domestica recusare,
non quod ista tractare nequeant, sed quod se minus 10
decere putent. Nihil ibi sordidum vidi praeter virorum
vestimenta, quae profecto praeter modum squalent,
ut non minus ipsi se negligant quam a feminis negli-
gantur. Foris tamen et agros et tecta, feminarum
curam, videas incultissima, urbium moenia ita semiruta, 15
et, ubi adhuc integra consistunt, ita imperite constructa,
ut virorum tutelam desiderare videantur, et feminarum
operam et patrocinium abominari. Dubitas nunc de
salute mea, Lector, sat scio sollicitus qua tandem
ratione miser peregrinus e tam periculosa perditaque ao
regione sim incolumis evasurus. Dicam ingenue ; hoc
mihi praestiterunt habitus, aetas, consilium. Nam et
habitu incedebam virili, et iam adolescentulo mihi prima
lanugo sexum commode dissimulabat ; et, quod accidit
mihi peropportune, illic incidi, quod mirum videbitur 35
in tam loginquo orbe, in plurimos mihi de facie quondam
notos conterraneos, quorum fretus praeceptis moni-
tisque, per paludinosissimas Ploraviae valles montesque
Tuberoniae, non sine multis laboribus, molestiis, peri-
culis, in Moroniae fines laetus hospes perveni. 30

Sed quid de probis interea feminis fiat et rogabis
et nimium fortasse miraberis, infelicem me ratus via-
torem, aut ingratum, qui istas vel non convenerim

48 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. ii

unquam vel visas notasque tanto silentio praeterierim.
Plurimae quidem illae sunt, mi homo, dico serio, sed
quae Eugyniam habitant, partem mihi, fateor, non visam,
sed certo rumore cognitam. Quin et praedictis Vira-

5 giniae partibus non paucae sunt, sed quae vitam agunt
anachoreticam et monasticam atque montes incolunt
praeruptos et inaccessos. Huc scilicet, uti ferunt,
castissimae, piissimae, pulcherrimae feminae ultro sece-
dunt.

lo Quisquis ascenderit ac studiosius quaeritaverit non
poterit non plurimas huius farinae reperire. Ipse unam
aut alteram conveni ; quarum adhuc et formam, et mores,
virtutemque stupeo : sed quod adolescentuli nostrates,
si qui huc forte peregrinantur, ita omnem inveniendi

15 laborem refugiunt curamque reiiciunt, hinc fit ut bo-
narum feminarum paucitatem immerito causentur.

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LIBER TERTIUS
MORONIA

CaP. I. NUMERUS MORONIAE ET SlTUS

MoRONiA regio est omnium quas vidi incultissima,
vastissima, populosissima. Sane, si quis in celebrioris
alicuius emporii bursa obambulet, mundum huc totum
confluxisse iudicabit. Nec me latet quid de Europaeo-
rum numero scriptitarint historici ; illud vero quantum- 5
cunque est libere concedamus. Novimus et quid de
Chinensium, quorum, ut perhibent qui de magnis maiora
loquuntur, septies centena millia soleant in hac audaci
orbis censione numerari : mera profecto hic solitudo est,
si cum frequentissimo Moroniae populo conferatur. 10

Terra sita est sub ipso polo Antarctico, uti contra
sub Arctico, Pygmaeorum; et sane iam subolet mihi,
ex una eademque causa, frigore nimirum utriusque re-
gionis intensissimo, et Pygmaeorum exilitatem et Moro-
norum stupiditatem provenisse : qua quidem in re 15
pulchre sibi respondet Natura; quod in altera mundi
plaga vitium corporis, animi vero in altera, ex nimia
solis remotione fieri voluit. Cui et hoc fidem facit,
quod qui sub mediis ac temperatis caeli zonis habitant
et animo valere soieant et corpore. Sed philosophi id 20
curent scilicet.

Ab austro Crapulia terminatur ; Viraginia et extremo
Frugionae angulo, ab oriente; ab occidente denique
Lavernia.

E a

53 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iii

CaP. II. MORONIAE PARTES, MoRESQUE TOTI POPULO
COMMUNES .

MuLTiPLEX quidem est Moronia et multiformis.
Nam ad orientem Variana vel Mobilis Moronia sita
est, sub ipso polo Aspera, ad austrum Moronia
Felix, inter utramque Fatua, Pia denique ad occi-

5 dentem.

Corpore sunt plerique, quantumvis saeviente frigore,
procero et obeso, crine subpallido, capite superne acuto,
labiis prominentibus, auribus crassissimis.

Sed non idem omnibus ingenium, non mores, non

10 habitus. Notabo pauca quae in universum fere omnibus
competere mihi visa.

Advenis quibuscunque, sine ullo discrimine, copiam
faciunt (si Asperam Moroniam exceperis) suarum
urbium, aedium, mensae. Adi quenquam istorum ;

15 saluta submissius, non sine turgidulis titulis, planeque
Hispanicis ; lauda vel faciem, vel vestem, vel manum,
vel domum, et quicquid dixerit astipulare : hospitium
nactus es quamdiu voles, in quo nihil tibi deerit quod
possit uspiam comparari. Gratiis et blandis pollicita-

ao tionibus hic veneunt omnia.

Media hieme aperto incedunt pectore et reliquo
corpore leviter amicto ut eo facilius intret calor, frigus
exeat; aestate autem induunt endromida et superin-
duunt pallium et quot habent vestes, ne qua forte calor

«5 intrare possit : quanquam et alii, magis philosophi, con-
tempta hiemis intemperie, nudi fere prodeunt; hac freti
ratione, quod, cum cetera animalia suis plumis aut
corio contenta sint, turpe sit regi reliquorum homini
aliorum integumentis indigere.

CAP. 11] MORONIA 53

Nemo istorum solus unquam est; semet enim allo-
quitur sibique respondet vicissim ; secum ludit ipse
non sine magna contentione, aliquando etiam et rixis,
risumque sibi aut lacrimas movet ubertim.

Per omnes Moroniae partes vagantur religiosiores 5
quidam Morosophi, in varios ordines distincti, qui
eodem istis in loco habentur quo Bonzi apud Chinenses ;
pium genus hominum ac lepidulum. Exciderunt mihi
fere classium nomina ; quarundem sonus haeret etiam-
num, vel certe non multum absimilis. Isti omnia 10
quae habent largiuntur aliis, ipsi mendicant. Ad
extremos Moroniae fines ambulant nudo pede, ut
caelatum lapidem intueantur, alloquantur, exosculentur ;
cui demum supplices provoluti ofFerunt munera, vota
fundunt. Aurum plumbo mutant et membranulis. 15
Cereos accendunt meridie. Carne vesci religio illis
est; piscibus ad crapulafn licet. Aurum nuda manu
argentumve tangere quibusdam piaculo est. Hominum
vix quemquam salutant I nullum non lapidem aut lignum.
Flagellis se misere mastigant, sive quod nemo alius 20
tergum suum illis poliendum sit commodaturus, sive
quod olim vitulorum sanguinem Deo gratum fuisse
acceperint. Verticem radunt, vel quod levi cranio se
natos meminerint, vel ad calorem cerebri temperan-
dum, vel ne crines inter caelum et cerebrum nascentes 25
impedimento sint, ne libera mens caelestia medi-
tetur.

Si quis horum aegrotaverit, lacrimatur affatim, usque
dum vel moriatur vel convalescat. Medicamenta omnia
pertinacius aversantur, tantum moribundi oleo a suis 30
Morosophis inunguntun

Sapientiam non metiuntur silentio (quippe quod res
etiam inanimae id faciant ultro) sed verborum delectu,

54 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [u3. m

numero, rotundo exitu. Ille vere sapit, non qui parum
loquitur, sed qui multum non incongrue.

Non equitant unquam, non navigant ; salutem suam
vel iumento vel natanti nutantique ligno credere

5 stultum iudicant.

Mortuos non solent sepelire. Factum id putant
inhumanius, ut quis parentem vel uxorem amicumve,
eo quod anima deprivetur, terra occultet; nec posse
fieri, ut eum olim superstitem vel amarit quis vel

lo honorarit, quem modo mortuum ita supinus abiecerit
ac nudum vermibus propinaverit. Suorum ergo cada-
vera ligno altissimo suspendunt sub dio, vestita quam
possunt elegantissime, et quotannis visunt ac veneran-
tur; quanquam et veteribus hunc sepeliendi morem

isusurpatum fuisse satis docent non pauca, Piae prae-
sertim Moroniae, monumenta.

Cap. III. Variana, vel Moronia Mobilis

Variana orientalissima Moroniae pars est, proxima
Viraginiae.

De qua non quaeres a me certi aliquid, benigne
20 Lector. Quo in statu res iliius provinciae invenerim,
reliquerim, satis quidem et mihi constat et aeque
constabit tibi : at si tu huc forte peregrinatus aliter se
habere compereris, praemonitus noli meam fidem
criminari; ita enim omnia ibi nova fiunt indies, ut
35 facilius possis certam Protei formam, chamaeleontis
colorem, crastinam caeli faciem praedicere.

Flumina saepe novos canales mirantur, prioribus
interclusis : est etiam, ubi

Plaustra boves ducunt, qua remis acta carina est.

CAP. 11] MORONIA 55

Urbes hic multae magnae, sed quarum et nomen et
fabrica mutatur indies.

Harum facile princeps cum ego huc primulum appuli,
Farfallia dicta est; ante discessum vero, senatorum
edicto, Papilionia nominata est ; \xrhs rotatilis, ita ut 5
hac illac, curruum more, pro civium arbitrio circumagi
possit. Singulis mensibus facies urbis nova est, sic
enim structae sunt aedes ut a se possint absque periculo
separari. Cum primum ergo fastidium istos ceperit
yiri aut viciniae, illico novam sibi plateam, sedem novam 10
quaerunt. Urbis insigne olim Testudo erat domiporta,
cum verbo Sapientis Graeci, * omnia mea mecum : '
nunc vero Papilio floribus variis insidens, cui verbum
additur, 'ubilibet.'

Sect. I. Vestis ac Mores Populi

Incolae plumis coloratis, Indico more, vestiuntur; 15
quibus cum aviculas conspiciant contra vim frigoris satis
armatas, his tanto se tutius munitos autumant quanto
ipsi tam imbecillo teneroque animalium generi antecel-
lant. Situm tamen plumarum subinde mutant, ut novum
habitum mentiantur ; adeo ut quae mane verticem obum- 30
brabat, iam ante vesperam talos verrat, quaeque modo
genua, nunc altius posita pectus vestiat.

Ducunt uxores, quas etiam in tempus amant efflictim,
dantque illis fidem coniugalis benevolentiae vereque
custodiunt, donec vel illa displicuerit vel ipsi aliam 25
viderint pulchriorem. Tum demum coniuges, non
hercule ipsae invitae, commutantur.

Hospitem quemlibet, vel non antea conspectum, trac-
tant hodie familiarissime, quasi perpetuum inter illos
amicitiae foedus initum foret ; postridie autem velut 30
ignotum praetereunt.

56 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iii

Vix quicquam volentes ofFerunt, quod non retractent

secundo spiritu, antequam serio promiserint. Nihil

promittunt, quod non peierent postmodo, antequam

praestiterint. Nihil denique praestant, cuius non

5 ducantur, sera tamen, poenitentia.

Hodie nihili vendunt quae, ubi emptori placere inau-
diverint, cras magni redimunt.

Leges condunt in annum : neque enim expedire ut,
cum rerum conditio mutationum vicissitudini obnoxia
lo sit, vivendi tamen regulae eaedem semper permaneant.

SeCT.' 2. TUMULUS VORTUNII. AnTIQUA NuMISMATA

Hic in agro Muerio, propter viam, tumulus cernitur
Vortunii cuiusdam, non valde antiquus, minus elegans.
Cui inscriptum :

VIATOR
Maney Lege^ Amhula, Htc iacet

ANDR. VORTVNIVS, NEC SERVVS, NEC MILES, NEC MEDICVS,
15 NEC LANISTA, NEC SVTOR, NEC FVR, NEC CAVSIDICVS, NEC
FENERATOR, SED OMNIA : NEC IN VRBE VITAM EGIT, NEC
RVRI, NEC DOMI, NEC FORIS, NEC IN MARI NEC TERRA,
NEQVE HIC, NEC ALIBI, SED VBIQVE. NEC FAME, NEC
VENENO, NECFERRO, NEC CAPISTRO, NEC MORBO SVBLATVS,
ao SED OMNIBVS. POSVl H.I. ILLI NEC DEBITOR, NEC HERES,
NEC COGNATVS, NEC VICINVS, NEC NECESSARIVS HANC
NEQVE MOLEM, NEC LAPIDEM, NEC TVMVLVM, NEC CASTRVM
DOLORIS, SED OMNIA ; NEC TIBI, NEC ILLI, NEC MIHI, NEC
MALE, NEC BENE VOLENS, SED OMNIBVS.

SeCT. 3. ACADEMIA VaRIANA

25 In tractu Vallis Senzapesiae, quod nullus exspectaram,

CAP. iii] MORONIA 57

comperi quidem imaginem Academiae (Dudosam vocant
sui) in qua occurrebant mihi umbrae philosophorum.

Falleris quisquis istic lectorum cathedras, auditorum
classes, scholas artium, rectores, paedagogos, leges,
libros quaeris. Quisque sibi magistri vicem supplet et 5
auditoris.

CoUegia tamen hic duo. Scepticorum unum; qui
nec oculis nec auribus suis fidendum censent, nec id
unum statuere audent se nihil statuere audere. Surripe
cuiquam istorum nummum aut panem aut pannum, 10
statim ambigit num tale quid unquam habuerit prius.
Colaphum impinge, quamlibet irata manu ; dubitat num
acceperit vel num se iam sentiat accepisse. Alloquere,
asta, tange ; audit, videt, sentit ; dubius tamen interea,
ne fallaces sensus mentiantur. 15

Alterum vero Novatorum; totos enim se dedunt
isti rebus novis disquirendis, novisque urbium vestium
ludorum gestuum rerum publicarum formis cudendis
operam dant. Quisquis iucundius aliquod ludi genus
aut inauditam vestis formam excogitarit, a duce pro 20
dignitate rei promovetur. Qui bullas primus, ex saliva
et smegmate compositas, insuflflato calamo, excitavit,
non minus illic celebris est quam vel bombardarum
inventor vel Moguntinus ille typographiae auctor apud
Europaeos. Hi magno in pretio sunt aulicis, Moroniae 35
praesertim FeHcis, qui eorum consilio vestes omnes
concinnant, componunt gestus.

Quin et isti novam sibi linguam fabricarunt; quam
Supermonicam appellant magistri, solis doctioribus
adhuc cognitam. 30

Praefectus coUegii erat Bustius Hohenheimius, pre-
cipuus novae linguae architectus. Haud scio tamen
num haec nova huc usque obtinuerit an locum cesserit

58 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iii

alteri, cusae fortassis nuperius. Quicquid erit, liberavi
ego fidem praemonendo.

CaP. IV. ASPERA MORONIA

SuB ipso polo, in Australis Terrae ei^iremo apice,
Aspera Moronia locum sortita est, jregio montosa,
5 petrosa, gelu perpetuo constrida, quippe quae caelo
fruitur sicco et frigidissinio.

Duos sub se Ducatos continet, amplos hercle magis
quam felices, Lyperiam, quam alii Maninconicam terram
nuacupjittt, et Orgiliam.

Sect. I. Lyperiae Dux: Populus

10 Lyperiae dux, ' Le Grand Chagrin ' a suis cognomi-
natus, homo morosus tetricusque, populo praesidet sui
quidem non minus simili quam a reliquis Moronis
discrepanti.

Palatium illi ingens Cordolium e gagate magnifice

1 5 constructum, in cuius vestibulo, rubris characteribus,
exaratum est

Maerentum locus est; procul hinc discedite laeti.

Incolae plerique hispidi, macilenti, inculti, colore

fusco, crine nigro, cute dura et aspera, fronte torva,

30 neglecta veste, vultu tristi, oculis cum stupore quodam

fixis, nec se facile moventibus, introrsum vero demissis,

ac veluti in cavis maxillarum tumulis iam diu sepultis.

Nemo urbem hic quaerat aut pagum. Incolae sub

. terra semper habitant, leporum more, vitamque degunt

25 plane eremiticam, partim quod ita natura sua suspiciosi

ac meticulosi sunt ut proximos non ferant, partim quod

edicto Ducis cautum est ne quis aut intra conspectum

CAP. iv] MORONIA 59

alterius dotnus, aut intra certa milliaria aedium sibi
ponat fundamenta.

Rarissime quidem exeunt : sive id propter densissimas
tenebras, quae hic fere perpetuae sunt, sive decreto
principis fiat, seu sponte sua potius, quod se domestica 5
solitudine malint oblectare, Rarius tamen obvium
quempiam salutant vel alloquuntur, sic enim se habet
legis suae sententia : ' Antequam necessum est, ne pro-
deunto ; neminem in via, nisi die lovis, salutanto/ Adi
quemquam istorum : pulta fores : sero respondet hospes, 10
et iracunde, quippe molestissime ferunt novi hospitis
aspectum.

Quaeris quid agant vel quo tandem modo aetatem
terant. Sane imaginando et fingendo nunquam facta,
nunquam futura, credendo quae finxerint, prosequendo 15
quae crediderint; quae ratio est cur ita horreant
aspectum nolintque interpellari.

Alius se iam diu mortuum putat, seque velut frigidum
cadaver imo in pavimento protei^um sternit.~

Alius se talpam ima^natus, degit in cubili subterraneo, 20
vermes venaturus, rostroque probe calceato terram suflfo-
dit : ubi vero aliquis illum insecutus vel acicula pupu-
gerit, statim (prorsus enim sibi videtur. more talparum
caecutire ut neque virum nec ferrum dignoscat) furca
ratus talparia transfodi se exclamat miselre seque parat 25
patibulo.

Alius Atlantem fingit grave caelorum onus sibi im-
posuisse : stat ergo immobilis suspirans saepissime, et
nunc tollens humerum, nunc deprimens.

Alia Megaeram se opinata, vel Furiarum quampiam, 30
terret hospitem saevis gestibus: capillos suos quasi
totidem angues quatit, sibilat, et ungues intentat ad-
venientibus ; nacta vero catellum aut soricem excruciat

6o MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iii

quantum potest; animamque se peccatoris torquere
rata, quod Aiax olim insaniens arietibus fecisse dicitur,
poenis et querelis miseri animalis semet admodum con-
solatur.
5 Alius nasum sentiens ultra modum excrevisse lora
consuit, quibus a tergo revinctum excipiat.

Alius argillaceus sibi totus videtur vitreusve ; procul
ergo devitat obvios, veritus ne, si forsan in quem
violentius impegerit, illico confringatur.

Sect. 2

10 Ab Ochietto Monte, Larmium salsum Flumen oritur,
rigatque maximam huius provinciae partem. Sed et
regionem hanc totam pertranseunt Montes Traurigii,
ut Italiam Apennini ; qui horrorem fere incutiunt dira
quadam solitudine, nihil enim hic conspicies praeter

15 ursorum antra et tuguriola sagarum, Abundat istic
utrumque malarum bestiarum genus. Ursus, animal
vere melancholicum, per hiemem totam in obscurissima
cavea delitescit pedesque sibi lambendo vivit. Sagae
decrepitae aniculae et impotentes attritis dentibus,

20 quae omnia se posse putant vel tantillum mussitando,
ciere tempestates, rivos sistere, mederi morbis, exci-
tare mortuos: ipsae tamen interim prae mera fame
moriuntur.

Montium istorum latus umbrosum operit Bubonia

ag Silva, spectris, uti ferunt vicini, perpetuo infestata ac
mort^ibus invia.

Lycanthropicos per hanc silvam passim discurrentes
videbis ; territusque plus satis, ni istorum morem vocis-
que fraudem praenoveris, audies ululantes.

30 . Sed et in Valle Gramia, montibus hisce subiacente,
oberrant pluriml, quos princeps sagarum Melaena in

CAP. IV] MORONIA 6i

leones asinosque transformasse dicitur, ita taftien ut
humanam illis et vocem et faciem concesserit.

Cap. V. Orgilia, alter Ducatus Asperae

MORONIAE

Vicina Orgilia est ; terra arida, arenosa, sterilis,
quae gentem producit iracundam, furiosam, rabidam,
statura ceteris minorem,. pallida facie, crine rubro, 5
oculis scintillantibus, tremente labio, incerto gressu,
sed plerumque concitato.

Huic praeest ' Dux de Courroux,' tyrannorum omnium
et exemplar et Coryphaeus. Mirabitur nec credet lector
narranti, quid ille iubeat, quid agat, quamque impe- 10
tuose suos plectat. Celebris ille quondam Russorum
tyrannus mitis homo ac mansuetus prae isto mihi visus,
et qui primorum Caesarum, immo et Patagonum cruoris
sitientissimus.

Quin et istic forsan haesitabit incredulus rerum inda- 15
gator, explorator terrarum; neque, cum caeli ingenio
soleant incolarum mores conformari, sibi sinet persua-
deri regionem hanc polarem, pro loci situ intensissime
frigidam, tam calidae ac cholericae prolis matrem unquam
exstitisse. At novimus sat bene philosophi, eo veri- ao
similius hoc ex oppositione posse fieri, quo caelum
frigidius: neque illud quisquam stupere poterit qui
noverit Africam, regionum torridis^imam, gelidissimas
serpentes generare.

Nemo horum prodit unquam non onustus armis: ut, 25
cui vestis parum fortasse suppetat, nullum tamen arma-
turae genus desit. Idem homo, non maximus, quasi
conductitius Martis baiulus, dextro quidem humerp
bombardam, sinistro fustem, ex altero latere gladium,

62 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iii

imgionem ex altero, arcum pharetramque a tergo gestat
quaqua proficiscitur : quisquis obviam venit eunti, ni
procul cedat via, ad pugnam se paret vel ad mortem
necesse est. Rarum iter est sine vulnere aut caede;

5 et quem semel interfecerit quis, voracissime dilaniat ;
vescuntur enim cruda carne semper, saepius humana,
quam inter dapes maxime opiparas numerant.

Leges ibi nullae: vi et armis omnia decernuntur.-
Iniuriam passus aut ulciscitur aut succumbit. Uni-

locum hoc Valet, petitum ex antiquo iure, 'vince et

FRUERE.'

Duello licet vd vindictam petere, vel suum repetere,
vel rapere alieiiumi

Sedes ducali^ Tarocchium est, urbs irigens sed lignea

15 tota; quam nec ex alia materia strui sinet tyrannus, ne
non satis commode possit, ubi cives deliquerint, pro suo
arbitrio incendi. Nemo hic habitat praeter fabros
ferrarios, carnifices, lanios: in quorum officinis pro-
pehdent pernae humanae, non secus ac apud nos suillae

2oaut vitulinae. Hanc lambit Zornus Fluvius rapidis-
simus, quem aiunt hieme media, pro more fontium,
incalescere et halitus edere maleolentes.

luxta tyranni aula est, ardua quidem et excelsa,
monti praealto superaedificata, quem ipsi Calavernium

25 vocant ; feruntque ex craniis humanis congestum ad

hoc tandem fastigium crevisse. Latericio tamen illa

et alto muro circumdata ; vivit enim ille semper dubius

. suorum fidei, mavultque ferratis portis quam suorum

amori et observantiae confidere.

30 Stipatum hunc ferunt degem niillibus carnificum qui
omnes huius et irae inserviunt et palato. Si quis pere-
grinus, rerum ignarus, huc fortassis appulerit, statim
res fisci est apponiturque duci cenae caput ; quo genere-

CAP.v] MORONIA 63

non minus delectatur ille, quam nostri qualibet ave rara
vel pisce. Agitur tamen cum illis benignius qui tantum
animi gratia palatique, non ob crimea afiqood cdm-
missum, trucidantur; quibi» disitar potestas quodcunque
malint mortis genus eligendi, ferrone perire malint an 5
capistro»

Huius in palatio nihil tam celebre est quam Sacellum
Inquisitorium, aedes sacra Furiis ac Diis Infernalibus ;
quorum omnium statuae, e gagate et coralio, horribili
figura sculptae, et visuntur et adorantur. Hic omhia 10
cernes et cruciatuum genera et mortium : centum pati-
bula, nec pauciores rotas Ixioneas, secures, gladios,
furcas, funes, fustes, et semesas aerugine bombardas;
ut satis constet istis priusquam yel Europaeis vel
Chinensibus machinae huius letalis usum innotuisse, 15
Mille hic fumant altaria igne perenni, in quibus indies
litatur Inferis et Duci.

Incolae semper fere cursitant in via ; semper anhelant
sudantque.

Duas res hic miraberis, Lector. Neminem videbis«ao
non aut mancum aut mutilum ; inter quos ille detnum
formae palmam obtinet, cui facies maxime fuerit cica-
tricosa, Senem hic videbis neminem, vix enim cui-
quam contigit horum ad mediam usque hominis aetatem
superesse. 35

Sed cave fallaris, Lector. Haec ego auditione accepi
sola, non ausus intueri cor^m ; et memineram id quod
Gallus ille olim toties mihi a nobilissimo et ingeniosis-
simo Baconio inculcatum dixit, 'II faut mdnager
la vie.* Aspera nimis erat haec Moronia, quam ut me 30
ferret hospitem. Mansi ego, salva et bene curata cute,
Pazzivillae, satius mihi ratus in hoc negotio credere ^
quam experiri. '""■].

64 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. m

Cap. VI. MoRONiA Fatua

NuLLA Moroniae pars tam antiqua vel tam numerosa
est quam haec quae Fatua vulgo nuncupatur, cuius
incolae aborigines se Moronos venditant. Haec itaque
non aliter regionum mater audit quam urbium Pazzi-
5 villa ; ac proinde in medio, quasi tam lepidi corporis
umbilicus, locum habet. Nam ab austro Aspera Moronia,
ab oriente Mobilis, ab occidente Pia, a septentrione
Felix, hanc mediam cingit quaquaversum.

Pars australior Scioccia magis ignava est ac pituito-
10 sa : illa, quae aquilonem respicit, multo et operosior
' et rerum agendarum peritior.

Ni testis oculatus fuissem morum factorumque stupi-
dissimae gentis, non credidissem hercule naturam tam
brutis animalculis rationem, divinissimum munus, indul-
15 sisse. Omnes enim illa in parte quae Maninconicam
Moroniam attingit more quadrupedum incedunt proni ;
nec, quae illis mira simplicitas, aliud genus ingressus
cognoverunt

Hic ne tuguriolum quidem ullum cernes: partim,
30 quod ipsi domunculas sibi parare nesciunt, partim vero
quod ab alio structas ingrec}! non audent ne tecti ruentis
mole supprimantur.

Multi hic quotannis prae mera inedia ac frigore
moriuntur; quippe qui nec cibum coquere, nec vestem
35 concinnare, nec sternere lectum, immo ne congrue
quidem eloqui norint. Nemo parentem suum novit
aut filium aut uxorem ; nemo redeundi viam qua prius
^essus est, nemo ursum ab ove, leonem a catello di-
stinguit. Immo sunt qui ignorant qua tandem via
30 cibum sibi paratum stomacho ingerant, per nares an
per aures aut si quod aliud minus aptum foramen.

capIvi] MORONIA 65

Sect. 2. Baveria

Pars reliqua, Baveria, ingeniosior est, digniorque et
viatoris pedibus.et oculls fastidiosi lectoris.

Populus enim sagacissimus sibi visus rerum omnium
causas subtilius indagatur, nec nisi altius petitis ratio-
num momentis acquiescit. 5

Ab incunabulis monoculi sunt omnes : quippe statim
a partu oculus alter velut superfluus eruitur; quod
clausa semper altera palpebrarum et distinctius cerna-
mus et intentius.

Pars nuda incedit ut induendi et exuendi parcant 10
labori simul et tempori. Pars tecta sibi parat, sed
absque septo vel pariete, ut aedes eo magis sint per-
spirabiles ac proinde salubriores. Pars nidos sibi
struunt avicularum more altissimos, ut caelo sint
viciniores. 15

Omnes et opinionum et operum singularitatem mire
sectantur.

Horum quidam, auram captantes popularem, vix pro-
fecto credenda moliuntur. Nam quosdam videbis capite
incedentes ac brachiis ; alios alis plumisque cera iunctis ao
instructos audaci volatu alites Daedaleo more imita-
turos; alios prodigia naturae artisque hianti popello
gloriosius ostentantes ; alios denique arte pol bene
lucrosa, e vilissimo metallorum aurum educentes;
rideres profecto horum operosam stultitiam,,spem toties 35
elusam, toties redintegratam.

Ex istis quosdam audio adiisse pridem oraculum, de
tam dubio difficillimi negotii eventu sciscitaturos ; quibus
illico Pythius, ' Travaillez.* Discedunt alacri animo con-
sultores sibique iam annuisse deum gloriantur ; per- 30
duntque iterum ac denuo repetitam operam et cum

F

66 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iii

opera facultates ; nec intelligunt se tempestive a praescio
numihe admonitos ut, Vulcania hac fraude iam sero
spreta, marrae insudarent ac ligoni.

Sect. 3. Metropolis Moroniae Fatuae, scilicet
Baveriae: Pazzivilla

Urbium omnium domina Pazzivilla est, sita quidem
5 partim in planitie uliginosa et palustri, partim vero in
montis editioris latere.

Montosa pars valli nivem suppeditat, vallis monti
aquam in puteis stagnisque diutius reservatam.

Portas habet sedecim, quas eo consilio struxisse
loaiunt fundatores ut quadruplo ditiorem aliis haberent
civitatem,

Forma non rotunda sed ad effigiem humani corporis
composita.

In ipso montis vertice forum coUocatur ; quippe quod
15 caput urbis est, sensumque et vitam reliquis ministrat.
Quae res quantum laboris facessat baiulis, dum supel-
lectilem quamcunque, praesertim dolia maiuscula vino
vel cervisia plena, contra declive collis dorsum im-
pellunt, coniecta, Lector, et ride. Videreris tibi centum
2ovidere Sisyphos, vano nisu saxum provolventes : qui
fortassis ubi ad umbilicum usque montis, magno conatu,
anheli sudantesque ascenderint, alterius dolii decurrentis
impetuosissimo concursu non sine periculo repelluntur,

Hic habitant gravissimi et honoratissimi senatores;
35 qui hinc, velut e specula, totam urbem commodissime
possunt intueri.

Cervix huic adiuncta est viculus brevis et angustus,
lictorum sedes et bedellorum.

Pro trunco huius urbici corporis platea latior paulo

CAP. VI] MORONIA 67

et excelsior, hospitiis destinata, quae ad lumbos usque
porrigitur.

Crura et pedes duos ad mediam vallem protensos
baiuli sortiuntur ac viatores.

Aedificia sibi struunt excelsissima senatores, ut quo 5
caelum propius attigerint eo magis incalescant et in-
feriorem hanc terrae aerisque inclementiam efFugiant.

Sect. 4. Senatus Pazzivillanus

Me illic agente consilium ceperunt senatores, quibus
potissimum modis ad urbis dignitatem, vel amoenitatem,
vel denique securitatem, fieri posset accessio. 10

Alius aliud suasit pro sua quisque facultate et
prudentia.

Primus quidem mare illuc per multa milliaria perque
medios montes, civium industria, deducendum; cuius
proximitate urbes alias mirum in modum ditatas ipse 15
animadvertisset.

Alius monte novo aliquanto altiore cingi urbem
mavult civium manibus e subiacente valle eruendo.

Exsurgit alius : si benevoli cives sibi monitori au-
scultare vellent, id sibi longe optimum videri ut una- 20
quaeque domus, pro mole sua, pyramidem sibi altiorem
erigeret ; cuius apici summo gallus aeneus argenteusve,
aurea crista insignis, quavis aura versatilis, insideret : in
unaquaque pyramide horologium collocaretur, singulis
horologiis campanula adiungeretur. Nec dici posse, 25
quam elegans ac iucundum spectaculum tam frequens
excelsarum pyramidum series adventantibus peregrinis
videretur ; quamque per horas aurem del^nitura esset
tot tintinnabulorum iugiter sonantium harmonia.

Acclamatum est uno statim ore tam commodae, 30

F2

68 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iii

facili, gravi, altiusque petitae sententiae: ut iam dein-
ceps hospes quisquis, mea secutus vestigia, illo eris in
posterum peregrinatus, urbem sis longe elegantiorem
cultioremque invisurus.

Sect. 5. Spesius Tractus

5 Spesius Tractus huic adiacet, olim ditissimus ; in quo
nil celebre vidi, praeter Saltum Actaeonium, Cubaeam
urbem, et Milanam.

Incolae bonorum certe omnes profusissimi sunt;
viasque excogitant quicquid habent ingeniosius prodi-

10 gendi : quidam enim cani venatico, alii vero accipitri
aut milvo, alii cubo eburneo chartaeve pictae ampla
insumunt patrimonia: immo ubi sola vestis suppetit,
hanc vel hastae subiiciunt vel deponunt coUybistae, ut
habeant quo voluptatem suam instructius insequantur.

15 Sed regio haec num ad Fatuam Moroniam an Felicem
pertineat mihi quidem incertum est.

Ubi nihil superest, vel quadris victitant alienis vel de
publico forsan aluntur.

lUic parentes nostris, ut videtur, indulgentiores filiis

2ovix dum.adultis integrum demandant patrimonium; et
moribundi uxoribus plerique rem totam familiarem,
agros, supellectilem, neglecta prole legare solent : quod
si illae vita priores excesserint, tantum insumunt funeri
quantum filiae coUocandae inserviret.

Sect. 6. LisoNicA Gens

25 Pro vestibulo FeUcis Moroniae sedet Gens Lisonica,
omnium quas vidi prodigiosissima ; bifrons, bilinguis,
ex antica parte simiam postica canem referens, ut ex
homine, cane, simia tota composita videatun

cAP. vi] MORONIA 69

Nata quidem ad serviendum ; pars maxima se
generosioribus vicinae gentis volentes vendunt aut
emancipant.

Etsi vero tam stupidi sunt ut nihil ipsi possint laude
dignum excogitare, optime tamen norunt quicquid 5
usquam viderint imitari : nec quidquam aut induunt aut
agunt aut loquuntur, cuius exemplar sibi aliquod non
proposuerint. Me illic agente claudicabant altero pede
omnes, et inter incedendum usque screabant ; eo quod
praefectus Lisoniae Ciniflonius crus sibi fregisset 10
pridem et catarrho diuturniore laboraret.

Horum plerique tonsores, sartores, pararii sunt.
Sunt quidam, ut aiunt, inter hos et aulici, habitu non
contemnendi: nec quis profecto Hispanorum mimus est
prae istis Lisonicis. 15

Alloquere et intuere quempiam; is incurvato prius •
genu et exosculata dextra, ultimam clausulae vocem
reduplicat ; vultuque renidens, quicquid tibi gratum fore •
retur, blande regerit, non tamen sine immensa titulorum
congerie : osculo dein altero claudens sibi labia, pendet 20
ab oculis tuis, anxius ut tibi responsum arriserit. Tu
modo istis annue et perge fari ; quicquid dixeris, velut
oraculum datum divinitus in tabellas refert, caelum
suspicit, teque pronus veneratur.

Deum non agnoscunt isti praeter illum cui se ad- 35
dixerint in servitutem. Hunc aris, geniculationibus,
precibus colunt supplices.

Hoc in tractu offert se prima omnium Loverium, urbs
alta et spectabilis ; sed tam parum solide constructa, ut
sperare nequeat diuturnitatem. 30

£t vicina huic Babillarda, villa stridula, cuius incolae
nunquam tacent.

Assurgunt hinc montes, seque ipsi exsuperant usque

70 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iii

ad Chatovillam, pagum sane inclitum, cuius incolae
nunquam non rident.

Cap. VII. MoRONiA Felix

MoRONiA vere Felix, sive amoenitatem sive opulen-
tiam spectes, australiorum regionum facile principatum
5 obtinet. Quod si quantum prae se fert divitiarum .
tantum revera possideret, vereor ne huic Aquilonari
etiam orbi palmam praeriperet; sed istis mos est et
quae non habent simulare, quaeque habent ostentare
gloriosius.
10 Urbes hic non tam frequentes quam altae nitidaeque,
fabrica tamen valde tenui ; et quicquid externo splen-
dore pollicentur, intrinsecus nimium sordidae.

Hic, qua parte Rodomontadii Colles inaequale dorsum
viatoribus calcandum praebent, Vantarole Urbs est,
15 superba aedificiis sed ad mendicitatem indiga.

Alteram orbiculi huius Moronici partem occupat

Antoia Urbs, incendiis ita nimis obnoxia ut ne vetus

Roma quidem tam saepe flagraverit; quod partim ex

civium negligentia partim ex aedium oleosa materia

20 evenire credibile est.

SeCT. 2. MORES POPULI

Nemo hic non se nobilem gloriatur, statuas atavorum,
et insignia, nec non immensam prosapiae suae seriem,
etiam ab annorum ante orbem conditum decem milibus
derivatam ostentans. Vidi istic praelongas quorundam
25 porticus, cognationis stirpisque suae rectis, obliquis,
transversis lineolis depictas; quorum tamen avos
vicinia sartores, carbonarios, equisones agnoverit.

CAP. vii] MORONIA 71

Nec quisquam nobilium est, quos Scogidos appel-
lant, quin praedia etiam habeat suburbana, colonis
quibusdam (Vellacos vocant vulgo) elocata ; servis vero
plerique Lisonicis utuntur.

Victu et praetenui et vilissimo contenti sunt ipsi Sen- 5
naladii, nobilium generosissimi. Sunt tamen ex his
qui, semel in anno, sub finem forte Decembris, convivia
quidem agitant splendidissima, magno cum apparatu et
hospitum numero et ferculorum, ut uni huic festo
reditus fere omnes insumere necesse sit ; deinceps 10
vero quod superest, ita genium defraudant ut paene
mera se fame enecent.

Horum cuivis non arca, non* fundus tantum valet,
quantum gladius et quod gerit amiculum. Non desunt
ex istis, qui centum pluresve Mangeguadagnos (ii servi 15
sunt) alunt vestiuntque. Quicquid habent tamen, cum
mutuum non possunt, sumunt fenore; vestesque suas
a parario conducunt in diem. Vidi et qui stabulum
sibi struxerit vere regium, e longe conquisitis lapidibus
columnis marmoreis, multoque ebore concinnatum, ipse 20
vero interea tuguriolum humile, angustum, caespititium
habitarit.

Nomina sibi longissima fingunt, sed et titulos omnes,
non uno spiritu contenti, compositione frequenti cumu-
lant. 25

Plumae hic praesertim longiores, quas Spruzzolias
vocant, non minoris fiunt quam pelles apud hodiernas
Moscovitas. Aliqui praeterea campanulas argenteas
calcaneis appendunt ; quae, ad singula vestigia clare re-
sonantes, oculos ad se vocant praetereuntium auresque 30
demulcent.

Pauci illi, qui generis ignobilitatem non possunt
diflSteri, excelso tamen animo sunt, et altissima sapiunt.

72 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iii

Unum inter reliqua stupebam istic, nec immerito,
incolas plerosque non pane, non cibo, sed fumo herbae
non bene plentis, nec hercle salutaris, victitare ; quem
ore quidem excipiunt, naribus egerunt, ut ex istis tot

5 interim caminos facere videantur. Morem hunc nescio
hercle num ab Indis Moroni an Indi ab istis didicerint.
Sunt qui Indos quosdam Torrida-Zonios auctores fuisse
putant tam clari suffitus, ut intus etiam nigrescerent :
perplacuit his scilicet suus color, nec aequum vide-

10 batur ut eiusdem corporis interior pars ab extima
colore variaret. Id scio, dum nares implentur ex-
hauriri loculos, et plurima hinc generosiorum patri-
monia in fumos exhalasse et e domini sui naso turpiter
evolasse.

Sect. 3. MoRONiAE Felicis Paradisus

15 NiHiL habet ulla Moroniae pars, fortasse nequidem
noster orbis, tam nobile tam pulchrum quam Felicis
Moroniae Paradisum : mirandum hercle opus, et cuius
unius aspectus tanti itineris et taedium satis levarit et
sumptus abunde compensarit. •

ao Perstringit a longe oculos mons rutilus, totusque (sic
enim vel est vel, quod tantundem valet, videtur) aureus,
aggestus olim opere uti ferunt chymistico. Qui tamen,
si lubet ferro metalli robur experiri, in pulverem illico
evanescit ; si flamma, in fumum.

25 Cuius in fastigio, castrum splendet crystallinum, arte
non humana, sicut existimant accolae, concretum;
etenim ferunt Fortunam e caelo quondam deorumque
numero exterminatam, hanc sibi sedem terreni ad instar
caeli posuisse : hic bonum numen beare mortales auxilio

CAP. vii] MORONIA 73

presentiaque, tamque larga manu profundere inex-
haustas munificentiae opes ut, quicquid demum credula
saltem mente quis bonus petierit, satque diu exspectarit,
non possit non aliquando impetrare.

Convolant huc ex omnibus terrae plagis nullius non 5
aetatis, sexus, conditionis homines, ex pia tamen
Moronia frequentissimi : nec quis fere est in toto hoc
orbe adeo vel impotens vel eximius quin aliquando
montem hunc et conspexerit et, ubi licuit, ascenderit.
' Semel/ enim, ' insanivimus omnes.' 10

Strati iacent in valle innumeri clientes, non secus ac
globuli candidiores obducunt semitas, ubi grandinaverit,
nutum Bonae Deae religiose praestolati. Nec fas cui-
quam audaci pede sacrum collem premere donec, albo
vexillo a Sacerdotibus Castellanis extenso, otium ac 15
voluntatem suam Diva significaverit. Dumque nimium
festinant, alter alteri viam obstruit, nec dici potest
quantae hinc rixae saepius oriantur, immo et pugnae
parum aliquando siccae: nam praeire volunt omnes,
nemo cedere meliori. Premunt astantes : praecedenti- 20
bus invident : remotioribus illudunt.

Vidi istic laterum fortassis infirmiorum quosdam, qui
in hac valle paene senuerint ; quibus nec adhuc datur
ingrediendi licentia.

Quid rei agant hi omnes rogitas, Lector, et miraris. 25
Certe convocavit omnes habendi cupiditas, retinuit spes,
nempe vota facturos quosque ut, Divae beneficio, exop-
tato tandem bono potiri liceat. Notavi hic alium negatos
precaturum amores; alium pacem rhodo domesticam;
alium honores ; divitias alium, alium patrui, nimis 30
iam longaevi, funus. Sedebat hic prope portam super-
ciliosus quidam rerum dominus, novissimae proximam,
uti ferunt, monarchiam petiturus : hic deformes quae-

74 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iii

dam virgunculae, formae gratiam ; illic anus rugosae
redivivam sperabant adolescentiam ; illic serva liberta-
tem : omnes aliquid, singuli aliud meditabantur.

Signo iam dato qui possunt dant sese in viam, mon-

5 tem non pedibus (scilicet hoc piaculo est) sed manibus
genubusque conscensuri.

Medium iam montem magno cum labore assecutos
blandius excipit unus e sacerdotibus, nomen sciscitatus
et patriam ; quod semel acceptum, te interim consistente,

lo voce stentorea pronuntiat : partim ut socios suos
ipsumque adeo numen praemoneat quos qualesque sint
hospites habituri; partim ut intelligat priusquam pro-
pius accesseris, consulto prius numine, num sat tecum
attuleris fidei et puritatis.

15 Nam si paulo impurior ac depressior graviore mali
sarcina istuc concesseris, conscia satis Diva rubro te
vexillo monet in coenobiolum (loculis purgandis iuxta
positum) relegari : hic asservabere donec leviore cru-
mena, mundiore anima, fueris ad reliquum itineris con-

20 ficiendum comparatior.

Quod si nomen forte placuerit, plumbeo te signo satis
instructum mittit auspicato, tribus tamen hisce verbis
tibi in aurem solenni more prius obmurmuratis, * Spera,
Crede, Exspecta.'

25 Pergis laeto alacrique animo ; cumque ipsos fere
palatii gradus attigeris limen ferreum se ofFert, cui
inscriptum : —

Fortunam si avide vorare pergas,
Illam ut male concoquas necesse est.

30'' Huius angustissimos aditus torvus ianitor aliquam-
diu praecludit ; qui tamen mercede facile mitescit aperit-
qu^ytibi non tam portam quam foramen; cui ubi tu

\

CAP. vii] MORONIA 75

te pronus insinuaveris multo nisu, en tibi aedes fere
caelestium aemulas, auro margaritisque quaquaversum
renidentes, quarum externa facies nihil infra felicitatem
polliceri videtur.

Sacerdotum habitus, officia, ritus, templive formam, 5
ne nimius sim, prudens omitto.

Tandem, vacat enim per aliquod tempus omnia con-
tueri, accedit alter flaminum manumque prehendit, et
simul oculos faciemque totam linteo velamine revincit,
per multas ambages occaecatum ducens hospitem, quo- 10
quo lubet, sed uti creduli homines opinantur in tem-
plum Bonae Deae: scilicet profanis oculis non licet
numinis maiestatem conspicari.

Provolvi hic iuberis in faciem, sacrumque pavimentum
deosculari, nec movere manum pedemve donec te Diva 15
nominatim compellaverit : tum quicquid volueris au-
dacter profari; quicquid illa iusserit, satagere absque
vel mora vel diflSdentia; factumque iri, quantumvis
arduum, quod flagitaveris.

Sed quae religionis tantae merces est ? inquis : aut 20
quis cultus huiusce exitus ?

Ridendus hercle. Illusum est singulis probe, arte
quidem multiplici, sed adhuc tam clancularia ut, licet
inopes dimittantur singuli, malint tamen suam quisque
sive inertiam sive incredulitatem quam fidem numinis 25
criminari.

Facto semel voto illa benigne annuit. Et in primis
iubet supplicem post horas aliquot Sacram ut appellat,
Potiunculam ebibere ; qiia sordes animae ultra abluan-
tur ipseque dignior fiat, qui exoptatam felicitatem re- 30
portet. Deinceps etiam procumbat aliquamdiu, donec
ipsa denuo fuerit allocuta : tum vocem observet sedulo
ac iussa capessat alacer ; nec dubitet quin voti conipos

76 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iii

illico sit evasurus. Tantum ubi omnia ex animi sen-
tentia successerint, credat eodem in statu in aeternum
permansura, gratoque animo numinis beneficentiam
recordetur. *

5 Acceptum iam calicem absorbet hospes lubentissime ;
suavissimumque sacri liquoris gustum tacite sibi laudat,
nesciens interea poculum revera soporiterum sibi pro-
pinari, mulso, papavere, opio, lactucis, atque id genus
herbis medicatum : cuius haustu consopitus illico non

loSecus ac cadaver aliquod a vespillonibus hac illac in
palatium asportatur. Denique intuentium cachinnis
exceptus diu, sistitur tandem in cubiculo lectoque ele-
gantissimo, ornato, more regio, eburneis quidem tabu-
latis, aurea contignatione, stragulis pretiosissimis. In

15 limine ministri collocantur, edepol cultissimi, torquibus
anulisque more aulico insigniti, exspectaturi donec
Endymion iste novus, quod post triduum plerumque fit,
evigilaverit. Qui demum expergefactus circumspicit
attonitus, loci et formam et pretium habitusque mini-

aostrorum nunquam satis miratus; dum servi omnes,
ordine suo, flexis genibus, experrectum salutant Regem,
faustumque diem precantur : quodque malit hodie vestis
genus officiose percontantun Tandemque afferunt in-
finiti paene pretii vestimenta,

25 Dant digitis gemmas, dant longa monilia collo;

et obsitum margaritis diadema capiti imponunt. Indu-
siato denique ac patagiato, ub? prandendi tempus insti-
terit mensam dapalem ac munificam instruunt. Specta-
culis, ludis, musicoque concentu, reliquum diei consu-
50 munt, Quin et cenatur adhuc apparatu magis, si fieri
potest, regio. Clauditur autem inscio cena eodem ipso

CAP. viij MORONIA 77

poculo, quo gravissimus ille sopor pridem inductus est :
unde bonus ille rex ephemeruSj

lain simul expletus dapibus vinoque sepultus,

per posticum efiertur foras habituque proprio, sed
aliquantulum foedatiore, in trivio miser exponitur. Ubi 5
cum ad se redierit, rursum stupet quis et ubi sit fuerit-
que pridem: ac revolvens animo nuperam modoque
amissam beatitudinem, eiulat misere, semet incusans
sive inertiae, quod Divae tam praesentis vocem, prout in
mandatis habuisse meminit, non auscultaverit, vel in- 10
gratiae, quod, tam inopina dignitate nimis elatus, donantis
munificentiam neglexerit Cedit ergo lacrimans queri-
tansque, et id unum in ore habet animoque, ' Fuimus
Troes.* Hortatur reliquos ut pergant seque praebeant
Divae morigeros ; omnium se mortalium fuisse pridem 15
felicissimum, sua solius culpa excidisse : unde alii aus-
picatiora $ibi omnia pollicentes magis adhuc prori-
tantur

Cap. VIII. . PiA MoRONiA. Credulium et Doxia

Ab occidente Moroniam Felicem ac Fatuam claudit
Pia, regio quidem suopte ingenio satis ferax ac elegans, 20
maxime tamen squalens incuria dominorum. Nam ubi
duas in partes tribui solet, Credulium et Doxiam,
priorem longeque ampliorem qui colunt ita toti ritus
quosdam putidos ac ridiculos sapiunt, ut suorum om-
nium curam abiicere Deo dignum opus existiment 25

Nemo hic lacertam terrae possidet; omnes enim se
Coenobitis Morosophis manciparunt agrosque paternos
aris focisque divorum consecrarunt.

78 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iii

Verbo dicam ; quatuor hic aedium genera conspexi :
Templa, Coenobia, Proseuchas, Tuguriola; nam prae-
ter religiosos vel mendicant omnes vel serviunt.

Religioni cuidam devotissimi omnes sunt : quid ta-
5 men cuive Deo credant nescire profitentur, negligunt
disquirere. Sat illis est maiorum vestigia sequi.

Templa quidem habent cultissima: in agris tamen
cuivis lapidi ac ligno supplices prosternuntur, globulos-
que ligneos et sucineos agitant.
10 Non tot istic capita quot divi (paucos, prae istis,
annumeravit Varro veteribus Romanis), qui fere omnes
lapidei, lignei, farinacei ; non desunt tamen qui equos,
sues, canes, in hoc albo reponant.

Quod ab Aegyptiis olim factitatum legimus, hic ubique
15 comperimus, superstitum aedes negligi, honestari funus
ac monumenta mortuorum. Novimus octingentas libras
uni non maximo funeri insumptas.

Hic ego me sepultum volo : caveoque testamento istuc

delatum curent heredes ; comitesque mihi adiungi cupio,

ao quotquot peregrinationem hanc meam vel damnant vel

plus aequo mirantur vel sibi posthac imitandam pro-

posuerint.

Nam praeter taedas, incensationes per circuitum,
oscula, campanularum sonum, aspersiones, quae animae
35 pridem exauctoratae non parum prodesse putantur,
parafrenariis duobus illud ex lege loci incumbit ut
duobus flabellis ex serico nigro, insignibus mortui
depicto, muscas a cadavere arceant; etiamsi tempus
hiemale sit, quando muscae omnes non minus quam
30 cadaver mortuae iacent.

Sed, quod quis magis stupeat, in Urbe Maravilla
certum est lapides audire, lacrimari, ridere, pedem
porrigere ac retrahere, sanare morbos, sanguinem

CAP. viii] MORONIA 79

emittere, ac nihil non quotidie praestare, quod a quo-
vis vel hominum vel Daemonum fieri possit.

Sect. 2. Doxia: altera Moroniae Piae Provincia

DoxiA, pars altera, varietatem plurimam ostentat,
elegantiae parum. Nulla hic villa nuUa domus ad
alterius formam construitur : singulae novam quamque 5
maxime fieri potest a reliquis discrepantem adfectant.

Liceat mihi monere orbis universi dominos, reges,
imperatores, modo suae paci ac ipsorum saluti probe
consultum velint, haereticos omnes, pacis publicae
iuratos hostes ac perturbatores, huc relegent. lo

Cap. IX. Status Civitatis Moronicae

Urbium quidem singularum regimen medium est inter
aristocraticum et democraticum. Eligit sibi populus
quem mavult senatorum numerum ; qui neque annuum
gerunt, neque perpetuum magistratum, sed pro eli-
gentis plebeculae arbitrio praesunt praesidentque. Si 15
quem habent nimiae fortassis prudentiae suspectum,
hunc statim ostracismo severiore e suis finibus eiiciunt.

LIBER QUARTUS

LAVERNIA
Cap. I. Situs Laverniae

Lavernia ab occidente Magellanico quidem Oceano,
ab oriente Pia Moronia et Crapuliae parte aliqua
terminatur.

Terra tam prorsus effeta et sterilis, si unam pro-
vinciam exceperis, ut ex hac potius quam Trinacria 5
illa veteri, filia Cereris a Plutone rapta videatur.

Nec pastori hic locus nec agricolae : incolae tamen
ita rerum omnium copia diffluunt, ut nulla mihi in orbe
toto ditior, aut, quantum feritas illa naturae fert, gens
delicatior visa sit : quicquid enim usquam terrarum splen- 10
didum habetur ac rariusculum, sive dolo seu vi rapiunt
ad se, raptumque pari violentia tuentur.

Lavemiae partes duae sunt, Larcinia et Phenacia.
Haec Moroniam et Crapuliae angulum attingit, illa
magis Occidentem spectat, et contra vagae gentis 15
Larcinae morem suis se finibus contineri sinit ; utraque
valde immanis et inhospita.

Cap. II. Larcinorum Mores

Larciniam ab utraque Moronia separat flumen Try-
phonium, cuius undae flexuosissimae,

Tota regio ita silvosa et montana est ut deserti ao

G

82 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iv

potius nomen mereatur et, quod de urbe quadam
Strabo, iad rebellandum quam ad habitandum aptior
videatur.

In istorum sermone quaedam Wallica vocabula no-
5 tavi, quod ego ex ignotis nostratium peregrinationibus
factum iudicarim.

Larcinensium populus quidem satis numerosus est,
respublica nulla. Sibi quisque se natum putat; sibi
soli vivit ; sibi obtemperat ; tantumque possidet quan-

10 tum diripere quovis modo possit raptumque custodire ;
quoque potentior quis factus est eo magis timetur;
eoque pluribusnon tam subditis quam mancipiis domi-
natur.

In certas familias distinguuntur incolae; quae sin-

15 gulae stirpis suae potentissimo volentes, oboediunt.
Contribulibus suis parcit quisque et adhaeret, reliquos
omnes liberrime spoliat. Abhinc diu exhausta esset
horum incursionibus utraque Moronia, ni sagaciores
praefecti cum libertate salutem ab omnibus familiarum

20 ducibus magna auri vi quotannis redemissent.

Forma corporis nihil fere a nostris discrepant, nisi
quod omnes, exceptis insularibus, aduncis unguibus
sint et quasi accipitrinis, id quod Laverniis omnibus
commune est.

«6 Montanam partem occupat Gens Sbanditica, cui
umbram quidem commodam ac salutarem largitur Bu-
tinia Silva; prae qua illa Germanorum Hercynia,
decem latronum millibus stipata, pomariolum angustius
aut mera quasi saepes videtur.

30 Castra hic passim cernes, non hercle nimium
splendida, sed et multa et munitissima, in quibus tuto
sedent familiae cuiusque ducis, praedamque a vicinorum
periculo sartam tectam conservant, dum plebecula

CAP. 11] LAVERNIA 83

novum sibi quotidie sub quavis arbore lectum sternit,
more Tartarorum, et assiduas viatoribus insidias struit ;
quos illico bonis omnibus exspoliatos non leto dedunt,
quod Itali et Germani insidiatores solent (nec enim
quicquam verentur ne cui poenas dent commissi latro- 5
cinii), sed vinctum ad sui Ducis aulam deducunt, ob-
stringuntque iuramento se illi in perpetuum fideliter
serviturum : qui, ubi vel fidem violaverit, vel per menses
aliquot nihil cuiquam surripuerit, vel non vacuum via-
torem lubens praeterierit insalutatum, laqueo damnatur. 10
Ita crescit indies istorum potestas, et ex quo lata
Phenacibus lex est de filiis natu minoribus prorsus
exheredandis, auxit non parum spontanea pubis etiam
nobilioris accessione.

- Pii Moronii non tam cruces colunt quam isti oderunt. 15
Quanquam ergo illi, ex initi cum Laverniis foederis
tenore, incolumes se domi .continere possunt, si tamen
huc erint evagati, hoc uno nomine suspendio plerique
pereunt, quod hoc signo istud supplicii genus ipsis
exprobrare videantur. 20

Nunquam non intestina bella inter tribuum capita
oriuntur, dum peculium quisque suum repetit, detinetque
alienum: quod commode quidem cedit orbi universo;
verendum enim foret, ne tot tamque perditorum homi-
num coniuncta vis, aucta quotidie, in perniciem reli- 35
quarum gentium conspiraret: quam ob causam pru-
dentiores Phenaces et ferunt inter illos et alunt lites.

Non minima laus est etiam parvulis, quod olim Caesar
de veteribus Germanis, artificiose furari ; quos a tener-
rimis, et praeceptis quae vocant Hermeticis imbuunt 30
et exemplis. Videbis infantulos, etiam dum ab uberibus
matrum pendent, aciculam subducere vel nummum:
quod si non satis audaci vel lenta manu rem aggressi

G 2

84 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iv

erint, ita ut flagrante delicto facile deprehendantur,
vapulant illico. Tandem ubi adoleverint, aut anatem
aut anserem aut quid grandius indies oportet sufFurari ;
nec impune diem transigunt, in quo rem domesticam
5 nihilo auxerint. Quod si satis constiterit operam ab
ipsis navatam strenue, non aeque successisse, aut glebam
ex agro vicino, aut ramulum surripiant necesse est, ne
forte desuescendo fiant ineptiores.

Sed haec in ipsis Phenaciae finibus praecipue cer-
10 nuntur, inter quos et Larcinos latissima Vallis Bugietta
se diffundit; de qua suo loco pluribus, posteaquam
Larcinos» Litorales ordine descripserimus.

Cap. II L Litorales et Insulares Larcini

Hi sive in Litore Magellanico, sive in ripa et Insulis
Tryphonicis late sparsi, amphibii sunt, eo ditiores reli-

15 quis quo sunt reliquis occupatiores.

Nemo nautarum Europaeorum magis callet istis
fluxuum tempestates, et situs opportunitatesque portuum,
ventos, syrtes, scopulos; neque pisces ipsi aut melius
natant aut facilius.

ao Primas hic obtinet Portus Dunius, villa non sane
magna nec adeo munita, sed audax admodum, et
omnium fere regionum spoliis ad miraculum usque
dives, sita in ipso angulo Larciniae, quo terra haec
interventu Tryphonii Fluminis a Crapulia dirimitur.

35 Huius litus magnetibus ac pulvere magnetico stratum
ferunt, quorum virtus navem ad se quamlibet remotiorem
allicit retinetque. Sed neque minus proficiunt nautae
Duniorum, qui maria quaeque pererrant ac naves longe
suis munitiores adoriuntur. Mirum est hercle quoties

30 istos^ vel post imparem saepe congressum, audacia

CAP. 11] LAVERNIA 85

victores reduxerit, quod tamen alii baptizatis incanta-
tisque vexillis Moronicis acceptum referre malunt.
Insigne urbis vultur est, inter volandum pascens, cum
verbo ' Fruor nec quiesco.'

In tot paludinosissimis insulis et tam lato flumine 5
vix domunculam cernes, aut cymbam, partim quod
in mediis arundinetis (nempe crescunt hic arundines
Indicis illis quas saepe vidimus altiores, nec minus
robustae) nidum quisque sibi ac suis mavult concinnare,
partim quod ob proximitatem loci gens ista cum Mo- 10
ronis plerumque miscetur, quorum sane nemo non
natare mavult quam navigare : unde fit ut brachiorum
remigia tam daedale tractare norint, dimidiam ut vitae
partem, quod de crocodilo dici solet, in aquis degant,
motusque velocitate cum celerrimis quidem remis au- 15
deant contendere.

Hi nautis formidabiliores sunt quam nautici quivis
piratae. Improviso enim navim assequuntur, remo-
raque firmius adhaerentes retinent, et vel retentae
dorsum perforant ut aqua submergatur, vel impetu sub- ao
vertunt, vel denique scopulis allidunt.

CaP. IV. QUIS MIHI ADITUS. HaRPYIAE

Sed quis mihi huc aditus patuerit aut quae tandem
commorandi licentia fuerit concessa mirabitur lector,
nec credet aut quenquam sanae mentis committere
semet ausum tam immani populo aut incolumem de- 35
mum rediisse.

Intelligat ergo lector communem istis cum Piis Mo-
ronis iubilaeum, de more solenni, anno quoque quin-
quagesimo celebrari, in quo cum omnibus orbis totius
nationibus ac populis indutiae pactae sunt ; quo durante 30
religio est furacissimo ganeoni pacem vel publicam vel

86 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iv

privatam violare. lam tum convolant huc hospites,
qui tamen quicquid secum attulerint incolis gratis
largiuntur. Incidi ego in sacrum hunc annum perop-
portune, et cum quibusdam aliis itineris nostri sociis

5 regionem lustravi.

Inter eundem maximum nobis ab Harpyis imminebat
periculum, quibuscum profecto foedus pacis nullum
nobis ferire licuit. Hae, nec scio volucresne dicam an
daemones, ex quo a Boreae filiis pulsae fuerunt, hic ut

lo fama est sedem sibi posuerunt. Ex transversis trabibus,
in medio quercus robustissimae, nidos sibi sternunt.
Ore bubonem referunt, dorso et corporis mole struthio-
camelum, pennis hystricem, rostro ac unguibus aqui-
lam. Incolas ipsos, quasi probe cognitos, familiariter

isexceperunt, semperque dimiserunt illaesos: in nos
magno impetu involarunt. Quisquis per Silvae istius
Butiniae deserta solus ambulat harum unguibus rapitur
illico ac dilaniatur. Immo vix tutum ab his iter est
decuriae peregrinorum absque Larcinorum praesidio.

Cap. V. Vallis Bugietta. Phenacum Mores.

BOLSECIUM

ao Redeo iam ad Vallem Bugiettam, ultimam Larciniae
metam, communem tamen utrique provinciae terram.

Astrologorum gymnasiola hic multa sunt, qiiibus
hercle (poetas excipe et iuridicos) prae aliis omnibus
favere solent Phenaces.

25 Quin et in hac ipsa valle (nam quid dissimulem ?) ego

quidem conduxi domum, ubi praescius rerum hariolus

audacter scripsi verissimum huius temporis vaticinium.

Longe humaniores sunt Larciniis Phenaces, aut

saltem crudelitatem exercent magis secretam ; nam

CAP. iv] LAVERNIA 87

quod illi palam et sub dio, hi sine testibus agunt
domi.

Hic interdiu quiescunt, noctu vero semper nego-
tiantur. Solem ergo velut mortalibus noxium lumen
abominantur. Lunam colunt ut caelicolarum omnium 5
benignissimam.

Arbores sic sua natura viscidae sunt ut volucrum
quotquot ramulis insident illico adhaereant, praedaeque
sint viatoribus.

Maximum huius provinciae emporium et longe fre- 10
quentissimum Bolsecium dicitur, cuius tamen vici duo,
Palatium et Fripperia, omnes quas vidi urbium plateas
numero excedunt.

Et sane causidicorum nulla sub caelo tam ferax regio
est, qui, si nihil est litium, lites serunt. Horum non 15
minor hic numerus est quam in Westmonasteriolo
nostro capitum. Quanquam vero indies creantur novi,
fieri tamen non potest, ut illi putant qui in rebus politicis
lyncei sibi videntur, quin istorum numerus in posterum
decrescat ; nam ubi litigando totam inter se provinciam, ao
quod iam fere fit, partiti erunt, clientibus deinceps indi-
geant necesse est : quo fiet ut in se involent mutuo, et
alter alteri commissus male parta dissipet in vulgus,
futurisque nepotibus locum exercendae huius artis ma^is
lucrosum paret. Horum servis usitata semper est vestis 25
bicolor, ut hinc innuant inservire se dominis ad utram-
vils causae partem suscipiendam paratissimis.

Incolarum plerique, Alpinorum more, struma laborant :
Argyranchen vocant medici. Qui morbus ita vulgaris est,
ut nemo locum affectum vel sanatum velit vel occultatum. 30

Nec scio quae secreta virtus istorum cuti indita sit,
ut non minus argentum attrahat ad se quam magnes
ferrum, nec minus atttactum retineat.

88 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM [lib. iv

Fripperia omnibus et artificum generibus instruitur,
mercium officina tamen hic nulla: continuis quisque
clamoribus artem suam et merces exponit transeunti
populo,

5 Sed pharmacopolarum profecto hic plus quam satis
est, quorum fraus omnis in mutandis miscendisque
pyxidiculis vix iusto volumine posset c<imprehendi.
Dolus malus sicubi occurrat palam, satis quidem severe
plectitur : id vero ne fiat cavet quisque sedulo ; nam et

10 faciem et vestem et vocem et artem mutat indies, ut
frustra sit qui hodie hesternam queratur imposturam.

Schola hic publica in suburbiis aperitur, non hercule
incelebris, in qua sua ars iuventuti quotidie prae-
legitur.

15 His scilicet Alcorani locum obtinet antiquissima Mer-
curii Historia, orbi nostro penitus ignota: quae docet
quam feliciter Cyllenius, adhuc infans, a Neptuno tri-
dentem, a Marte gladium, ab Apolline arcum phare-
tramque, a Vulcano forcipem, a Venere cingulum sufFu-

ao ratus sit, ab love fulmen surripuerit ; ac deinde subdit
omnigena defraudandi furandique documenta, tironem
plurimis modis docens excutere seram, pessulum rese-
rare, lente movere pedem, arcae iam clausae filum vis-
cosum immittere, intacta crumena nummum elicere,

35 quod feceris strenue peierare nec interim erubescere, ac
mille istiusmodi technas, quarum ego arcana Caballistica
disquirere contempsi. '

Caupones ad unum omnes ita male fidi sunt ut non
audeant hospites vel suis dormientium pulvillis aurum

30 submittere, vel sacculis arcisve confidere quamhbet

ferratis.

Cap, VI. CODICIA

CoDiciENSEM Provinciam prodigiosi homines incolunt.

CAP. v] LAVERNIA 89

quos porcina facie Munsterus ac Mandevillanus depin-
xerunt. Quadrupedum more prona semper facie in-
cedunt, ne quid inter eundum surreptione dignum
praetermittant, neque caelum unquam suspiciunt.
Quod ad vocem, grunniunt illi quidem, non loquuntur. 5
NuUi hic, praeterquam senibus, commorandi locus est.
Florem aetatis cuique vel Silva Butinia, si fortiore
animo sit, vel, si studioso, Gymnasium Bolsecianum
deterit Hi fere semper, quod de lupo dicitur pugna-
turo ac vulpe famelica, terra vescuntur, quanquam 10
sunt inter hos qui solo metalli intuitu vivunt valentque.
Nunquam paene dormiunt; illud unum istis leoninum
est. Superstitiose admodum numini suo, hoc est
Chrysio Deo addicuntur, nec unquam aut quiescunt
aut discumbunt donec ipsum viderint et adorarint. 15

Urbem hic vidi Scrofiolam, maxime foedam, quam
tamen lustrare volenti mihi non licuit. Unusquisque
civium clavem secum gestat ne quis peregrinus ingre-
diatur.

Reliqui omnes, per Villas Porciglias dispersi, non 20
tam casis quam cubilibus contenti sunt.

Hos ego homines, hos mores, has urbes vidi stupui risi,
annoque demum tricesimo itineris tanti laboribus fractus in
patriam redii

Peregrinus quondam Academicus. 25

NOTES

ITINERIS InITIUM

Psg?e 8, 1. I. mihi perBiiasisBimum est, ' I am quite con-
vinced ' (impersonal use).

2. nosque, modo si audetis, ' and that, if only you take
CQurage and do your utmost, it awaits us as its discoverers.'

6. Agite : idiomatic, * Come now ! '

7. 8i qua praeclare merendi ambitio (manet), ' if there
remains to you any ambition to distinguish yourselves * (lit. of
deserving nobly). qua=quae (nom. fem.) with si,

lo. quibus nil sapit, ' for whom nothing has a taste/ i. e.
whom nothing attracts.

i6. Bumite huno : i.e. animum sumite.

i8. viarum anfractus, ^ windings of ways/ i. e. circuitous
ways.

19. sin minuB, ' but if less so/ i. e. if not.
Fage 4, 1. 2. neque non multum, ' and it moved us con-»
siderably.'

5. Quid multisP: supply vpus est (ppus takes an abl.),
* what need of many words ? '

8. non tamen sine hao oonditione humanitatis et
offioii, ' not, however, without (fulfilling) this condition of (laid
on us by) humanity and duty.' The foUowing ut clause definesy
viz. *• that each of us should ', &c.

12. poBt septimanam, 'after the seventh' (day), i.e. after
a week (hence Fr. setnaine),

surripuere mihi : the dat. is one of disadvantage.

14. meque meorum oaohinnis, &c. : lit. ' but me they
thrust forth to be a laughing-stock to my friends after such
expectations, or to wander alone (i. e. to proceed on my way).'

92 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

i8. insperata, ^unexpected/

20. a tergo reliotis, ' having been left behind/
nigellus, -a, -um : a diminutive form, from niger, Translate

' dusky \

21. oaput : here in sense of promontory,

BOOK I (i. CRAPULIA)

Fage 6, 1. i. quod ad sitom {attinet) : parenthetic, 'as (far

as) regards situation.'

2. a septentrione, * from the side of (or *on ') the North.'
5. Ruc: a fanciful word, left undeclined. It suspiciously

resembles our familiar ' rook *.

elephantum . . . rapiens deglutiendum, 'carrying off in

its talons a whole elephant, to be swallowed * (deglutire^ 4th

conjug. = * to swallow ').

9. saepius : comparative of saepe^ 'rather often.' Hall is
extremely fond of using such idiomatic comparatives.

14. ex adverso, ' opposite.'

17. eiusdem longitudinis est . . . oum, ' is of the same
Iength,'&c., *as.'

quod ominosum nulli videatur: 'jussive' subjunctive,
« let it not appear.'

22. flgura Deltali (adj. DeltaliSy -is, -e), with the shape of
Delta (i. e. the Greek letter A), * triangular '.

Page 6, 1. I. editioribus : idiomatic use, as above, of com-
parative, * somewhat high.'

2. si . . . permanserint : lit. * if they shall have remained *,
i. e. if they stay.

4. quin neque prosequentium manus evadere (supply
possint), * nay, are even unable to escape the hands of pursuers.'

7. quod . . . faotum novimus, . . . quis id istio fleri ? :
id answers to guod, General sense is : * What we know has
happened in Scotland, and what we are assured happens in the
NE. of the world, who would not readily allow himself to be
persuaded that it (such a thing) might happen there too.'

10. Euroborealis : adj. = NE. (Eurus = East Wind, and
Boreas= North Wind).

NOTES. BOOK I 93

16. Lucianum : Lucian, a Greek satirist. He describes in
one of his Dialogues how the souls of the dead crowd into
Charon's boat, each eager to be ferried across first.

19. nisi apportandifl, *except for carrying*; dative of
purpose.

22. quod palatum quamlibet oblique speotare videatur,
*which seems to have even the remotest connexion with the
palate/ lit. however obliquely.

29. ut a proximiB ordiamur, * that we may begin from the
nearest,' i. e. to begin with the nearest.

nisi peculiari . . . fit/ unless it be due to (lit. happen by)
some peculiar quality of the country.*

30. calidior est quam ut : lit. * is warmer than that it
should ', i. e. is too warm to produce.

Page 8, 1. I. aereo illo melle, &c. : clearly 'resin'.

3. ubi mel nostrum . . . spargitur, 'while our honey
is distilled (lit. scattered) by drops.*

5. oadendo resultant : lit. ^ by (or ^ in ') falling spring
back ', i.e. rebound as they fall.

13* pagoB omneB a oivitatibus devorari : a natural pro-
ceeding in the Land of Eating.

15. domina . . . audit : lit.hears (itself called) mistress, i.e.
is said to be mistress. Cf. ma/e audit, ^ he is in bad repute.*

Page 9, 1. 8. benignior : almost adverbial in sense, ' kindly '.
* Is good enough to supply.'

9. maiora . . . sustineant, minora : supply ossa,

16. ubi praesertim, quod solent (sni^^Xy facere) probe
potarint, * especially when, as is generally the case, they have
drunk heartily.*

Page 10, 1. 10. rotularum quatuor gyris : lit. ' on the
circles of four small wheels ', i. e. on four rollers.

18. duplioi oena multant, 'fine them a double dinner,'
i. e. probably, in Pamphagonia, make them eat two dinners.

23. quibus praesto sint oportet omnes urbis sena-
tores, ' at which it is required that all senatores be present ' ;
deliberaturi goes with de publicis negotiis,

26. Pythonos-Come is mentioned by the Elder Pliny in

94 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

his Natural History (Bk. x, ch. 23) as a place in Asia where
storks assemble. According to his story the last-comer is
devoured by the rest. Hence the fitness of the word as a place-
name in Pamphagonia.

Page 11, ]. 14. doneo ezeundo non sit: lit. ' till he is not
(fit) for going out ' (subj. owing to idea of purpose— till he should
not be).

18. oonsita oninia . . . raphanis, 'the whole place (vague
neuter plural) planted with.'

19. lautior Italia : the more refined or luxurious (part of)
Italy.

20. Hlio videres, &c. : a quotation from the Poet Martial,
EpigramSy iii. 47.

Fage 12, 1. 9. Barbaricae imitatae sunt : Hall is ap-
parently thinking of Negresses.

14. iuxta Virgilianum {adj,) illud, * according to that " of
Vergil '*,' i. e. according to his well-known line, which is quoted.

24. txmc temporia, * at that (of) time ' ; partitive gen. Cf.
ubi terrarum^ * where in the world ? '

Fage 13, 1. 4. quantumvis refragante Asolepiade : abl.
absolute, * Asclepiades (the physician) objecting ever so much.'
Physicians are * sons of Asclepius ', the god of healing (-adgs,
Greek ending=son of).

II. quod norunt mensae soli a natura comparatum
'because they know it was made simply for the table.'

30, Buis ipsorum faucibus, * with their own jaws.'
Fage 14, 1. 5. uti fortuna deteriorem pleromque in partem
vergit: lit. *as fortune generally inclines towards the worse
side *, i. e. takes the worse side.

8. neo enim se possunt ftiga liberare, ^and indeed they
cannot escape by flight.' A parenthesis.

30. flumen an stagntun nescio. The fuU form would be
utrumflumen sit an stagnum nescio,

Fage 16, L 4. qui puteorum mos est, ' what (i. e. as) is the
way of wells.'

3C. quod de ursis Flinius : a word like narrat is under*
stood. Examples of such omissions are frequent in Hairs Latin.

NOTES. BOOK I 95

Page 16, 1. 4. in hanc fere aententiAin : lit 'almost into
this sense', i.e. much to this effect.

9. laeaae maieatatia reua, ' condemned for treason, or as
a traitOT.'

cnlpaelevioria: supplym».
14. miaertus = miseriius.
16. ipao &cto, * without more ado.'

23. tanti fiEMiunt» * hold them of so much • (value) ; gen.
of value.

25. docet Aristotelea : in the Poiitics.

26. duo pasaeres stumo, * two sparrowsy&r one starling ' ;
abl. of price, used when the price is definitely given.

Page 17, 1. 5. Tempori Deo, ut . . . edaciBaimo. Hall is
possibly thinking of Ovid's phrase 'tempus cdax rerum', or
Seneca's ' omnia tempus edax depascitur', but gives the phrasc
a humorous tum.

25. harpyiarum. The Harpies of Greek mythology werc
rapacious monsters, half bird, half woman.

Page 18, 1. I. animadvertit eibi praedam, * notices,
notes.'

14« eo acriore animo, * with all the keener delight.' eo
acriar, * keener by that ' (amount).

Paffe 20, 1. 13. ubi qui vioerit, * where (i. e. in which contcst)
the person who shall have conquered,' or who conquers.

18. absque fraude ao dolo malo : a legal phrase ; ' witliout
deceit or guile,' * justly and uprightly.'

23- 8i nihil ultra, * if it (the cingulum^ can be stretclied)
no further by any one else.' Hall forms a witty phrase on the
analogy of the well-known * ne plus ultra', 'nothing more
beyond ' (i. e. perfeaion).

Page 21, 1. 1. monetque (nt) populo buo propinet aaliJLtexa,
* and bids him drink his people's health.'

5. quae illis gxitturalis locutio: idiomatic use of rel.,
which is, i. e. such or so guttural is their speech.

13. Fami,Ab8tinentiae,&c.: personifications.
16. graeoattinim, * play the Greck ' naturally would mean
*to live effcminatcly,* as the Romans would say that the Greeks

96 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

did. Here probably = * to avoid eating enough '. Hall may be
alluding to the well-known ' Graeculus esuriens *.

27. Digere et Impera: suggested probably by the well-
known *divide et impera*, *divide (your enemies) and rule.'

Fage 22, 1. 18. nec quem liberat advenam novitium, nisi
vel robur, vel maoilentia : supply quidquam after nec : * only
his strength or his leanness can save him.'

25. horrendissimo latratu. Horace speaks of a stoma-
chus latrans^ in the sense of very * hungry *.

BOOK I (2. YVRONIA)

Fage 23, 1. 5. quid metuerim mihi, ' what I feared for
myself.'

neque hoc invidebo lectori, *• this too I will not envy (i. e.
refuse to tell) the reader.'

Fage 24, 1. i. culinarii : belonging to the kitchen, perhaps
only a natural colour for Pamphagonians !

cellularii: belonging to a store-room (probably Hall means
the * cellar '). An equally natural colour for Yvronians.

2. Crapuliani, * men of the '* Head " ' (i. e. headache) ; cf.
Caesariani.

neque minus ingenio : supply discrepant,

16. delectu fundatorum : selection or choice on the part
of their founders.

Fage 26, 1. 13. perquam certe opportune : join perquam
and opportune^ * very fortunately.'

16. quae ipse nullus deprehendissem : colloquial use of
nullus ; * which I myself should never have discovered.*

25. huiuB quidem oentauri: in fuU huius quidem {cute
forma) centauri depicta ; * the skin of one being painted with
the shape of a centaur.*

27. est et quem cernas : lit. ' there is one also you might
see', i. e. another you might see.
Fage 26, 1. 11. quod Virgilius, * as Vergil once expressed it.*

12. fessae subvenit laeva (manus) Borori. The phrase
is from the Moretum (a poem descriptive of rustic life), now no
longer definitely attributed to Vergil.

NOTES. BOOK I 97

19. pemae plaBquam Westphalae: Wesiphalae is an
adj. here, Westphalian, Westphalia being famous for its
hams.

Fage 27, 1. 2. caerimonia meant in classical Latin a ' sacred
ceremony*. Here Hall uses the word in the ordinary English
sense, 'master of the ceremonies.'

7. en tibi ut non langruido cureu, &c., ' see with what
an abundant stream Bacchus's water-clock still flows.^

20. bene vos, bene nos, &c. : supply e. g. ametfortuna,

25. splenem movit, * moved ray spleen/ i. e. annoyed me.

26. musis omnibuB invitis: lit. 'all the muses being
unwilling '. People in such a state are scarcely fit to sing.

32. Laberius : a Roman poet contemporary with Julius
Caesar. He was famous as a writer of * mimes *, i. e. mimic
farcical plays or comedies.

Fage 28, 1. i. in absentem : with reference to (some one)
absent.

2. Anacreonticia : Anacreontic in characteir. Anacreon
is well known as the poet of love and wine.

6. in risus immodicos solutum : lit> ' relaxed in im-
moderate laughter*. solutus suggests absence of self-control,
intoxication.

14. quid qois, cui propinaverit, ' what each has drunki
(and) to whose health he has drunk it.'

15. (dum)modo quis auscultando fUerit, 'provided any
one is fit to listen.'

29. hoc noctis, ' at this time of night ' ; cf. id aetatisy at
that age, a very peculiar accusative, possibly of duration.

Fage 29, 1. 23. laesae societatis, ' oifence against the com-
pany.' A phrase formed on analogy of laesa ntaiestas^ * high
treason * (lit. the dignity (of the Roman people) injured).

In a section here omitted we are told :— * Pictores longe
optimi sunt, dum (inasmuch as) tremulam facit manum ebriosa
senectus *. Further, * Poetas habent plurimos, sordidum genus
hominum ipsaeque faeces imae plebeculae. Unicum illis ferunt
aetatem hanc tulisse vere poetam, quem propter intempestivum
veriloquium (truthful speaking) fame audivi periisse.*

H

98 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

Page 80, 1. 19. glebas toris. This phrase is from Lucretias*
poem de Rerum Natura, iii. 328.

25. Non patuere fores^ &c. Hall in a footnote quotes a
similar (real) inscription :

'Vina dabant vitam; mortem mihi vina dedenmt,
sobrius auroram cemere non potui.
Ossa merum sitiunt : vino consperge sepulchrum ;
et, calice epoto, care viator, abi.
Valete potatores.*
Fage 81, 1. i. in tuam gratiam peierare malim, 'should
I not prefer to perjure myself as a favour to you ' (lit. with
a view to your favour or gratitude).

24. Schaum : a German word «= foam or froth, is left un-
declined ; cf. Ruc, &c.

Fage 38, 1. 28. num haec spes tua est illa desideratissima
Schlauchberga ? : lit. ' Is this that longed-for hope of yours,
Schlauchberga ? ' i.e. the place youhave so long hoped and
desired to see.
Fage 36, 1. 12. poenas dant, 'give (i.e. pay) the penalty.'

BOOK II (VIRAGINIA)

Fage 30, I. l. oorrupta vooe: lit. *the word being cor-
rupted ', i. e. incorrectly.

13. primas (partes) . . . vindicat, ' claims the first place *
(see pars in vocabulary).

Fage 40, 1. i. qua semel audita: lit. 'which being once
heard ', i. e. as soori as it was heard.

Fage 41, 1. 21 . ita vincula . • . calamo . . . iniecta, ' restraints
were placed upon my pen,' i. e. the promises I then made prevent
me from making revelations now.

Fage 42, 1. 4. introducit, ' brings in,* i. e. as characters in a
Dialogue.

II. Centumviras: fem.,a humorous imitation of the Roman
term Centumviri (the hundred men), a real court or college of
judges who decided certain civil suits.

NOTES. BOOK II 99

12. rerum domina : lit. ' mistress of things % i. e. a lady in
chief power or important position. Rome is called dofnina
rerum in the poets, * queen of the world,'

18. antiquavit, 'brought into abeyance/ put an end to.
In strict Roman usage antiquare^^ X.^ prefer the old*, i. e. to re-
ject a proposal or bill (said of the people voting in Assembly).

Fage 43, 1. 14. neque est quod, ' nor is there (reason) that
(or why) you should expect' ; cf. quidest quod . . ,? * what reason
is there for . . . ? *

Page 45, 1. 3. Moronia non potest, si velit maxime,
' Moronia cannot, however much it might wish to.'

6. ubi taeere : lit. * where ', i. e. in this connexion. /
9. Sed illusum . . . doouit eventus: supply me with
illusumy * showed that I had been deceived.*

23. consilium inissent : consilium goes with both adoriendi
and excuiiendi,
Fage 46, 1. 22. anoillam duoat : supply in matrimonium,

23. data prius, &c., 'proof being first given of his loyahy
(to his) former (wife).*

24. matrifamilias (dat^ in mancipium oedat, 'should
passinto the possession of (lit. to) the nearestmotherof afamily.*

29. dat poenam reduci : reduXy adj. ; supply «;wn, * when
she returns^*

Fage 47, 1. 26. de flGtcie quondam notos, ' once known to
me by face (or appearance).'

Fage 48, I. 10. non poterit non plurimas . . . reperire,
' will not be able not to,' i. e. will be sure to find. Hall is especially
fond of double negatives, which are equal in value to a positive.

13. sed quod adolescentuli . . . refugiunt, &c., ^ owing
to the fact that (a common use of quod) they shun the trouble of
finding them out, &c., it is owing to this (hincfit) that they un-
justly allege (complain of) the scarcity of good women.'

BOOK III (MORONIA)
Fage 51, 1. 12. iam subolet mihi, ' I have an inkling '.
16. pulchre sibi respondet Natura : lit. ^ Nature answers
beautifuUy to itself,' ' shows a beautiful balance '•

H 2

loo MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

Fage 52, 1. 26. hao freti ratione, 'relying on this (line of )
argument/

Fage 63, 1. 6. Morosophi. The word is used by Erasmus,
from whom it is probably borrowed.

19. nullum non lapidem aut lignum (supply salutant) :
lit. ' none they do not salute ', i.e. they salute them all. Hall is
very fond of this idiom which represents a positive by two
negatives ; cf. p. 48, 1. 10.

Page 54, 1. 1. rotundo ezitu : the round full tone with which
they are pronounced.

3. salutem suam . . . oredere stultum iudioant, ' they
. consider it a foolish thing to entrust their safety to,* &c.

6. Factum id putant inhumanius, ' they think it done
(i. e. an action) somewhat without feeling that any one should.'

8. eo quod, ^ simply because ' (lit. on this account that).
neo posse fieri, ' (they think) it could not be that.'

14. quanquam et veteribus . . . monumenta,^though
not a few monuments show clearly enough that this custom
was practised by (i. e. common among) the ancients as well.'
'veteribus : a dat. which is allowed instead of a and abl. after
any part of the verb which includes the passive participle.

22. si . . . aliter se habere compereris, 'if you find
that things there (supply res) are (lit. have themselves) in'
a different condition.'

27. flumina novos conaleB mirantur, 'wonder at,' i. e.
are astonished to find themselves in new channels.

31. ' plauBtra boyes ducunt,' &c. : quotation from Vergil
Fage 65, 1. 3. ctmi ego huo • . . appuli, 'at the time when I
arrived there.* cum appulissem would mean * after I had arrived.'
In * dates' cum always has indic.

12. Sapientis Qraeoi The Wise Greek was Bias of Priene,
in Asia Minor ; but the story is generally told of the Greek poet
Simonides, who is said once to have uttered the words (i. e. their
Greek equivalent) afler being shipwrecked.

16. quibus cum aviculas conspioiant, &c, 'as they
see the little birds sufiiciently protected by them {quibus^ i.e.
feathers) against the cold, they think that they (themselves) are

NOTES. BOOK III loi

thereby as much better protected as they are superior to so
weak and delicate a race of animals/

Fage 66, 1. 8. neque enim expedire: infin. depends on
' they say * understood. For (they say) it was no advantage that
(they should have fixed rules of living).

20. H. I. = hic tacet, the phrase being used like a noun as
object oiposut, this * memorial *.

Fage 67, 1. 8. nec id unum statuese audent se nihil
Btatuere audere, * they do not even dare to affirm that they
dare not affirm anything,* the extreme limit of scepticism.

21. qui bullas, &c. : does he mean soap-bubbles ?

Fage 68, 1. i. liberavi ego fidem, ^ I have satisfied my con-
science.*

20. oculis . . . introrsum demissis, ' sunken.'
Fage 69, 1. 8. iie prodeunto : meant to reproduce archaic
language of a law, * let them not go forth.'

i6. cur horreant aspectum, 4hey dread being seen' (cf.

* molestissime ferunt aspectum ').

25. seque parat patibulo : i.e., in sense, prepares to meet
his doom.

Fage 61, 1. 14. primorum Caesarum: e. g. Nero or
Domitian.

16. neque, cum caeli ingenio soleant . . . mores con-
formari, sibi sinet persuaderi, legionem hanc polarem . . .
tam calidae • . . prolis matrem exstitisse, ' and, seeing that the
customs of a people are generally determined by the climate, he
will not allow himself to be persuaded that this poiar region
could ever have produced so hot-tempered a race.'

20. eo verisimilius, &c. : the * true philosopher ' might
argue abstractly that opposites should arise from opposites, i. e.
in this case a hot race would come from a cold countr}%
This is meant ironically, in disparagement of mere abstract
reasoning.

27. non mazimus, * of no great size.'
Fage 62, 1. 33. apponiturque duci cenae. cenae is dat.,

* for dinner '.

Fage 63, 1. 22. oui facies mazime fuerit cicatricosa : Hall

I02 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

seems to be thinking of German students especially. Cf.earlier
the institution of the Aufzeichner,

26. oave fallaris, ' see that you be not deceived ' ; ^^ is
to be supplied htioxtfallaris,

Fage 64, 1. 30. per nares an per aurea, &c., carries on the
question contained in qua via ingerant^ *they do not know
whether (supply utrum before per nares) they should introduce
the food by the nose pr ears, or, if there be any other opening,'
&c. We should expect a second an with per and somc noun :
but, instead, the construction is changed, as if we had had 'aut
per nares aut per aures \

Fage 66, 1. 4. neo niBi altiuB petitis rationum momentiB
aoquioBoit, ' nor are they content with any but arguments (or
explanations, lit. ' weights ' of reasonings) sought far back.' altius^
idiomatic use of comparative, 'deeper* (than most men would
go). Hall, as already noticed, uses this idiomatic comparative
with great frequency.

21. aliteB . . . imitaturoB. alites is acc. in dependence on
imitaturosy not agreeing with it.

28. quibuB illioo FythiuB : supply respondit.

Fage 66, 1. 2. Vuloania hao fraude : the Alchemist*s Art
{Vulcaniay because the use of fire is involved).

Fage 67,1. 5. ut quo oaelum propiuB attigerint eo magis
inoalesoant, ' that so they may grow warmer, the nearer they
(have) come to the sky.*

19. Bi benevoli civeB Bibi monitori ausoultare vellent, id
Bibi longe optimum videri : supply a verb : (he said that) ' if
his fellow-citizens would kindly listen to his advice, the best
plan seemed to him to be that each house should,' &c.

Fage 68, 1. i. petitae altiuB (Bententiae), ' profound '; cf.
above, p. 65.

ut iam deinoeps hoBpoB, &c. : in Latin it is as easy to make
the stranger 2nd person as third,. Translate, * so that if ever
you visit the city as a stranger, you will find,' &c,

6. Saltum Aotaeonium, Cubaeam, Milanam. Hall has a
note: 'tria praecipua prodigalitatis subiecta, Canes (Hounds),
Alea (Dice), Accipiter (Hawk).*

NOTES. BOOK III 103

13. hastae (dat.) subiciimt» ' sell.' See Vocabulary.

24. quantum filiae oollooandae inserviret, ' as would be
sufficient to settle a daughter in marriage.'

28. tota composita videatur: tota must refer to Gens
(Lisonica).

Fage 69, 1. i. pars maxima . . . vendunt : fiars maxima^
' most of them/ is plural in sense, therefore verb is plural.

9. eo quody ' on this account that.'

20. pendet ab oculis tuis, &c.) ' he watches (each look in) '
your eyes, anxious as to how (to see how) his answer has pleased
you : lit. ' hangs from'.

23. in tabellas refert, ' commits it to his tablets,' ' makes
a note of it.'

33. seque ipsi ezsuperant, ^ rise higher and higher.'
Fage 70, 1. 22. nec non (immensam)^ ' as well,' or moreover
(two negs.asa strong positive).

23. ante orbem conditum, ' before the founding or creation
of the world.' Hall is thinking of the usual expression in Roman
dates, ' ab Urbe Condita,' from the founding of the City, and also
of our ' ante Christum natum '.

Fage 71, 1. 10. deinceps quod superest : supply anniy ' as
for what remains of the year '.

16. quicquid habent,cum mutuum non possunt, sumunt
fenere, ' whatever they have when they cannot get it by
borrowing they get it on interest * ; supply a verb sumere^ with
muiuum dSx.^x possunt.

27. non minoris fiunt, ' are sold at no less a price,' gen.
of value.
Fage 72, 1. 2. herbae non bene olentis : tobacco.

23. si lubet : supply e. g. tibi,

27. Fortunam e caelo. Hall has a note at this point:
* Fortuna, stultorum deus. Vetus illud (the old proverb) " For-
tuna fatuis favet ".'

Fage 73, 1. i. tamque larga manu, &c., 'bestows her in-
exhaustible riches with so lavish a hand that, whatsoever any
good (i. e. pious) man asks (be it only with sufficient faith)
and waits for long enough, he cannot help obtaining some day.'

I04 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

1. 5. nulliuB non aetatiB, * of every age * ; the usual idiotn.

8. eximiuB, * perfect/ ' free from foUy.*

9. ubi liouit, 'where (in what circumstances) it was
allowed/ i. e. if possible.

10. semel insanivimus omne& A quotation from the Re-
naissance poet Mantuano (or in Latin form Mantuanus) : * id
commune malum, semel insanivimus omnes.* ' It is a common
ill : we have all been mad once.* Hall uses the same quotation
as a motto for one of his satires in English verse. .

13. Bonae Deae: there was a Roman Bona Dea, wor-
shipped by women. Of course Hall apphes the name here to
Fortuna, his goddess of Good Luck.

14. albo vezillo ; the Roman vexillum, however, was
generally red (it was the signal for giving battle).

19. parum aliquando Biccae, *at times by no means
without bloodshed. *

23. nec adhuo, * not even till this hour.'

26. retinuit spes, &c., 'has kept them there, intending
each of them to offer prayers that at last . . . they may obtain
their desire.'

32. novissimae prozimam, 'next to the last/ i.e. one
more.

Fa^e 74, 1. 3. sinsruli aliud,^each (and all individually)
wanted something different.'

4. dant sese in viam, ' make their way forwards,* ' start
on their way.*

17. loculis purgandis :- dat. of purpose, 'for clearing out
purses '.

28. Fortunam si avide, &c. : lines by a poet of the Re-
naissance (1459-1538) Sannazarius (Ital. Sannasaro) fVfho wrote
many Latin poems which have been greatly admired. ' If you
should hasten greedily to devour good fortune, it needs must be
that you find her hard to digest (lit. that you digest her badly).'
Fage 76« L 6. ne nimius Bim, * lest I be excessive,* i. e.
tedious.

12. soilioet: scire iicet, *of course,' Moubtless'; used
ironically^

NOTES. BOOK III 105

16. audacter profari : the infinitive depends on iuberis.

18. quanttunvis arduum> ' however hard.*

31. Deinceps etiam procumbat, &c. : the subjs. arejussive,

* let him lie down/ &c. The idea of command is carried on

from tbe preceding iubet,
Page 76, 1. 8. id genus herbis : acc, but in such phrases

practically indeclinable and equivalent to an adjective.

25. dant digitis gemmas, &c. : a quotation from Ovid,
Metamorphoses xi. *They place gems upon his fingers, lohg
necklaces upon (about) his neck.'

Fage 77, 1. 3. iam simul expletus dapibus, &c. : quotation
from Vergil, Aeneid iii. 630.

9. prout in mandatis habuisse meminit: supply eam
praesentem quod^ * as he remembers that he had her (actually)
present while (giving) her commands.'

13. 'Fuimus Troes': a phrase from Vergil, *We men of
Troy have been,* i. e. have had our day.

16. BTia BoliuB oulpa, ' by the fault of himself alone.' sua
takes the place oisui (gen. of j^), hence gen. solius.

24. suorum omnium curam abiicere : the whole phrase
is equivalent to a noun (in acc. case).

29. verbo dicam : lit. ' I shall say (it) in a word,' i. e. in
brief.

Fage 78, 1. 18. caveoque testamento istuc, &c., ' I make
a provision in my will that my heirs should see me (i. e. see that
I am) taken there.*

21. imitandam proposuerint, 'set it before them to be
imitated.'

23. incensationes per circuitum : incensatio, -onis^ f., is
not a classical word. The meaning must be * buming of in-
cense round about the body.* "

26. ex lege loci, ' in accordance with the law of the place :
incumbity * it rests upon,- here = * is their duty.'

1. 32. lapides audire, &c., * stone statues are known to
hear, weep,' &c.

Fage 79, 1. 8. modo paci ac ipsorum saluti probe consiQ-
tmu velint, ' if only they wish to take proper precautions for

io6 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

the maintenance of peace and their own safety.' consultum^
idiomatic use of past part. pass. with volo ; cf. ' non factum
vellem ', * I would it were undone.'

9. haeretieoB, *heretics' (from Greek hairesis^ lit. a
choice, then a * sect ').

10. huo relegeAt : subj. depends on uty supplied dSitrliceat
monere,

BOOK IV (LAVERNIA)

Fage 81, 1. 8. ut nulla mihi in orbe toto ditior : supply
gens with nulla ; the verb, common to this clause and the next,
is visa sit,

11. rariusoulum : compar. neut. ofrarus, with diminutive
adj. ending -cu/us ; * somewhat rare or unique.'

Fage 82, 1. 5. quod . . . iudicarim. An idiomatic use of
perf. subj. It would represent the polite English * I should be
inclined to think*, * I should imagine*. Compare the frequent
use of the perfect ausim, ' I should venture.* factum (esse), * was
result of.*

16. Contribulibus suis parcit, * honour among thieves.'

21. nihil fere a nostris discrepant, ^ they differ almost in
nothing (no respect) from our own (peoples).*
Fage 83, 1. 3. leto dedunt, * give over,' i. e. put to death.

7. iuramento, * by oath ' ; generally iure iurando.

9. non vacuum, 'with any money.* insalutatum, a
euphemism.

II. ex quo lata . . . lex est, * ever since* (supply tempore
in sense after quo),

16. ex initi cum Lavemiis foederis tenore, * in accord-
ance with (cf. e sententia) the terms of the treaty entered into
with the Lavemians.*

18. hoo uno nomine suspendio, &c., 'most of them (i. e.
the Moronians) perish at the mere utterance of the word hanging,
because they seem by the mention of it {hoc signo) to reproach
them (the Lavernians) with this form of punishment,

23. quod commode quidem cedit orbi universo : which
goes well, i. e. ' is a lucky thing * for the rest of the world.

NOTES. BOOK IV 107

28. quod olim Caeiar : Gallic War^ Bk. VI.
Page 84, 1. i. flagrante delioto : a proverbial expression, lit.
' the deed bcing still hot ', i. e. i« the very act.

5. operam . . . navatam strenue, non aeque BUcoeflsisse,
' that they have at least done their best, though they have not
been equally fortunate.'

11. de qua . . . pluribus : supply verbis dicam.

18. The Syrtes were properly two gulfs on the N. coast
of Africa, called Maior and Minor, the former being fuU of dan-
gerous sands.

Fage 85, 1. 2. aooeptum referre : a commercial phrase, ' to
mark down as received,' i. e. to place to the account of,
* owe to.*

12. braoohionim remigia, * the oarage (remigia poetical
plur.) of their arms.*

13. daedale : adv. from adj. daedalus, itself from Daedalus,
a mythical personage, famed for his skill as a craftsman. The
story of his making wings for himself and his son Icarus is well
known.

28. lubilaeum : lubilaeus annusy the year of Jubilee
(among the Jews, properly : the word is of Hebrew origin).

Fage 86, 1. 7. foedus . . . ferire : to strike or make a treaty.

22. gymnafliolum : diminutive oigymnasium (which see).
Fage 87, 1. 15. lites serimt, 'sow' dissension, make dis-

putes if there are none there already.

23. male parta dissipet: there was a Roman proverb
'male partu male dilabtmtur ' (* ill-gotten gains').

26. inaervire se dominis, &c., ' that they serve masters
who are ready to take up either side equally.'

29. Argyranohen (a Greek acc), the ' silver quinsy ' (the
word is formed after Kunanche^^va^y) which Demosthenes
the orator was said to have wheii he abstained from speaking
on the plea of quinsy, but reaUy (as was said) because he had
been bribed.

Fage 88, 1. 20. subdit : the subject must be Mercurii Hi-
storia, The verb would naturally mean to bring in surrepti-
tiously, an appropriate meaning in the context.

io8 MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

25. quod feoeris depends on strenue peierare (for periu^
rare),

28. male fldi : fnale is practically a negative, ' unreliable/
* dishonest.'

29. Buia dormientium pulvillis, ' their pillows as they
sleep.* suis is equal to *of themselves*, and this determines
the gen. donnientium^

Fage 89, 1. 3. inter eundum^ 'as they go'(lit. in the midst of
going. eundum is the gerund).

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

N.B. — Tlie tnajorHy of the names in this listwere cdned by Hall for
the purposes of his Satire ; those which do not fall under this category dre
printed in itcdics. u of Greek becdmes in Latin {and Eng,) y, ai becomes
ae, aftd oi becomes oe.

ActaeoniuB Saltus. The Glen
of Actaeon (Actaeonins, an adj.).
Actaeon in Greek legend was a
famous hnnter.

Aeolius Uter. Aeolns, the god
of the winds, kept them closely
shut up, according to one form
of Ihe story, in a bag (Uter, »».). ^

Aetaa, -ae, m. The volcanic Aetna
ia Sicily.

Aiax, Aiacis, m. The * Great'
Ajax, one of the Greek heroes
who fought against Troy. In a
fit of jealousy against Ulysses he
is said to have gone mad and
slaughtered sheep, under the im-
pression that they were men.

Albanus Moas, InFrance (Mont-
auban?), the home of Beroaldus.

Alcoraauat, -i,n. TheKoran,the'
sacred book of the Mohamme-
dans.

Amantina villa, / (Hall seems
to use vitla here » vicusy a village
or small town. Properly vi/la is
a country mansion). * Love Town *
(from the Latin amare^ to
love).

Ampeldna» -ae, / * Vine City '
(from Greek ampelos, a vine).

Aaacreoa, -ontis, m. (adj. Ana-
creonticus, -a, -um, Anacreontic).
A well-known Greek lyric poet
from Teos Thencc often called the
•Teianbard*).

Aagli, -orum, m. The English
(Angles).

Antoia, -ae,/. The Buming City
(Hall takcs from a Spanish word »
lust. He adds : * Urit semper
amor*).

AphrodiBia» -ae, /. The Amo-
rousLand (fromGreek.<4/^m//7^,
the goddess of Love, so called,
according to the usnal legend,
becanse she was born of the sea-
foam, aphros).

Apicius, -i, m. (adj. Apicianus).
A well-known epicure and writer
on cookery under the Emperor
Tiberius (flourished circa A.D. 20).

Apolio, 'iais, m. The son of
Jupiter, the sun-, and also the
archer-, god.

Aquitauicus, -a, -um, adj.t be-
longing to Aquitania or Aquitaine
(with litora — shores ; litus, -oris,
n. — the seashore).

Argyranche. The Silver or Money
Evil (from Greek arguros, silver,
and anchein, to choke) — a com-
mon complaint in Phenacia. See
notes.

Ariattae, -es(or-a, -ae),/ Ariadne,
a daughter of Minos, King of
Crete. She saved Theseus, an
Athenian hero, from the Minotaur
(a monster with whom he was
shut up in a Maze or Labyrinth
by Minos) by giving him a clue of

IIO

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

thread, by which he was able to
extricate himself.

ArtopoliB, -is, /. The City of
Loaves (* Bunbury *?) (from Greek
artoSf a loaf, smd/^oitSj a city).

ArtooreopollB, /. City of Meat
and Loaves (Greek kreasy flesh).

Asclepiades, son of Asclepius
(the Greek ending -ades meani
' son of *). Asclepius was the god
of healing, of Medicine. Hence
Asclepiades simply means * the
physician '.

Aufiseichner, A pure German
word, to which no Latin ending
has been added. It means one
who scores up one*s account, a
marker.

Babillarda, -ae,/. City of Chat-

tcrers (Fr. babillardy chattering).
Bacchas, -i, m, God of Wine (Gr.

Bakchos),
Baveria, -ae. Land of Trifling

Absurdity (Fr. bavard^ a babbler,

gossip).
Beaohera, -ae, /. The City of

Beakers (from Germ. Becher^ a

cup or beaker).
Beigicus, -a, -um, a^^'.,belonging

to Belgium.
BiberiUB, -i, m, The Drinker,

Toper (Lat. bibere, to drink).
BibulUB, -i, m, The Thirsty One,

* Drouthy * (Lat. adj. bibulus,

thirsty).
Beroaidus, -i, m. Probably a

French scholar of the late Re-

naissance, B^roalde de Verville

(1558-1612}.
BolBecium, -i, n. Cut-purse or

Pick-pocket City (Sp. bolsa from

Lat. bursa, a purse, and Lat.

secare, to cut).
Bonziy -orum, p/ur. The priests

who guard the Chinese Pagodas.

(Latinized form.)
Bubonia (Silva). Forest of Owls

(Lat. bubo, -cnis, m., an owl).

Bugietta Vallia. Fib-dale (see

next word).
Bug^iuB, -i, m. River of Lies, the

^ Lee ' (It. bugia, a lie, dim. bu^

giettOf a fib).
BuBCfidores, -um, plur, m,

Searchers (Span. buscador, an

examinerV
Butinia (silva). Forest of free-

booters, Booty Wood (Fr. butinj

booty).

CaballiBticuB, -a, -um. Caballis-

tic, secret, magic {Cabdla, from

Hebrew, a secret science for the

interpreting of Scripture).
Cadilla» -ae,/. City of Jars, < Jar-

borough* (Lat. cadus, -1, m., a

jar or cask).
CalaverinuB (mons) and Cala-

vernium, n. Hill of Calvary

(Span. calavera — a skuU).
Cantabrigiae, -arum,/. Latin form

for Cambridge. Adj. Cantabri-

giensis.
Celsus* A Roman writer on Medi-

cine.
Ceres, -eris, /., goddess of Agri-

culture, mother of Proserpine,

who was carried ofT by Pluto.
Chagrin (French). Gloom, the

Gloomy One.
Cisaron, -ontis, m. The Ferryman

of the Styx, the river which de-

parted souls had to cross in the

Lower World.
Chatovilla, -ae,/ City of Tick-

ling, Ticklington (Fr. chatouiller,

to tickle).
Ciiina, -ae,/. China; adj. CYAtitn-

sis, plur. -ses, the Chinese.
Chitraea, -ae,/. Wine-glass City,

* Bowling * (Gk. chutra, a cup or

bowl).
ChrysiuB DeuB. The Golden

God (Gk. chrusos, gold).
CinifloniuB, -i, m, He of the

curled hair, Dandy (Lat. cini^

flones, hair-curlers).

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

III

duiUMcensis, adj, (also Clunia-
chns, -a, -um). Belonging to the
£&mons Abbey of Cluny, in
France.

Oodioia, -ae,/. (and adf, codicien-
sis). Land of Misers (Span.
codicia, grced, covetousncss).

Cordolium, -i, «. City of Grieved
Hearts (* Downcaster ' ?) (Lat. cor,
beart, and dolere^ to grieve).

Coryphaeus, -i. Strictly speaking
the leader of a Greek chorus, then
a leader or ringleader of any kind.

Orapulia, -ae,/ Land of Head-
aches (Lat. — from Greek— fra/«-
/ra, -a^j/, (i) a surfeit, (2) a head-
ache). It has two main divisions,
(i) Pampbagonia, (a) Yvronia.

Creatium, 4, n, Meat City (Gk.
krecu^ flesh).

Cylieaius, -a, -nm, adj. Belong-
ing to Cyllene, the highest moun*
tain in the Peloponnesus (the
Morea). Mercury (Hermes), who
is said to have been bom there, is
often called Cyllenius.

Cubasa, -ae,/ City of Dice (Gk.
kudos, a cube or dice).

Cuoina, »ae, /. Kitchen City,
* Cockaigne ' (Ital. cucinay kitchen,
cookery).

Daaia, -ae, / The land of the
tribe of Dan (supply /erra,
Danius being an ad/. in form).

Daaubius, -i, m. The Danube
(generally /sfer, -ri, m.),

i)elpbeasis Viiia, Some place in
Belgium, the home of Drogius.

iyesUetius^Brasmus), Afamons
scholar of the Renaissance, bom
atRotterdam in 1467, died 1536.
An intimate friend of Thomas
More. Exercised a great in-
iiuence by his writings (* Col-
loquia,* &c)on Enropean thought.
DeBuergona, -ae, /. Shameless

City (Ital. = shamelessness) .
Dtoaiedetts, -a, -um, €id/\, belong-

ing to Diomedes (-is, m.), one
of the Greek chie& who fought
against Troy. Afier the war he
is said to have come to Italy.
When he died, his companions,
who grieved for him excessivelyy
were tumed into swans and took
flight to an island in the Adriatic.
Thiey would approach Greeks
quite freely, but loathed all others.

Doxia. LandofCranks(Gk.d;(7Jra,
an opinion).

Drogius, One of the characters
in the introductory dialogue ;
perhaps Latin name of a less-
known scholar of the Renais-
sance. He is represented as
*BelgaVa Belgian.

Drollius, -i, m, The DroU one
(Fr. droll),

Dudosa, -ae, / The Academy
Dubious, * All-at-Sea,' * Weiss-
nicht-wo' (Span. dudoso, -a, cui/\,
doubtful).

Duttius PortuS' The Donlan
Haven. Hall explains that lie
means Dnnkirk.

Bttdyaaioa, -onis, m, According

to the story, beloved of tlie

goddess Diana, as he lay sleeping.
SSrotium, -i, n. Love-Town CGV.

eros, lov?, dtm. erotion, a darling"),

* Darlington '.
XSugynia, -ae, / Land of Good

Women (Greek eu, well or goodL

and guni, a woman).

Fagonia. Land of Eating or 'B' eed-
ing {GxttV phag-ein, to eat^.

Pamelica InBula. TKe ^t:a.rv-
(el)ing Island, * Lowfood.irx' Xs"
landMI (Lat./a/w«, -w,/. , "kxtxt^o.^ "
famine). ^^^»

Farfallia, -ae, / Bntterfly
{^X.2\.farfaUa, a butterfly'^^'^

Oity

Terpa-del Fogo (^^^^S^^^^^^^^

with us Fuego).

^f: ^tr

112

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

Terra del Fuego (Span. fuegOi fire,
from Lat./v«j, hearth).

Fortanataelnsutae. Isles of the
Blest, supposed to lie in the Ocean
beyond the pillars of Hercules
(Gibraltar). The souls of the
virtuons would dwell there afler
death.

Fripperia» -ae,/. Town of Old
Clothes, apparently meant to be
a sort of Cheatery Town (French
friperie^ place where old clothes
are sold).

Frivlanda, -ae, / Land of Tit-
bits (by an inversion, from French
vicutdes friandes, delicacies).

FrugioDa, -ae,/ {adj» Frugionius,
hence Frugionii, the people of
Frugiona). Land of Honest Men
(Latin/r«^/,an indeclinable adjec-
tive (really an old dative) of use,
good, honest).

QallL The Gauls, esp. in Hall the

French, who inhabit the ancient

Gallia.
Gesundheita. Here*s Inck I (Ger-

man Gesundkeit^ somidness, good

health).
Qolosiniufl (Tractus). Region of

Dainties (Span. golosinaSf plur.,

dainties, delicacies; itself from

Lat. gtila),
GramiaValliB. ValleyofGloom

(Germ. Gram, grief, sorrow).
QrueSBaFoBSa. Thick or Greasy

Fosse (or Ditch) (Span. grueso,

gross, thick ; from Latin crassus).
Qutiges (Aves). The kindly, ob-

liging birds (Germ. gut (gii^ig),

good, kindly).
QynaeoopoIiB. City of Women

(Grk. gunaikes, women, SLTLdpoliSf

a city).
Qynandria (or Amazonia). The

landoftheMen-Women (or Ama-

zons) (Grk. gun^, a woman, and

an?r, gen, andros, a man).
Qynia Wova. New Woman*s

Land. Hall pretends that Gninea
must be a corruption of Gynia
like the last word from Grk. gune,

Hambrii, -orum (and Hambria
Terra). The starving people,

* Starvelings ' (Span. hambrey
hunger).

Harpyiae, -orum, / Harpies, in .
the old mythology, which is not
followed precisely by Hall, were
winged monsters, half-woman, half-
vulturc.

Hercales, -is, m, Hercules, the
god of strength. The story of his

* labours * is well known.
Hercynia (Silva). The Hercynian

forest, a great forest in ancient
Germany, sixty days' joumey in
length and seven in width.

Hertnes, see below.

HermetiouB, -a, -um, adj., snp-
posed to mean * belonging to Her-
mes' {-is, m,), in Greek mythology
the messenger of the gods (taken
by the Romans to be the saroe as
their Mercurius). He was the
patron of travellers, merchants, and
also of thieves, a function to which
Hall draws special attention. He
is said to have shown very carly
(in the first few days after birth)
his thieving capacities, robbing
Neptune of his trident, Venus of
her girdle, Mars of his sword,
Vulcan of his tongs, &c.

Hispani, -orum. The Spaniards.

Houbelonia, -ae, / * Hop-Iand '
(Fr. houblon, a hop, i. e. the plant).

Indicas, -a, -um. Indian (cf. India
terra, there being also the ad;\ form
Indius).

lano, -onis, / Juno, the queen of
the Roman gods, and the patro-
ness especially of women.

lapiter (or Juppiter), Jovis, m,
Jupiter, the chief god of the
Romans. (The root of the word

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

"3

is di (the same as in English
day), meaning the brightness of
the sky. Piter in composition is
for pater, * Father of the Sky.')
IxiOBf -onis, m, Ixion, a figure in
Greek story. For an ofifence
against Zeus (Jupiter) he was
bound in hell for ever to a wheel
which kept constantly turning.

Eotzunga, -ae, /. *Spewlands'
(supposed to be from a German
verb, to vomit).

Krugtopolis. City of jars. * Mug-
gleton' (Germ. ICru^, ajar, mug).

Ziarcinia. Land of Kobbers and
Thieves (Fr. larcin^ theft, rob-
bery. Cf. «Larrikin').

iLarmium (flumen). The River of
Tears (Fr. larme^ a tear).

IiatrinenBls, adj,^ intentionally
corrupted from Lateranenses,
monks of the Lateran.

Iiavernia, -ae, /. Land of Thieves,
«Thiefdom.* (Formed from the
name of a Roman goddess, La-
vema, who was reputed the pa-
troness of thieves and robbers.
Her worship was very popular.
Hall quotes very appropriately,
in a foot-note from Horace : ' da
mihi (grant me) fallere, falsaque
dicere, pulchra Lavema.')

Iieoanioa (Planities, -ei = a Flain).
The Plain of Plates (from Greek
lekane, a plate).

Ijicori8(flumen), TheriverStiff(y) ?
(Span. licor from Lat. liquor, itself
means water, especially strong
water).

liinguadocia* ^ae, /. Land of
Chatterboxes (from Lat. lingua^
a tongue. It is naturally a part
of Gynia Nova. The word is
clearly formed on the analogy of
the French Languedoc), .

Lirona, -ae, /. City of Dormice.
The dormouse lies torpid, out of

sight, in winter (Span. /?><?», a

dormouse).
Lisonica (gens), Race of Flat-

terers (Span. lisonja^ flattery).
IjO^ania (pronounce f: as j). Land

of Luxury (Span. lozania, luxury,

luxuriance) ; adj\ Loganicus.
Lotnbanli, -omm. Latin form

for the people of Lombardy.
Iioverium. * Flatteringham,* the

city of flatterers (Fr. iouer, from

Lat. laudare),
Lucretius, -i, m, A Roman epic

poet. His poem, a philosophical

epic, is called De Rerum Natura.
Iiycanthropici, -orum, m, * Wolf-

men * (Gk. lukos, a wolf, and an-

throposy a man). See Noies,
Lyperia, -ae, /. (or Maninconica

Terra), the Land of Melancholy

(Gk, luperosy adj\, painful, mo-

rose, melancholy).

Magellanicus, -a, -um, adj\y of
the Portuguese traveller Ferdi-
nand Magellan (1470-15 21), af-
ter whom the Strait of M^gellan
is named.

Maiiumetes, -is, m. Latin form
for Mahomet.

Maadeviiiahus, A, m. Latin
form for the English traveller
Mandeville (Sir John), who in 1 356
wrote an account of his travels.

Mangeguadagnos {p/ur. noun).
People who eat up one*s income,
* Eat-gains ' (Ital. mangiari^ to
eat, and guadagno, gain or
profit).

Maninoonica (terra). Land of
Melancholy (Ital. adj. manin-
eonicoy -a, melancholy, itself from
Gk. melancholikos = suffering
from black bile). ^

Maravilla, -ae,/ City ofWon-
ders (Ital. vtaravigliay wonder,
marvel).

MarSf Martis, m» The Roman god
of War.

I

114

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

Marza-pane (Urbs). S\veet-bread
City(retained in Italian form, Eng-
lish March-pane ; a kind of sweet-
bread composed of sugar, almonds,
and flour : from 'LsX.panis, bread).

MegaerBf^^Q,/, OneoftheFuriae
or Furies, represented in legend
as avenging spirits.

Melaena, -ae, /. The Dark One
(Greek feminine adj. melmna,
black).

Metropolis,/. A mother city (Gk.
meiir, a mother &ndJfo/ts, city.
Originally applied by Greek colo-
nists to the home city from which
they had come).

Milana, -ae, /. City of Hawks,

* Hawksbury * (by a contraction
from Lat. milvus, a hawk). In
formthe word resembles Milan(o).

MoguntiiiUS, -a, -um, belonging
to Mayence, Mogontiacum (-i, n.)
being the Latin name for the
city.

Mdronia, -ae, / The land of fools,

* Fooldom.* (Gk. moros, foolish.)
It is divided into several pro-
vinces:

(i) M. Mobilis, Changefal,* Shifty *
(also Variana, which see).

(a) M. Aspera, Rough or Stern,
itself divided into two parts,
Lyperia and Orgilia, ^. ».

(3) M. Fatua (Divided into Baveria
and Scioccia), Fatuous, Imbeciie.

(4) M. Felix, Happy, Blest. The
name is meant to suggest Ara-
bia Felix, * Araby the Blest.*

M5rosophi» -orum. Fool-wise-
men, i. e., wise in relation to the
fools around them (Gk. mdros,
foolish, and sophos, wise). v.
notes.

Mueriu8(Ager). The Shifty Land
(Fr. muer, to move).

MugtSteraa, -i, m. Latin name
for the German, Sebastian Miinster,
a geographer and Orientalist, pro-
fessor of Hebrew at Bascl (1489-

1553). Wrote Cosmographia
(description of the world) Uni-
versaiisy &c.

NeptunttS, -i, m. The Roman god

of the sea.
Nuobtermagen. Starvebelly

(German niichtem, fasting or

sober, and Mageny belly, stomach).

The word has received no Latin

ending.

Oochietto (Mons). Hill of the
(little) Eye, from which naturally
flows Larmium flumen (Ital. occhi-
etto, dim, from occhio, an eye,
Lat. oculus), The word is left in
the Italian form^

Oenotria. Wine-Land (Greek
oinos, wine, of which Latinized
form would be oen-). Part of Italy
(the SE.) is often called Oenotria
by Latin poets. As a rule Hall
avoids real names or such as occur
in literature.

Oglium (flumen). River of Oil,
the*Oyle* (Ital. ogliot oil, from
Lat. oleum, -«, oil).

Olmii (colles). The Elm-Tree
Hills (Ital. olmo, an elm, Lat.
ulmus), Vines were trained upon
elm-trees. Hall quotes: * fron-
dosa vitis in ulmo,' Virgil.

OmasiuB (gigas; -antis, thegiant).
* Paunch ', he of the great stomach
(Lat. omdsum, "i, «., bullock*s

Orguia, -ae, /. Land of the Pas*

sionate, Raging Mad (Fr. orgueil,

pride,with possiblyalso a sugges-

tion of Gk. orge, wrath).
Oysivium (flumen). The Restful

river (Fr. oisif^ idle, from Lat.

otiosus).
Ovidius, -i, m, A well-known

Roman poet, of the time of the

Emperor Augustus.

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

"5

Paiiaurus, -i, m, The pilot of
the Trojan hero Aeneas. Accord-
ing to the story he fell from the
stem of his ship into the sea off
the Italian coast.

Fampliagonia. The Land of
Boundless Eating, *Guzzledom*
(Gk./a» or pam, all, and pAa£^-
ein, to eat), Pamphaoones, the
people of P.

Fampinola» -Vit,f. Samemeaniug
as Ampelona (Lat. pampinuSy a
vihe-shoot).

FapUionia» ^e,/ Butterfly City,
cf. Farfallia (Lat. papilio, /., a
butterfly).

Paradisus, -i, m, The Paradise of
Gk. (from Persian) paradeisosy a
park or garden. Used by St.
Jerome in the modem sense,
Abode of the Blest.

Parisiif -oram. The people of
Paris (properly a tribe who once
lived in that region).

Fazzivilla, -ae,/ City of Fools,
* Dottyville * (Itai. pazzo, mad or
foolish).

Petronius, -i, m, Generallyknown
as Petronius Arbiter (Arbiter, a
judge, in this case in matters of
taste). A favourite of the Emperor
Nero. He is well known as the
author of the Cetta Trimalchionis
(a description of Trimalchio's
supper-party), which gives a vivid
account of Italian bourgeois
society.

Fhenaoia,/ Land of Cheats (Gk.
phenax, gen. phenak-os, a cheat).

PiutarcbuSf -i, m. Plutarch, a
Greek author, famous as the
writer of the * Parallel Lives *, in
which great men of Greece and
Rome are compared.

PiStd, -onis, m, The god Pliifo,
the king of the Lower World.

Proteus, -i, m, Proteus, a seagod
who had the power of assttming
any shape he pleased.

Floravia, -ae, / The Land of
Lamentation (Lat. plordre, to
lament).

FontifLoius, -a, -um. Belongingto
the Pontifex Maximus, i.e. the
Pope (the Pontifices, /iV. bridge-
makers, were the highest in
status of the Roman priests, and
the P. Maximus was the head of
the state religion. Hence the
titlc was taken over, when Chris-
tianity came to be recognized as
the state religion).

Forciglia. A City of Pigs, Swin-

. ton (Ital. porciie, a pig-stye.)

FortUB Aquae Fortis. The
Haven of Aqua Fortis, * Strong-
Waterford Haven' {Aqua fortis,
alcohol).

Ftoohaeum. A place for Beggars,
Almshpuse, Infirmary (Gk. pto-
chos, a beggar).

Pygmaei, -orum. The Pigmies,
a race of dwarfs, not more than a
foot high, said to have dwelt iu
the remotest parts of India.

Fyraenia. Region of fiery wine
(Gk./«r, fire, and oinos, wine).

Pytbagoricus, -a, -um, adj. Of
Pythagoras (-ae, m.), a celebrated
Greek Philosopher {c, 540 B.c),
one of whose doctrines was that
of the Transmigration of souls.

Fythonos - Come. The Royal
1'alace in the Capital of Pampha-
gonia. Hall adds in a foot-note,
* Pythonos-Come, a place in Asia
where the storks retum when they
fly: they devour the last arri-
val.' Pliny. NcUural Histofy, Bk.
X, c. 23. Cf. notes.

Bodomontadii (colles). The
HUls of Boasting, * Blustery Hills '
(Fr. rodomontade, boasting or
blustering).

Bonoara (urbs), -ae, / The City
of Snoring (Gk. rhengkein, to
snore).

I 2

ii6

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

Russi, -oniin. Latin form for the
Russians,

Baoellumlnquisitorium. Latin
for the Chapel of tbe Inquisition.

Saturaus, Saturn. Kiug of the
older race of gods, and father
of Jupiter. He is represented in
the legend as devouring his own
children.

Sbanditioa (gens.). The race of
Outlaws (Ital. sbattditOj outlaw or
cxile).

Bcrdfiola, -ae, / City of Pigs,
one of the cities in the land of
Misers, Codicia. Hall justifies
the name by the note : ^ sus animal
est ftvaro simillimum. Terram
semper intuetur, nec quidquam
prodest ante extremum diem * (Lat.
scrofa^ f,, a sow).

Soioooia, -ae, /. The county of
the Stupids, part of Moronia Fa-
tua (Ital. sciocco, insipid, foolish).

Sohlauohberga, -ae, / City of
the Holy (Wine) Skin (Germ.
Schlauch, a Leather Bottell, and
Berg, hill).

Sohaum (flumen). Thc river Froth
(Germ. Schaum, foam or froth.
Schaumwein = champagne).

Soog^dOB = escogidos (Span,, the
Elect, the Chosen).

Seneca, -ae, m, A Roman states-
man, thinker, and poet, of the
time of Nero. A passage in one
of his tragedies was interpreted
as prophesying the discovery of
the new world.

SenzapeBia (ValUs). Feather-
weight Valley , where the Academy
Dudosa is placed (Ital. senza,
without, from Lat. sine, andfeso,
weight).

Sequana (flumen), -ae, / The
Seine.

SialoB (flumen). Thc swollen,
Turgid rivcr (Gk. fiaUs, grease
or fat).

Slsypbus, -i, m. Is represented as
being punishcd in the lower world
by having to roU a stone con-
stantly to the top of a hill, from
which it rushes down each time
the summit is reached.

SpesiuB TraotUB. The Region
of Spending or Prodigals (Ital.
spesa, expense or cost).

Strabo, -onis, m, Strabo, a Roman
geographer.

Supermonica, -?Lt,f. The higher
language (apparently compounded
of super and sermo, specch. This
name was given by Paracelsus
(1493-1541), a celebrated Ger-
man-Swiss scholar and chemist,
to his mystic speech).

Sybariticus, -a, -um. Bclonging
to, or wortiiy of the Sybarites.
(%baris was a Greek colony in
S. Italy, which grew to grcat
wealth. Its inhabitants became
proverbial for their indolent and
luxurious habits.)

Tarooohium, -i, «. Mad-Man's-

Hold (Ital. taroccare, to storm,

rage).
Tartari, -omm. Latin for the

Tartars.
Thamesis, -is, m. Latin for the

Thames.
Tiberis, -is, m. The Tiber.
Torcolia, -ae, / Valley of thc

Wine-press (Ital. torcolo, a press).
Traubena, -ae,/ City of Grapes

(Germ. Traube, a bunch of

grapes).
Traurigii (montes). The Eery,

Lonesome Hills (Gcrm. iraurigy

sad, dreary).
TrioongiuB, -i, m, He of the

Triple Tun (congius, -i, m, A

Roman measurc of capacity, and

root tri, three).
Trinacria. A poetical name for

Sidly. It means the land of the

thrce comers (Gk. or Lat. tri root

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

117

of * three * and Gk. akroity a point
or corner). Proserpina is said to
have been carried off by Pluto to
the Lower World from Henna in
Sicily.

Trinkenius, -i. The Drinker
(Germ. trinken^ to drink).

Troverensis,-e, adj. (collegium).
The CoUege of Discoverers (Ital.
trovdre, to find, discover).

Tryphonia, -ae, /. Land of Free-
booters. Hallremarks: *Tryphon,
insignis latro apud Aegyptios,* cf.
Palus Tryphonia.

Tarcae, -arum, m. Latin for the
Turks.

Uoalegonium, City of *Don*t
Care ' (Gk. ouk, not, and alegein,
to care. A city Ucalegon is men-
tioned in Virgil).

Usoebatius traotus. The region
of whiskey, Glenlivet (?) (Keltic
uisge^ water, beatha^ life. Hall
says, * a Potu Hibernico').

Validollum (urbs). City of
powerful Odour, as was natural
becanse no water was used there,
but only wine (Lat. validus^
strong, oleo, to smell).

Vantarole (urbs). The City of
Boasting, Boastown (?) (Fr. van-
terie, boasting).

Variana. See Moronia Mobilis.

VarrOf -onis, m. An early Roman
writer on Agriculture and many
other subjects.

Vetulonium, -i, «. The City

► of Old Women, Old-Maidstone

(Lat, vetula, an old woman,

generally in a contemptuous

sense).
Venus, -eris,/ The Roman god-

dess of Beauty.
Viraginia, -ae, /. (or Gynia

Nova). The Land of the Viragoes

(Lat. virago, a brave strong

woman, generally however in a

good sense, heroic).
Vortunius, -i, m. One who tums,

' Turner ' (?) (Lat. verto or vorio,

to tum), Mr. Weathercock.
Vulcaaas, -i, m. The Roman god

of Fire*

WaUicas, -a, -um, adj. Latin

form for Welsh.
Westmottasteriotam, -i, n.

Latin dimin. form for Westmin-
ster.

Yvronia, -ae, /. (and Vvrones,
'Um, m. The people of Yvronia),
The Land of Hard Drinking
(Fr. ivre, drunk, ivrogne, drunk-
ard).

Zaufenius, -i, m, Drinker, Swiller

(Germ. saufen, to drink hard,

swill).
Zornus (flumen). The Wrathful

River (Germ, Zi7r«, rage, pas-

sion).
Zoufrenberga, -ae, / City of

hard drinking, * Tippleton ' (?)

(Germ. saufen). #

Zuokerii (colles). The Sugary

Hills (Germ. Zucker, sugar).
Zythaenia. Land of Beer and

Wine (Gk. Zuthus, an Egyptian

beer, and oinos^ wine).

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

a. <7r act. ^active

abl. » ablative

abstra. — abstract

acc. ^ accnsative

adj.«adjective

coUect. « collective(ly)

comm., CBCommon (geoder)

comp. s comparative

coDJ. =coDJunction

dat. = dative

decl. s: declension

defect. = defective

demonst. = demoastrative

dep. == depoDeDt, or depeadeDt

deriv. = derived

desid. =desiderative (i. e. expressing

desire)
dim.=dimiDntive

e.g.=exempli gratia, for example.
freq. = frequentative
gen. = genitive, or generally
i. q. = idem quod, the same as
imperat. «Bimperative
impers. = impersooal
iDcep. « iDceplive (i. e. iDdicating

beginning of an action)
indecl. «>.indcclinable
indef. — indefinite
inf. = inffcitive
intrans. = intransitive
lit.=literal(ly)
m. or masc. «■ masculine
MSS. « mannscripls
neg. = negative
nent. ■■ neuter
nent. (of verbs) « without an object

obj. « object

obs. = obsolete, gone out of nse

opp. s opposed to

ord. « ordinal

orig., origin. = originally

part. = participle

partit. ■= partitive

perh. »perhaps

pers. «s personal(ly)

Pers. — Person

pleon. = pleonastically

pl., plu., plur.aplural

poet. = poetical(ly)

prep. «• preposition

prop. = properly, in a proper sense

q. V. = quod vide, which see

rad. = radical, or root

rar.— rare(ly)

refl. « reflective

rt. = root

sc. = scilicet (supply)

8. V. « sub w)ce (see uuder that word)

sign.Bsignifies

subj. -> subjnnctive

snfT. «snflix

sup. = snperlative, or snpine

sup. =

syl. = syliable

syn. = synonymous (meaning the

same thing)
sync = syncopated (shortened)
1. 1. = technical term
transf. = transferred
usn. = usually
V. « verb, vide, or vox
voc. = vocative

N.B. — Numbers aitached to verbs indicate conjugation
to which they belong.

VOCABULARY

. All words whose use is non-classtcdl are marked wtth an
asterisk. Unmarked syllables are short except when clearly
iong hy position or conjugaiion.

a, or ab, prep.^ away from, froin,

from the side of, by {afterapassrve

verb),
abbas^ -atis» m., an abbot.
abdioo, -avi, -atum, iv,a,, to dis-

owo.
abddmeiif -inis, »., the lower part

of the belly, the abdomen (perAaps

a corruptim of adipomea from

adeps, fat).
abhorreo, -ni, no perf. part., 2,

to have a dread of, sbrink back

from, be averse to or from.
abigo, -egi, -actnm, 3 v. a., (ago),

to drive oif or away.
abdminor, -atns snm, i v. dep.y

to deprecate asan evil omen, pray

no ill may come of, loathe.
aborigines, -nm, m., original in-

habitants.
absens» -entis (absnm), part. and

adj.j absent.
absolvo, -vi, -ntnm, 3 v. a., to

free from, acqnit, complete or

finish.
ab-8orbeo, -bni, -ptum, 2 v. a ,

to swallow np.
abs-que, prep. with abl., withont.
abs-torgeo, -rsi, -rsnm, 2 v. a., to

wipe dry.
abstinentia, -ae, / (abstmens),

abstinence from food, fasting.
abfi-tineo, -ui, -tentum, a zr. «.,

attdfi. (teneo), to hold or keep

away from.
abimdans» -antis, part. and adj.,

abonnding, opnlent (abnndo =

overflow).
abimde» adv., abundantly.
aocessio» -dnis,/ (accedo), a com-

ing to, an addition.
acoido, -cidi, nopeff.part., 3 v. n.

(•cado), to happen.
aooingo, -nxi, -nctnm, 3 v. a. {but

gen. used intrans. or rejlect.^, to

gird to, on or about ; ctnd reflect.,

to gird one*s self.
acoipio, -cepi, -ceptnm, 3 v. a.

(capio), to accept, receive.
aooipiter, -tris, w., a hawk.
acoipitrinus, -a, -um, adj.f of a

hawk.
acclam&tio, -onis, f. (ticclamo),

a shont, an acclamation. •
aocl&mOy -avi, -atnm, i v. n., to

shout at. PVith Dat., to shont

applanse, to huzza.
accola. -ae, c. (colo), a neighbonr.
acconmiod&tuB, -a, -um, part.

and adj. (accommodo), fitted to,

suitable.
acconmiodo, -avi, -atum, 1 v. a.

(commodus), to adapt, devote to,

lend.
accubitua, -us, m. {- aqcnbitio,

cubo, to lie), a reclining at table.

I20

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

aoouratUB, -a, -um, part. (accuro),

studied, exact.
fioer, -cris, -cre,<u|^'.,pointed, sharp,

pungent.
aoesoo, acui, 3 v, n. incep, (aceo,

to be sour), to tum sour.
aoioula, -ae, / {root ac, sharp), a

small pin.
acquiesoo, -evi, -etum, 3 v, n,,

to give assent to.
aota, -orum, n. plu. of part. (ago),

what has been done, the prb-

ceedings.
ad, prep, with acc, towards, to,

against.
adaequo, -avi, -atum, i v. a. and

n, (aequus), to equal a thing.
adaquo, -avi, -atum, i v. a. (aqua),

to give to drink.
addioo, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., to

assign, make over to, acc. and dat.
add5, -didi, -ditum, 3 z^. a., to put

to, add to.
aded, cuiv. {fit. to that point), to

such a degree.
ad-haereo, -haesi, -haesum, 2 v. n.,

to stick or cleave lo, with dat.
ad-huc, adv. {lit, to this point,

either of place or time), till now,

hitherto.
ad-iaceo, -cfii, noperfpart.j 2 v. «.,

to lie at or near, with dat. or ad.
ad-imo, -emi, -emptum, 3 v. a.

(emo), to take away, darken.
ad-ipiscor, -eptus, 3 v,dep. (api-

scor), to reach, obtain, with acc.
ad*iUDgo, -nxi, -nctum, 3 v, a., to

join to, acc. and dat.
ad-ministro, -avi, -atum, i v.a.,

to attend upon or assist, to serve.
admodum, adv, (modus) {lit. up

to the measure), very, excessively.
adoleBoentia, -ae, /. (adolescens,

young, growing), youth.
adolesoentulus {also adul.), -i, m,

dim., a very young man.
ad-olesco (adul.),-evi {very rarely

-ui), ^v, n. incep.f to grow up,

increase.

ad-orior, -ortus, 4 v. dep. {lit, to

rise up at), to attack, with acc.
ad-oro, -avi, -atum, i v, a, In

the ante-class, and later period^ to

speak to, worship, adore.
adulor, -atus, i v. dep., to fawn

as a dog, flatter, welcome.
adultero, -avi, -atum, i v, a, ctnd

n.y to defile, corrupt.
adultus, -a, -um,/flr/. (adolesco),

fuU grown, adult.
ad-umbro, -avi, -atum, i v. a.^ to

cast a shadow upon.
ad-uncuB, -a, -um, adj. , hooked.
advena, -ae, c (ad-venio), a

foreigner, stranger.
advento, -avi, -atnm, i v.freq,^

to approach.
adventuB, -us, m, (advenio), ap-

proach.
adverBUS (advorsus^j-aj-um^/flr/.

(adverto) and adj., tumed to-

wnrds, opposite : ex adverso, op-

posite to, over against.
aedes and aedis {the olderform\

-is, f,t a building. In the sing.^

a sanctuaiy, temple ; a dwelHng

for men, usu, only in the plu. as

a collection of several apartments,

house.
aedificium, -ii, n. (aedes and

facio), a building of any kind.
aedilis, -is, m., an aedile, a magis-

trate at Rome who had the super-

intendence of public and private

buildings.
aegre^a^z/. (aeger. sick or ill), un-

comfortably, discessit aegre ferens,

taking it ill, displeased.
aegroto, -avi, -atum, i v. n,

(aegrotus, sick), to be sick.
aemulus, -a, -um, adj.., emnlons

{^with dat. or gen.), rivalling.
aeneus or ahSneus, -a, -um,

acl/. (aes), of bronze.
aeque, adv.f equally, also.
aequUB, -a, -um, cuf/.y equal, like,

fair; aequum as sub, very freq.,

what is right.

VOCABULARY

121

fierius, more rar, &ereu8, -a, -nm,

€uij.^ airy, aerial.
aerugo, -inis,/, nist of copper.
aes, aeris, »., copper.
aestimo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

valne, estimate.
aetas, -atis, /. {gen,plur. usu. aeta-

tnm, but also aetatium), time of

life, age.
aetemus, -a, -nm, a^'.,age>lasting,

everlasting, etemal ; in aetemnm)

poet. (aevum), for ever.
aevum, -i, »., a space of time, age.
affabre, adv. (ad and faber, q. v.),

ingeniously, skilfully.
af-fatim (adf.), a/so written ad

fatim, adv.^ snfficiently, abun-

dantly.
affeoto (adf.), -avi, -atum, i

v.freq. (afficio), to strive after,

aim at, with acc.
affectUS (adf.), -ns, m. (afficio,

to bring abont, to affect), disposi-

tion of mind, emotion.
af-fero (fero, q. v.), to bring or

convey to.
af-figo (adf.),-ixi, -ixum, 3 v.a.,

to fasten to, fix on, acc, and dat.
affixus, -a, -nm, part. (affigo),

fastened or joined to.
ager, -gri, m., a field.
agger, -eris, m. (ad and gero),

a rampart, mound.
agsrero, -avi, -atnm, i v. a. (agger),

to heap up, fiU np.
aggestus, -a, -nm,/ar/. (aggero,

aggessi, dr»^.).
ag-gredior (adg.), -gressus, 3

V. dep. (gradior, to go, or march),

to approach, attack or assault,

begin, acc.
ag-grego (adg.), -avi, -atum, i

V. a., to bring into the flock, to

add.
agito, -avi. -atnm, i v. a.freq. (ago) ,

to move or shake about, toss upon

the sea, keep (e. g. holiday).
agnellus, -i, m. dim., a little lamb.
agnosco (adgn. or adn.), -n5vi.

-nitum, 3 v.a., recognize, allow,

acknowledge.
agnus, -i, m., a lamb.
&gOy egi, actum, 3 v. a., to

drive, impel. Oftime : to spend,

pass. I/ence {rare) absol. : to

live, pass the time, or be some-

where; also to act as, play the

partof; iw/^rdf/., age, agite, come

on!
ag^cola, -ae, m. (ager, colo), a

hnsbandman.
albico, i V. n. (albus), to be white.
albidus, -a, -um, adj.^ whitish.
album, -i, «., the colour white, a

white tablet, list, register.
albumen*, -inis, n. (albus), white

(ofeggs).
alecula, -ae, /., fish pickle.
alee, alitis {gen. plur. alitnm and

alituum) (ala), orig. adj. afttr-

wards subst.^ gen. comm.\ adj.^

winged; subst.y a bird.
alias, adv. (alius), elsewhere, at

another time.
alibi, adv. {The old loc. of alius.

Ali«=else, and -bi is the locative

case-endin^, elsewhere.
alienus, -a, -um, adj. (alius),

belonging to another person.
alimentum, -i, n. (alo), susten-

ance, food.
aliorsum or aliorsus, contr. of

alioversum and alioversus, which

are also used, adv.y in another

direction.
aliquam, adv. (aliquis), in some

degree.
aliquamdiu, adv.^ for a while.
aliquantulum, adv. (aliquantn-

lus, dim. from aliquis), a little,

somewhat.
aliquis, aliqnid, plur. aliqui (ali-

quis), pron. indef subst., some

one, any one.
aliunde, adv. (ali, unde), from

another place.
alius, -a, -ud, ad/., not the same,

different, other.

122

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

allaoriinaiis,-ntis,/dir/. (lacrima),

shedding tears npon or over.
al-licio(adl.), -lexi, -lectum, 3 v, a.,

to draw gently to, entice.
al-lido (adl.), -si, -sum, 3 v, a.

(laedo), to strike or dash against.
al-ligo (adl.), -avi, -atnm, i v. a.^

to bind to, fix.
allium {or alium), -i, »., garlic.
alo, alui, altnm a/fdTalitum, 3 z^. ^7.,

nourish, support, maintain, pro-

mote, let grow.
alte, ach., highly, deeply.
alter, -tera, -tenim, adj.y one of

two, the other of two.
altemus, -a, -nm, adj. (alter),

altemate, one after the other.
altitudo, -dinis, / (altus), height,

elevation.
altus, -a, -um. adj. orig. part.from

alo, high, lofty, elevated.
am&rus, -a, -um, adj., bitter.
ambages, -is, / (found only in

the abl, sing.f but the plur. is

completef gen. ambagum) (amb or

ambi, around and ago), a round-

about way, a winding.
ambigo {no perf.) 3 v. n. (-ago),

to wander about, to be in doubt.
amb-io, -ivi and -ii, -ilunx, 4 v. n.

and a.y to go around,sollicit.
ambitio, -onis, /. (ambio), a striv-

ing for favour, seeking after rank,

fame, &c., ambition.
amica, -ae,/ (amicus), sweetheart.
am-ioio, -icui or -ixi, -i6tum,4 v.a.^

to wrap about> clothe.
amictus, -a, -um, part. (amrcio).
amiculum, -i, n, (amicio), a

mantle, cloak.
&-mitto, -isi, -issum, 3 v. a., to let

go, let slip, lose.
amo, -avi, atum, i z/. a., to love,

in etUreatieSy amabo or amabo

te, I shall be much obliged, be so

good, I pray.
amoenitas, -atis, / (amoenus)

{root of amo prob,), pleasantness,

delightfulness.

amoenus, -a, -um, adj,^ pleasant,

delightful, ciiarming.
amphibius, -a, -um {Gk. amphi=»

ambi, and bios, life), amphibioaa^

living in both elements.
amphora, -ae,/, flagon, jar.
am-pleotor, -exus, 3 v. dep, {act,

form ampleoto), to embrace.
amplio, -avi, -atum, i v. a, (am-

plus), enlarge, increase.
amplus, -a, -um, adj., large, wide.
amygdalum, -i, »., an almond.
an, conj,, or, or whether, whether,

7vith nescio, I almost think, pro-

bably.
anachoreticus, -a, -nm, adj, {Gk,

anachorein, to retire), retired, re-

cluse.
anas, anatis {gen, plur. anatum,

rarely anatium),/, the dnck.
anchoviae*, -arum, / //wr., an-

chovies.
anoilla, -ae,/ dim.^2i maid-servant,

slave.
anfiraotUB, -us, m. (amb and frag

the root of frango), a cnrving or

bending, circuitous route.
anguis, -is, ^,, a snake, a serpent.
angulus, -i, m. {root ang, narrow),

an angle, a comer.
ang^stiae, 'Bmmjf.plur,, a narrow

place, difficulty.
angustus, -a, -um, adj. {root ang),

narrow, scanty, smal).
anhilo, -avi, -atum, 1 v, n, and a,

(anhelus), to draw deep breath^
anhelus, -a, -um, adj. (halo, to

breathe), puffing.
anicula, -ae, / dim. (anus, an old

woman), little old woman.
anima, -ae, /, wind, the breath,

soul.
animadverto (vort.), -ti, -sum,

3 V, a. {contr.from animum adver-

to), to bend the mind to, observe,

7tfith CLCC,

animal, -alis {abl, reg. animali)
(animalis, adj.)^ »., a living being.
an anipfial.

VOCABULARY

123

anixnaloula» -ae, /. dim,, little

animal.
animus» -i, m* {v, anima), will,

purpose, desire, character, spirit,

entertainment, pleasure ; animi

causa, as a pastime.
annoBUS, -a, -um, adj. (annns),

aged, old.
an-numero (adn.), -avi, -atum,

I v,a.y to count out to, ascribe to.
an-nuo (adn.), -ui, -utum, %v. n.,

to nod to, grant.
annus» -i, m., a year.
ansa, -ae,/., a handle.
anser» -eris, m.y a goose, gander.
ante» prep. with acc, and adv.,

before, in front of.
ante-oello (J>erf, and perf. pari.

not used)j 5 v. «., to snrpass, excel,

with dat.
antd-h&c, before this, ago.
ante-pdnOf -sui, -situm, 3 v. a.,

with acc, aftd dat,, place before,
., to prefer, give the preference.
antious, -a, -nm, adj. (ante), in

front, foremost.
anUquitas, -atis, /. (antiquus),

antiquity, ancientness.
antiquitua, adv,, in former times,

anciently.
antiquo, -avi, -atum, i v, a,, to

reject, bring into abeyance.
antlquus, -a, -um, adj. (ante ; an-

other form of ant-lcus opposed to

posticus), former, old, ancient.
finulus (ann.), -i, ///., a ring.
anxiUB, -a, -um, adj, (ango v.

choke, distress), anxions, un-

certain.
apage» interj., away ! begone ! with

acc. or absol.
aper, -pri, m.^ a wild boar.
aperio» -erui, -ertum, 4 v. a., to

uncover, open.
apex, -icis, m., the tip or top of a

thing.
ap-pello (adp.), -puli, -pulsum, 3

v. a, and «., to drive, move,

bring to land, make any coast;

constr, with acc, of navis, classis,

^c.
appello (adp.), -avi, -atum, i v.,a,,

to call upon, speak to, accost or

address, name or call.
ap-pendo (adp.), -endi, •ensum,

3 v. rt., to hang.
appetitus (adp., -peto), -Gs, m., an

onset, an eager longing or desire,

appetite.
applausuSy -us (-plaudo), m,, ap-

plause.
applioo (adp.), -avi and-\x\, -atum,

I V. a., to direct intently towards,

apply.
ap-pono (adp.), -posui, positum,

^v.a., to lay at, near, serve up, put

on the table.
apporto (adp.), -avi, -atum, i v. a.,

to carry, bring to.
apud, prep. with acc, near, at, in

authors, apud Xenophontem.
aqua, 'Vit,f, water.
aquilonaris, ^e, cuij. (aqnilo, -onis,

/«., the North Wind), northem.
&ra, -ae, /, an altar ; arae et foci,

altars and hearths.
&rbitrium {sometimes arbiterium),

-ii, n. (arbiter, ad + root ba, to go),

a being present, decision, will.
arbor, -oris {plder form arbos, like

labos, colos, honos), a tree.
arca, -0.6, f„ a chest, coffer.
arcanus, -a, -um, adj. (arca), /rV.,

shut up, closed; sulfst. arcanum,

-i, n,, a secret.
architectus, -i, m., a master-

builder, an architect, inventor,
arcus, -us, ///., a bow, an arch.
ardeola, -ae,/, the egret or {per-

haps) stork.
arena, -ae,/ (areo, to be dry), ori^.

ad/. sc. terra, dry earth, sand.
arenosuB, -a, -um, adj., sandy.
areola, -ae,/, a small garden-plot.
argenteus, -a, -um, adj. (argen-

tum, -i, n., silver), of silver, made

of silver.
argillaoeus» -a, -um, adj., of clay.

124

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

aries, -ietis, m,^ a ram.

arma, -5rum, «. //«., tools, arms.

armatura, -ae,/. (armo, i v. a., to

arm)) equipment, armotir.
annentiim, -i, n, {root ar, to

plough), cattle for ploughing, any

beast of draught, herd.
aroma, -atis, »., smell.
aromatarius, -i, fn,, perfumer.
ar-rideo (adr.), -risi, -risum, 2 v. «.,

to smile upon, please ; wiih dat.
ar-ripio (adr.), -ripui, -reptum, 3

V. a. (rapio), to seize.
artifex, -icis, m. (ars facio), artificer.
artificiose, adv., skilfuUy.
artifieiosus, -a, -um, adj, (artifi-

cinm), skilful.
artifloium» -ii, n. (artifex), trade,

art; skilfulness.
arundo (har.), -inis,/!, a reed, cane.
arundinetum, -i, «., bed of rceds.
arx, arcis,/!, a stronghoTd, citadel.
a-80endo(adsc.),-ndi,-nsum, 32^. >;.,

to mount up, ascend, with acc,
asinus, -i, m.^ an ass.
aspeotus, -us, ///., look, sight, ap-

pearance.
a-spergo (adsp.), -ersi, -ersum, 3

V, a. (spargo), to scatter or strew

upon, sprinkle upon, besprinkle,

ivith acc, and dat. or abl,
aspemor» -atus, i v. dep. act. (ab

spernor), to reject, despise.
aspersio (adsp.), -onis, /. (asper-

go), a sprinkling.
as-porto (abs-porto), -avi, -atum,

I v,a,y to carry away.
as-servo (ads.), -avi, -atum, xv.a.^

to keep, guard.
assidue (ads.), adv.y continually.
asthmatious, -a, -um, adj. {Gk.

asthma, gasping), asthmatic.
a-stipulor (adst.), -atus, i v. dep,,

to make a contract, to agree with

«assentiri {rare),
a-Sto (adst.), -stiti, noperf, part., i

v, n.yto stand at or near, stand by.

Ifa casCf dat,
astrologuSy -i, m. {Gk, astron, a

star, and logos, speech), a star-

interpreter, astrologer.
at or ast, conj,, but, yet.
atavus, -i, m, (avus), the father of

the great-great-grandfather, ances-

tor, forefather.
atque or ao, conj.y and also, and

even, and.
atrium, -ii, »., the hall.
at-tendo (adt.), -endi, -entum, 3

V. a.y to stretch or bend in some

direction ; animum or animos at-

tendere, to direct the attention.
at-tingo (adt.), -tigi, -tactum, 3

V, a, (tango), to touch, to reach.
attonitus (adt.), -a, -um, part,

(attono, to thunder at), thunder-

struck, awe-struck.
attritus (adt.), -a, -um, part, (at-

tero), worn away.
auotor, -oris, com. (augeo), in-

ventor, founder, author.
auotoritas (not autor. »^r author.),

-atis, /. (auctor), power, reputa-

tion, dignity, influence.
audaoia»-ae,/. (audax, -acis, adj.),

boldness, audacity.
audeo, ausus, 2 v. a. iperf, ausi =

ausus sum, Cato. Whence subj,

ausim, ausis, ausit, ausint), to

venture, dare ; cottstr, with acc,

inf.y andabsol,
audio, -ivi or -ii, -itum, 4 v, a.,

to hear, learn, hear something of

oneself ; attd with bene or male,

to be ih good or bad repute.
auditio, -onis, / (audio), a listen-

ing to, report, hearsay.
aU(£tor» -oris, w., a hearer,scholar.
augeo» auxi, auctnm, 2 v. a. and

n.y to make to grow, increase, en-

rich, advance, to honour ; tteut,,

to grow, increase (rare).
augustus, -a, -um, adj, (augeo),

sacred, venerable.
aulicus, -a, -nm, adj,y pertaining

to a princely court ; aulici, -orum,

m, plu,y courtiers ; aulica vita,

court life.

VOCABULARY

125

aura^ -w,/., a gentle breeze ; ann

popnlaris, the shifring breeze of

popular £iToiir.
auris» -is,^, the ear; anies, a paii

of ears.
aurum, -i, n., gold.
ausoulto, -avi, -atnm, i v. /re^.

{root o/ andio), to listen to ; with

dat,y to hear obediently.
ausim, v, andeo.
auspicato, adv,^ after taking the

auspices {rcally abl, part, of au-

spicor, I dep,),
auspic&tus, -a, -nm^part. (auspi-

cor), consecrated by angaries;

fortnnate, faTourable.
auBpiciimi, -ii, ». (auspex, avis,

and specio, to look), a bird-

watching, divination from birds,

auspices.
auster» -tri, m., the sonth wind;

the south conntry, the south.
australis» -e. adj, (anster), south-

em.
aut, conj.^/rom alterum, or.
autem, conj. (f. aut), again ; but
autumo, -avi, -atum, i v. «., to

say, think.
auidlium, -ii, n. (angeo, prob.

through an obsoUte adj. auxilis),

help, aid, assistance; auxiliaries,

esp. inplur.
&ver8or, -atus, i v. dep, (averto),

to tum oneself away, repulse.
aversor, -oris, »/., refuser {rare),
avioula, -ae, / (avis, -is, /, a

bird), a little bird.
avide, adv., eagerly, greedily.
avidus, -a, -um, adj. (aveo), eager,

greedy.
avolo, -avi, -atum, iv.n., to fly off.
avus, -i, m,, a grandfather.

baculum» -i, n, (aiso baculus, -i,

m,), a stick.
bftiiuus, -i, m., a carricr of a

burden, a porter.
ballista (a/so balista, and ballis-

tra), -ae./ {Gk. ballein, to throw),

a laige militaiy engine for hnrling

stones and other missilrs, the

ballista.
balsamum, -i, n,, a firagrant gnm,

bahn.
baptiso, -avi, -atnm, v, a, (Gk.

word introduced into Latin by

Christian writers), to baptize.
barba, -ae,/, the beaid ; barbam

promittere, to let it grow.
barbarus» -a, -nm, a/fy\, foreign,

strange, barbarous, savage.
be&titudo, -inis, / (beains, ad/,,

happy), happiness, blessedness.
bedellus*, -i, m,, a beadle, atten-

dant.
bellicosus, -a, -um, adj, (bellnm),

warlike. Hence adverd, bellicose.
bellum, -i, 1«. (Jrom du-ellum), war.
bellus, -a, -um, adj\ {hence Fr.

beau), charming, lovely.
belua (bellua), -ae, /, a beast,

monster.
beluinus (bell.), -a, -um, adj,,

bestial, gross.
bene, adv., well, rightly ; with adj\

and adv„ very, right, exceedingly.
bene-dioo, -xi, -ctum, 3 v, n. and

fl., to speak well of, bless ; dat.
beneficentia, -ae, /, kindness,

beneficence.
beheficium, -ii, n, (beneficus, adj,,

bene and facio), kindness, favour.

benefit.
benevolentia, -ae, / (bene and

volens), good-will, kindness.
bene-volus, -a, -um, adj\ (volo),

well-wishing.
benigne, adv., kindly, generously.
benignus, -a, -um, adj. (bene mtd

root gen,to become),kind-hearted.

kmdly.
beo, -avi, -atum, i v.a. {hence adj\

beatus), to make happy, to bless,
bestia, -ae,/, a beast.
beta, -ae,/, a vegetable, the beet.
bibax, -acis, adj\ (bibo), fond of

drmkmg.

126

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

bibliotheoa, -ae, / {Gk. biblion,

a book, and* theke, a chest or

receptacle), a library, a library-

room and a coUection of books.
bi-oolor, -oris, cuij»^ tworcoloured.
bi-&on8, -ontis, adj, (frons), with

two foreheads or faces.
bilinguis, -e, adj. (bi-lingua), two-

tongued, double-tongued.
bis» adv, num.y twice.
blande, adv.^ flatteringly.
blandus» -a, -um, adj,^ flattering,

agreeable.
bombarda*» -ae, /. (bombus),

cannon, gun.
bombus, -i, »/., a hoUow, deep

sound {hence Fr. bombe).
bonum, -i, a good ; plur.y pro-

perty, goods.
bonus» -a, -um, adj, {comp, me-
. lior ; sup, optimus;, good, right,

upright.
boreaSis» -is, -e, adj,^ to the north,

northem.
bos, bovis, plur. boves, boum, bobus

or bubus, c, an ox, a buU, a cow.
bovillus» -a, -um, adj.^ pertaining

to oxen or kine.
br&c&tus (bracc), -a, -um, adj,

(braca), wearing trowsers or

breeches.
brevis» -e, adj.^ short, little, small ;

in brevi tempore, brevi tempore,

and absol, brevi or in brevi, in

a short time, soon.
brutiU9, -a, -um, adj, {root bar,

beavy), heavy, dull, stupid.
bubo» -onis, w., an owl.
bulla, -ae, /, a bnbble, boss worn

upon the neck.
burgomagister*» -ri, m. (Jrom

Ger, Burg and magister), burgo-

master.
bursa, -ae, /, a purse, the * Ex-

change,' the latter sense being

non-classical,

cachinnus, -i, m , a loud laugh,
laughter, jeering.

caoumeny -inis, n., the peak, sum-

mit.
cadaver, -eris, »., a dead body,

carcass.
cado, cecidi, casum, 3 v.n,, to

fall.
caduB, -i, m,y a large vessel for

containing liquids, esp. wine.
caecus» -a, -um, adj,, blind.
caecutio, -ivi, -ire, «;,«., to be blind

(rare),
oaedes, -is,/ (caedo), slaughter.
caelestis» -e, adj.f pertaining tothe

sky or heaven, celestial.
caelicola» -ae, adj, (caelum colo),

dwelling in heaven, a deity.
caelo, -avi, -atum, i v.a. (caelum),

to engrave in relief upon metals,

engrave.
caelum, -i, »., heaven.
caementiun,-i, n, (caedo), a rough

stone, rubble.
caespes {cdso cespes), -itis, m,

(caedo), a turf, sod.
caespititius, -a, -um, adj., of

turf.
calamus, -i, m, {Greek\ a reed,

a reed-pen, an angling-rod.
calcaneum, -i, n, (calx, calcis, /,

heel) (a rare form for calx), the

heel.
calceatus, -a, -um, part,, wearing

shoes, shod.
calco» -avi, -atum, i »,«. (calx),

to tread upon.
calida, -ae (calda), /, warm water

(aqua),
calidus» -a, -um, adj,, warm, hot

{kence It, caldo, Fr, chaud).
caliz, -icis, m, {hence chalice), a

cup, goblet.
calleo, 2 V, n. and a, (callnm,

hardened skin), to be thick-

skinned, hardened, practised, skil-

ful, versed in.
calor, -oris, m. (caleo, to bc warm),

warmth, heat, glow.
calvuSf -a, -um, adj,, bald. -
oalz» calcis,/, the heel.

VOCABULARY

127

oam.9iu^ -i, ■!. 'Gnei^ , a cudcL j
caTnfnia^ -i, ai. y^Grrei^an oven\

m. fotge, fiie-place yE^g^. duwafew\
campynnl»*. -ae,/, a bdL |

cninilliw, «is, m., gioove, chaiiBd^ |
oazioello*, -m, -arc^ i v. «. ^caiccr^ ,

to shnt ap '^in pnson\ ,

canclidni^ -a, -tim, o^. (candeo, to .

be bngbr, dear, farigfat.
oanTnni^ -a, -m, aJ/\, pdtaining {

to a dog. I

caniB, 'h, c, a dog. j

cano^ oedni, cantnm, 3 7.1*. M^tf.,

to sing.
candnia» -a, -nm, ad/'. (canor),

tnnefbl, melodioiis.
cantharPB, -i, «r. [Greei , a wide-

bellied drinking yessd, tankard, •

pot. I

cantilena» ae,/, an old song.
eantiliTieiila» -ae, / dimt, (cantio, I

-oni^ /, a soog), a flattcring,

alliuing song.
canto, rv. ic anda,frtq. (cano), to

sing, Gclcbiate. 1

oapella, -ae;,/ dim, (caper, -ri, wr., '

a fae-gcat), a shc-goat.
capio^ cepi, captnm, 3 17. o., to '

takc, seiz& 1

capistrum, -i, n. (Fr. ckevHre'^ '

ahalter. ' \

capitalia» -«. adj., affecting a '

man*s capot, eiiJur in the sense of

life or of social fosition ; dcadly,

mortal.
capra» -ae,/ (caper), a she-goat.
caprinua» ^^ -nm, adj, (caper),

pertaining to goats.
captivus» -a, -nm, adj. (captns,

capio), a prisoner, captiTC.
captOf -avi, -atnm, i v.a, freq.

(capio), to catch, cndeaTour to

catch, to hnnt.
caputy -itis, »., the head.
carbdn&riu8*,-a, -nm, adj. (carbo,

-oois, m., bamt wood), pertaining

to chaicoal. a collicr.
oaroer, -cr», m., a prison. jaiL
caxduuB, -i, m,, thc thistle.

oareo^ -ni, -itnm, j r.n., consfr,

Mk afi/\ to be widiont.
oanna, -ae,/, ked, a ship.
caniifia, -ids (caio amd faao), m^

caro^ caniis,/, flesh.

oaipo!» -pa, -ptam, 3 «. «l. to pick,

gathei.
caroa» -a, -nm, ad;., dear, costiv.
caseoa» -i, av., cbeese.
castigo^ -ari, -atnm, i v.a, to

deanse, diastise, pnnish.
oaatmm, -i, «., foitress.
castna, -a, -nm, ad/., pnre, diaste,

boly.
cataloeraa, -i, m. ^Greek^, a list
catarrhua» -i, m. ^GJb. kata, down,

and ihotts, a flowing), a catanh,

cold.
cataatropha» -ae, / {GJL stie-

}^in, to tuni \ tmning-point,

catastrophc*.
catelluB, -i, m. eSm. (catulns./vMi

obsol. catiis, a dog), a littlc d<^,

pnppy.
caterva, "M.Ctf, a ciowd, troop,

flock.
cathedra, -ae, / {Greek\ a chair,

teachcr's or profcssor^s chaii*.
cauda» -ac, / (It. eoda\ the tail of

animals.
caulia, -is, «m., the stalk or stem of

a plant ; esp. a cabbage-stalk.
caupo, -onis, «f., a pctty trades-

man, innkccpcr.
causa, -ac,/, a canse.
canfridicua, -i, m. (cansa dico), a

pleader, advocatc, lawyer.
cauaor, -atns, i v. dep. (cansa), to

gi^e a reason, all^ as an ex-

cose, complain of.
cautUB, -a, -um, part. (caveo),

wary, provident.
cavea, -ac,/ {root cav, hoUow), a

cavity, an inclosure for animals.
oavec^ -avi, cautum, 3 f. j». amd a.,

to take caie, beware ; witk ut, to

take care that, to order. decree.
eavuB, -a, -um, ar^*.,hollow,coiicaTe.

128

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

cedo, cessi, cessum, i v, n. and a,j

togo.
celeber, -bris, -bre, adj.^ crowded,

renowned»
cena, morecorrectformofcotn^ii q,v.
censeOy -ui, censum, 2 v, a., to

count, reckon, think, hold, judge,

be of opinion.
oensio; -onis,/!, estimating, assess-

ing.
oentaums» -i, m. {Greek\ amythi-

cal creature, half man, half horse.
centum, indecl. num,^ a hundred.
oercopithecuB, -i, m, {Gk. kerkos,

tail, a;{^pithekos, ape), amonkey.
cereuSy -a, -um, adj. (cera, wax),

waxen, of wax.
cereuSy -i, m,, a wax-light, wax-

taper.
cernOy crevi, cretum, 3 v, a., to

distinguish, discem, perceive ; to

decide.
certamen, -inis, n. (certo, i v. n.,

to contend), a contest.
oerte, adv., certainly.
certue» -a, -um {orig, part, cerno ;

but usu, adj,)f determined, fixed.
cerussa, -ae, /, white-lead, used

as a cosmetic,
cerussfttus, -a, -um, adj. (cerassa),

coloured or painted.
cervisia, -ae,/., beer.
cervix, -icis,/., the neck.
ceterum» adv.t otherwise, but.
chalcis, -idis, / {Greek\ a fish

(like a herring.)
chamaeleon, -ontis, m, {Greek),

chameleon.
charaoter» -eris, m, {Greek)^ a

mark, character.
charta» -ae, /., paper, plate ; c.

picta, painting.
cholericus, -a, -um, adj, {Gk,

cholos, bile), hot-tempered.
chymisticus*,-a, -um, adj,, magic,

alchemist.
cibus» -i, »i., food.
cic&tncdsus, -a, -um, adj. (cica-

trix, -icis,/, a scar), full pf scars.

cieo» civi, citum, 2V,a., to rouse up.
oinotorium, -ii, «., a girdle.
oingo» -xi, -nctum, 3 v, a., to gird,

surround, encircle.
cingulum, -i, «., a girdle, belt,
oiroa, adv, and prep. with acc, for

circum, around, about.
oiroulatim, adv. (circulor, i v,dep.

from circulus, dim. of circus, a

circle), in a circle.
oiroum» cuiv, and prep, with acc.y

around, about, all around.
ciroumoingo, -cinxi, -cinctum, 3

V, a., to encircle.
oircum-do, -dedi, -datum, -dare,

I V, a., to put round; constr, (i)

with acc. and dat,y set round ; (2)

with acc, and abl.f enclose with

something.
oiroum^spioio, -exi, -ectum, 3

V. n. and a., to look about.
oirciun-volo, -avi, -atum, i v. a,,

to fly around.
oito, adv,, soon, speedily, quickly.
oitreuSf -a, -um, adj, pertaining

to the citrustree.
civis, -is, c.f a citizen (male or

female).
oivitas» -atis {gen. plur, sometimes

civitatium), / (civis), citizenship,

the state, a city.
olam, adv,^ secretly, privately.
olamito, -avi, -atum, i v. n, and

a, freq. (clamo, i v. a.), to cry

aloud.
clanoularius, -a, -um, ad/., secret.
olanculum, adv, (clam), secretly,

privately.
olangor, -oris, m, (clango, 3 v. «.),

clang, noise.
olarus, -a, -um, adj.f clear, bright,

shining; famous.
classis, -is,/ {adt. classi or classe),

a class or division, a fieet.
olaudico (clodico), i v, n. (clau-

deo, to limp), to limp, halt {cf

albico).
olaudo, -si, -sum, 3 v,a,y to shut,

close, surround.

VOCABULARY

129

olauBUla» -ae, /. (claudo), in rhe-

toric, the close of a period, sen-

tence.
olftvia, -is, /. {acc, clayim or cla-

vem ; abl, davi or clave), a key.
olementiay -ae, /. (clemens, -entis,

culf., mild), mildness, hamanity.
clepsydra» -ae,/. {Greek\ a water-

clock.
olienB. -tis, m., client, ally.
oloaoa» -ae,/.,an artificial canal, a

sewer, drain ; cuij» cloacalis.
oo-arto (coarcto), -avi, -atam, i

V. o., to press together.
ooena {niore correctly cena), -ae,

/., the principal meal of the

Romans ; dinner, supper.
ooeno (caen. and cen.), -aviy-atum,

I V, n. and a. (coena), dine, eat.
ooenobiolum*, -i, n., a cloister.
ooenobita% -ae, m. {Gk. koinos,

common, and bios, life)» a monk,

priest.
ooeptum, -i, n, (coepi), a begin-

ning, undertaking.
ooepiOy coepi, coeptum, zv.a.y to

begin ; perf. withpres. meaning.
oo-eroeOy -cui, -citum, 2 v. a.

(arceo), to shut up, restrain.
cdgilx), -avi, -atum, i v. a. (con-

trcuted from co-agito), to con-

sider, reflect upon, think.
oogn&tio, -onis, / (cognatus), rela-

tionship by birth, relatives, family.
CO-gn&tus, -a, -um, adj., related

by birth, kinsman.
oognomino, no perf.y -atum, i

V. a.y to fumish with a snrname.
00'gaOB0O, -gn5vi, -gnitum, 3 v. a.

(nosco), to investigate, perceive,

see, leam ; and in the perf tenseSy

to know {shows origincU root gno,

to know).
0dgo« coegi, coactum, 3 v. a.

{contr, from conago, i. e. cum-

ago), to drive together, collect,

assemble.
oolaphuSy -i, m, {Greek), a box on

the ear.

ool-ligo (conl.), -egi, -ectum, 3

v. a, (lego), to sweep together,

coUect, assemble.
OOl-looo (conl.), -avi, -atum, i

V. a, (locus), to place together,

place, station; to give, settle in

marriage.
oollum, -i, n.f the neck.
ooUybista» -ae, ///., money-

changer, broker.
oollybUB (coUubus), -i, m, (Greek),

exchange.
oolOf -ui, cultum, $v. a., to abide,

dwell, foster, worship.
oolonus, -i, m. (colo), husband-

man, farmer.
OOlor (o/d form colos), -5ris, m,

the complexion; poet., beauty,

lustre, colour in general.
ooldr&tus, -a, -um, part. (col5ro,

i V. a.) ; adj.^ variegated.
oolumba, •vn^tf, a dove, pigeon.
oolumna» -ae,/., column, pillar.
colUB. (-i aftcT) -us,/, a distaff.
oom-edo, -edi, -esum or -estum, 3

V. a.f to eat up, consume.
com-es» -itis, c, companion.
comit&tUB, -us, m. (comitor, i v.

dep.), an escort.
oommens&liB*» -is, c, sharer of

table, messmate.
oom-meroium»-ii, n., trade, traffic.
com-minuo» -ui, -utum, 3 v. a,,

to make small, beat.
com-mi8oeo« -scui, -xtum or

-stum, 2 V. a., mingle together.
oom-mitto, -mlsi, -missum, 3 z/. a.,

to join together, unite ; to set face

to face, to set on, set fighting ; en-

tmst, risk.
oommode» adv., aptly, conveni-

ently, well.
oom-modus, -a, -um, adj, (con

and modus), fitted or adapted

to.
oom-moror, -atus, i v, n, and a,

dep.y tarry, stay.
oommotio, -5nis, / (commoveo),

motion, agitation.

K

I30

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

oommdtus, -a, -nm, part, (com-

moveo), moYed, excited.
oom-moveOf -movi, -motum, 2

V, a.y move, stir.
oom-munis» -e, cuij. (mmitts),

common, ordinary, general.
oom-muto, -avi, -atum, i v. a,, to

change about; to change, to

barter.
comparatua» -a, -um, adj,, fuUy

ready.
oom-paro, -avi, -atum, i 9. a,,

to put together, furnish, procure,

obtain.
oompello, -avi, -atum, i v. a,, to

accost, address.
oompenao, -avi, -atum, i v.a., to

balance, to make good, compen-

sate, wtik acc.
oomperiOy -peri, -pertum, 4 v. a,,

to find out.
oom-peto, -Ivi ^r-ii,-itum, 3 v. n.

and a,, to meet^ coincide; with

dat,, fit
oom-pingo, -P^gi» -pactum, 3 »• a,

(pango, to beat, weld), to fix to-

gether, join.
compittim» -i, n, {fnostly inplur,),

a cross-way, cross-road.
oom-pleo» -evi, -etum, 2 v, a., to

fill up.
com-pono» -posui, -positum, zv,a,,

to place or lay together, put in

order, arrange.
oom-pOB» -otis, adj,, having the

mastery of, participating ; compos

animi, of a sane mind ; voti, hav-

ing obtained or gratified one's

wish.
compontio, -onis, / (compono),

putting together.
oom-probo, -avi, -atum, i v, a,,

to prove, attest, confirm.
comptus^ -a, -um, part, (como),

adomed, decked.
con-oedOy -cessi, -cessum, 3 v. n,

and a., to yield to, submit ; con-

cede, allow, resign, with acc, and

dat.

conoentus, -us, m, (con and

cano), harmony.
conoiliOy -avi, -atum, i v, a, (con-

cilium), to call together, procune

the favour of, gratiam,
oonoiliiun» -ii, »., a meeting, an

assembly.
oonoinnator, -oris, m,, maker (of

neat things).
oonoinnOf -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

arrange appropriately, adjust.
oon-oinnua, -a, -nm, adj,, neat,

pretty, elegant.
oonoitatua,-a, -um, part. (con and

citus, swift), violently moved,

rapid, swift
con-ooquOf -coxi, -coctum, 3 v, a,,

to boil together; to digest
oonoretuay -a, -um,/ar/., grown

together, compounded.
oon-ourrOf -curri, -cursnm, 3 v, n.,

to rnn together, to assemble.
condimentum, -i, n, (coudio),

spice, seasoning.
condOy -didi, -ditum, 3 v, a., to

build, found, to make, establish ;

pc^s., to put away, bury.
conduoo, -xi, -ctum, 3 v, a, andn,,

to coUect ; to hire, take on lease.
oonduotitiua or -oiua, -a, -um,

ad/, (condfico), hired.
con-feroio, no perf., -fertum, 4

V. a, (farcio), to stuff.
con-fero, contuli, coUatum

(conl.), conferre, 3 v. a., to

collect, consider, compare; with

cum, dat., transpose ; with pron,

rejlect,, iter, &c., to betake one-

self.
oonfertim» adv.^ in a compact

body.
oonfertua, -a, -um, part, (confer-

cio), pressed close, crowded.
oonfioio* -feci, -fectum, 3 v, a., to

get ready, prepare, compose.
oon-fido, -fisns snm, 3 v, n,, to

trust to.
oonflatua,;^^/» conflo.
con-flOy. -avi, -atum, i v, a,, to

VOCABULARY

131

blow together, give rise to, pro-

dnce.
oon-fluo, -xi, z V, n., to flow or

ran together, flock togetber.
oon-foirmo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

form, fashion.
con-fringo, -fregi, -fractum, 3 v. a.

(frango), to break in pieces.
congeries, -ei,/.(con-gero), a heap,

pile, mass.
congius, -ii, m., a measnie of

capacity (containing the eighth

part of an amphora, 6 sextarii),

about 6 pints.
oongruus, -a, -um, atfj.y fit, snit-

able ; adv. congrue.
conleoto» -ayi, -atum, i v. a.freq.,

to throw, bring or bear together,

put together in the mind, con-

jecture, conclude.
oonilcio (in many MSS. aiso con-

icio, andeven coicio), -ieci, -iec-

tum, 3 V. a. (iacio), to bring to-

gether, conclude, infer, conjecture.
coniug&lis» -e, adj. (coniux), re-

lating to marriage, conjugal.
con-iungo» -nxi, -nctum, 3 z^. a., to

bind together, connect, join.
conlux {in many MSS. and edd,

also coniunx), -iugis, comm. (con

a//^iungo), wife.
con-quiro, -quislvi, -quisltum, 3

V. a. (quaero), to procure, bring

together.
con-BciU8, -a, -ntn, adj. (scio),

accomplice, confidant.
consecro, -avi, -atum, i v. a.

(sacro V. i), to dedicate, devote

something as sacred to a deity;

wiih dat.
con-senesoo» -nni, 3 v. incep.^

to grow old, to become weak,

decay.
con-sero» -sevi, -situm, 3 v. a., to

sow over, plant with trees, &c.
consiliuin, -ii, if.,adetermination,

resolution, plan.
oon-sisto» -stiti, -stitum, 39. n,,

to stand, stand still, remain.

conaitus» -a, -um, /ar^. (consero).
oon-sdpio» no per/, -Itum, 4 v. a.,

to lull to slcep, stupefy.
con-spiciOy -spexi, -spectnm, 3

V. a. and n., to behold, see.
conspioor» -atus, i v. dep., to get

a sight of.
con-spiro, -avi, -atum, i v. n., to

breathe or blow together, agree,

plot together, conspire, but gener-

ally in a good sense.
con-stOy -stiti, -statum, i v. n.,

to stand still ; impers., it is

certain. .
conBtrictus, -a, -um, fart. (con-

stringo), contracted.
con-Btringo, -inxi, -ictum, iv.a.,

to bind together, fetter.
con-Btruo» -uxi, -uctum, 3 v. o., to

heap up, put together, make, build.
consulo, -sului, -sultnm, 3 v. n.

and a., to consider, reflect.
con-tego» -xi, -ctnm, 3 v. a., to

cover up or over.
contempero*, -avi, -atum, i v. a.,

to temper, combine.
contemptor» -aris, m,, a despiser.
con-tendo» -di, -tum, 3 v. o. and

n., to stretch, stretch out» strain,

strive eagerly, contend against,

witA cum.
contentio, -onis, / (contendo), a

straining.
conterraneus, -i, pi. (con»cum,

and terra), fellow-countryman.
conticeaoo, -ticui, 3 v. incep. (ta-

ceo), to become still, keep silence.
contignatio» -5nis, /. (con and

tignum, n., a beam), a joining of

beams, a raftering.
con-tineo9-ui,-tentum, a v. a. and

n. (teneo), to hold together, keep

in.
oon-tingo, -tigi, -tactum, 3 v. a.

d(/f^;f.(tango),toattainto; neutr,,

to happen to, befall, with dat.
oontinuoy -avi, -atum> i v. a, and

n. (continuus adj.)^ to continue

uninterruptedly.

K 2

132

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

oontiOy -onis, /, a meeting, ora-

tioQ ; contionem apad milites

habuit, he addressed them.
oontrft» adv,^ and prep, with acc,

over against, oq the opposite side,

opposite to,
oontraotuSy -a, -nm, part. (con-

traho), contracted, shrunken.
oontribiilia, -is, m,, fellow-tribes-

man.
oon-tueor» 2 v. dep, perf,^ contui-

tus, to look on.
oontum&oia» -ae, f., insolence,

stubbomness.
oontiunelia, -ae,/, insult, affront
oon-valesoo, -lui, 3 v. incep., to

grow strong, get better.
oon-veniOy -veni, -ventum, 4 v, n,

and a,, to come together, meet

together, meet, visit ; with acc.
oon-verto» -ti, -sum, ^v, a., to

tum.
oonvictium« -ii, n., a cry, abuse,

reviling.
eonvivay -ae, comm, (convivo),

a table companion, guest.
oanvlvor, -atus, i v. dep. (conviva),

to feast together.
oonvivium, -ii, n, , a feast, banquet.
oon-volo, -avi, -atum, i v, n,, to

flock together.
oopia, -ae,/, fulness, plenty, abun-

dance ; plur, copiae, -aramytroops,

forces.
ooquo, -xi, -ctum, 3 v, a,, to cook,

prepare for table.
eoquus (aiso written cocus), -i, m.

(coquo), a cook.
coralium cr ouralium, -ii, m.,

red coral {Greek).
cdram» aeh,, face to face, with abl.

ofperson, personally.
oorbis, -is,/, a wicker basket.
oord&tuSf -a, -um (cor), adj.j wise,

prudent
ooriaoeu8*9 -a, -um, adj., of skin.
corium» -ii, »., skin.
oorolla» -ae, / dim. (corona), a

little wreath or garland.

oorona, -ae,/, a garland, circle.
oor-rodo (conr.), -si, -sum, 3 v. a.,

to ^aw, eat.
oorrosus (conr.), -a, -um, part.

(corrodo).
oor-rumpo (conr.), -rupi, -mptum,

3 V. 0., to spoil, corrapt.
oorruptus (conr.), -a, -um, part.

(corrampo).
ooryphaeuB, -i, m., a leader, chief,

head {Greek wtlttAtr of dramatic

choras).
oosta» -ae, /, a rib, side, wall

{hence It. costa, Fr, cdte).
oranium, -i, n, {Greek), skuU.
orapula» -ae, / {Greek kraipale),

drankenness, sickness, head*

ache.
or&Sy adv.f to-morrow.
orassitudOy -inis, / (crassus),

thickness, density.
crassus, -a, -um, adj.f solid, thick,

dense, fat
orastinus» -a, -um, adj, (cras), of

to-morrow.
cr&tera» -ae, /, also crater, -eris,

m. {Greek)f a bowl.
credo, -didi, -ditum, ^v.a., to have

trast or confidence in, think, be-

lieve, with dat.
oredulus, -a, -um, adj, (credo),

trastful, believing, credulous.
oreo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to pro-

duce, make or create a magistrate,

choose, elect.
oresoo, crevi. cretum, 3 v, n. incep.

(creo), to grow, increase.
orimen» -inis, n,f an accusation, a

fault, crime.
oriminor» -atus, i v. dep, (crimen),

to accuse, complain of.
crinis, -is, m., tne hair.
orista» -ae, / (jsame root as crinis,

hair), a cock'8 comb.
orooodiluSy -i, m, {Greek),K croco-

dile.
oruoi&tus, -Gs, m,, torture.
cruoio, -avi, -atum, i z^. ^, to

crucify, torture, torment.

VOCABULARY

133

oruoiplex*, -icis, adj, (cnix atui rt.

plic, fold), cross-shaped.
oruduSy -a, -nm, adj.y raw. '
oruentUB» -a, -um, adj, (cruor, m.,

gore), bloodstained.
orumSna (crumina), -ae,/., a purse

or bag (for money).
oruXy -ucis,/., a cross.
orystallinus» -a, -um, adj., made

of crystal, crystalline.
oubile, -is, m., a bed.
oubo, -ui {rarely -avi), -itum, i v, ».,

to lie down.
oubuB*, -i, m, {Greek)y a cube, dice.
otido, 3 V. a,y to beat, fabricate,

stamp, coin (money).
0IUM9 -atis (cnius, gen, of quis),

pron. inierrog., of whatcountrycr

town?
oulina, -ae, /., a kitchen.
oulinariuSy -a, -um, adj., culinary,

kitchen-.
oulpa, -ae,/j crime, blame.
OUltellus, -i, m, dim, (culter, -ri,

m., knife), a small knife (/r.

couteau).
oultUB, -a, -um, part. (colo), culti-

vated, tilled.
oultus, -iis, w., cultivation, dress,

elegance of dress.
oum, when, since, as.
oimif prep, with abl., witb, along

with. Cum as an encliticy always

with the pron, person : mecum,

tecum, secum, nobiscum, &c.
oumulo» -avi, -atum, i v. a. (cumu-

lus), to pile up, increase.
oupedia (cnpp. ), -orum, n, plu, and

cupediae, -arum, / //«., dainty

dishes, tit-bits, deficacies.
oupio, -ivi or -ii, -itum, 3 v, a.,

to desire, wish.
oupresseus» -a, -um, adj., made of

cypress.
oura» -ae,/., watchfulness, care.
our&tUB, -a, -um, part. (curo w.),

well kept, in good condition.
oiiridBeya^z/.^with care, curiously,

inquisitivcly.

curo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to care

for, trouble oneself about.
ourruSy -us, m. (curro), a chariot,

car.
oursito, -avi, -atum, i v, freq, n.^

to run hither and thither.
ourtus, -a, -um, adj. {root cur,

short), shortened, defective.
oustodia, -ae,/ (custos), a watch,

guard.
custddiOf -ivi or -ii, -itum, 4 v, a.,

to watch, keep, defend.
outis, -is, /, the skin.
oyathus» -i, m, {Greek\ a drink-

ing-cup.
oygnuB (cycnus), -i, m, {Greek),

a swan.
oymba (cumba), -ae, / (Greek),

a boat ; esp. the boat of Charon,

daotylus, -i, m. {from Greek\

date (fruit).
daedaluSf -a, -um, adj, (Daedalus),

skilful ; adv, daedale. See notes.
daemon*, -onis, 1»., spirit, evil

spirit.
dama, -ae, / , a fallow-deer or doe.
damno» -avi, -atum, i v, a,, to

doom, condemn ; with the acc.

ofperson andgen. {pfthe crimeand

punishment),
dapaliSy -is, -e, adj'., feast-like.
daps, dapis, /., a feast, banquet,

dainty.
de, prep. with ahlat.f from, away

from, about, concerning.
deaure&tuSf -a, -um, adf. (aumm),

gilt.
debeOf -ui, -itum, 2 v. a., to owe ;

with inf. it is to be rendered by

ought, must, should.
debitor, -oris, m., a debtor.
deoember, -bris, m, (decem), the

tenth month {addmtm&Vi).
de-oemOy -crevi, -cretum, 3 v.a. and

«., to distinguish, decide, decree.
de-oido, -cidi, 3 v. n. (cado), to

fall down, fall off, sink.
deciduus, -a, -um, adj,, fallen.

134

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

dd-clivis, -e, adj, (clivus, a hill cr

slope), sloping, steep.
deoortioatus*» -a, -um, o^'., with-

OQt bark (cortex).
dS-orepituB» -a, -nm, adj., broken

down, worn out
dS-oresoOf -crevi, -cretum, 3 v, n^

to grow less, diminish.
deouria» -ae, /, a company of ten.
dS-dlicOy -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., to

bring away or off, conduct.
d§-fero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, v. a.

irreg.i to carry down, bring, bring

an account, report, inform against.
di-formia» -e, adj. (forma), mis-

shapen.
de-fraudo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

cheat, defraud.
deglCitio, -ivi, -itum, -ire, 4 v, a.,

to swallow.
d§go, degi, 3 v. a. (de ago), to

spend cr pass time, live.
dein, v. deinde.
dein-oepB, adv. (dein and capio),

one after another, in tum.
deinde» adv. (de inde), from that or

this place, thereupon, afterwards.
del&tor, -oris, m., an accuser, in-

former.
delatrix*, -icis, /. a (femalc) in-

former {correctly formed frovi

delator).
deleotusy -Qs, m., a selection.
de-leDiOf -!vi, -itum, 4 v. a., to

soothe, charm.
de-Ubero» -avi, -atum, i v. a.

(libro, I V. a.i to weigh ; libra, a

pound weight), to tsike counsel,

consult, deliberate.
delio&tliB, -a, -um, adj. (deliciae),

delightful, voluptuous, fastidious.
delidae, -arum, /. plu., charm,

delight, pleasure.
deliotum, -i, n. (delinquo, delic-

tus), a fault, crime.
dS-linquo, -liqui, -lictum, 3 v. a.

and n., to leave aside, abandon,

to do wrong.
de-Utesoo, -tui, 3 v. n. incep., to

hide oneself, to lie hid, take shel-

ter under.
demiror, -atus, i v. dep, a., to won-

der at.
demissuB» -a, 'Vim,part. (demitto),

sunken, drooping, downcast.
de-mittOy -mlsi, -missum, 3 v. a.,

to let go down, let sink, lower.
demooraticuB» -a, -um, adj,

{Gk. demos, people, and kratos,

strength), democratic.
de-morior» -mortuus, 3 v. dep., to

die off, to die.
de-muloeOy -muld, -mulsum and

mulctum, 2 V. a., to stroke down,

please.
demumy adu., at last, just.
denique, adv., at last, at leogth,

lastly.
denB» dentis, m., a tooth.
densUB, -a, -um, ad/., thick, dense.
denuo, adv., afresh, again.
de-OBOulor» -atns, i v, dep., to

kiss warmly or mnch.
de-paeco, -pavi, -pastum, 3 v. a.,

to eat down, feed off.
de-pingo, -nxi, -pictum, 3 v. a., to

depict, paint, embroider, describe.
depIumiB, -is, -e, adj., without

feathers.
de-pono, -posui, -positum, 3 v. a.,

to lay down, lay as a wager, de-

posit.
depresBUB» -a, -um, part, (de-

prenjo), weighed down.
de-primo» -pressi, -pressnm, 3 v. a.

(premo), to sink down, depress.
de-promOy -prompsi, -promptum,

3 V, a. (emo^, to produce, spend.
de-puto, -avi, -atum, i v, a., to

cut off, allot.
de-rivo, -avi, -atum, i v. a, (rivus,

a stream), to draw off, derive.
de-soendo» -di, -sum, 3 v, n,, to

come down.
desoriptio, -5nis, /. (describo), a

marking out, description.
desertUB, -a, -um, part. (deserto),

deserta, -orum, desert places.

VOCABULARY

135

deaes, -idis, adj, (desideo), liu

sitting down, slnggish.
de^BiderOt -avi, -atum, 1 z^. a., to

yeam, wish for, want.
de-signo, -avi, •atttm, i v, <x., to

point ont, describe.
de-siiiOf -sivi or -sii, -itnm, 3 v, a.,

give over, cease, stop.
de-spero, -avi, -atum, i v, n. and

o. , to be hopeless.
de-stillOf -avi, -atnm, i v. a. and

«., to drip or trickle down.
de-struo, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a,, to tear

down, destroy.
de-suesoOy -suevi, -suetum, 3 v, a.

and n., to break off a cnstom or

habit, get ont of practice.
de-sum» -fui, -esse, v, n., to be

wanting or missing.
de-tero, -trivi, -tritum, 3 ». «., to

wear away, wear out.
deus, -i, m, {root di, * light ' or

* sky '), a god, deity.
• devito, -avi, -atum, i v,a., toavoid,

shun.
de-vorOy -avi, -atnm, i v. a.,togulp

down, devour.
devdte» -a, -um, part. (devovco),

devoted.
dexter, -tera, -terum, adj., on the

right side, rieht.
dextera or dextra, -ae, /, the

right hand {supply manns).
diabolus*» -i, m. (fireek^ lit, the

slanderer), devil.
diadema» -atis, n, {Gretk, some-

thing bound), diadem, crown.
diaeta» -ae, /. {Greek), a mode of

living prescribed by a physician,

diet.
dioo, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a,, to say,

tell, mention, relate.
dif-fero» distuli, dilatum, differre,

irre^, v, a. and n,, to scatter, be

different.
difiidentia, -ae, / (diffido), mis-

tmst, diffidence.
dif-fiteor, 2 v, dep. (fateor), to deny.
dif-fluo, 3 V, n., to fiovr in different

directions ; otio diffluentes, living

a life of ease.
dif-fundOy -fudi, -ftisum, $ v. a,,

to spread.
di-gerOy -gessi, -gestnm, 3 v, a., to

divide, digest.
digitus, -i, m, (root dik, to point),

a finger.
dignitas, -atis, / (dignus), worth,

meritjdesert, excellence, splendour.
dignor, -atus, i v, a. dep, (dignus),

to deem worth, worthy, or deserv-

ing, with acc. and abl,
di-gnosoo (dinosco), 3 v, a,, to

distinguish, discern.
dignius, -a, -um, adj. (root dik,

to point out), deserving, constr.

with the ablcUive, With relative

sentence, videtur qui imperet dig-

nus esse.
di-l&niOy -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

tear to pieces.
dimidio, no perf., -atum, i v. a,

(dimidius), to haive.
di-midius, -a, -um, adj., half,

esp. with pars.
di-mitto, -misi, -missum, ^v.a,^ to

send out or forth, to dismiss.
diploma, -atis, n. {(Jreek root di,

double), a letter folded double,

state letter of recommendation.
dir-imo, -emi, -emptum, 3 v. a,^ to

part, separate.
di-ripio, -ui, -reptum, 3 v. a,, to

tear asunder, plunder, rob.
discessuSt -iis, m,, a going away,

departure.
discOy didici, 3 v, a., to leam, be-

come acquainted with.
dis-orepo, -ui, i v. n. (crepo, to

rattle), to differ in sound, disagree,

be different.
discrimen, -inis, n., difference.
dis-cumbo, -cubui, -cubitum, 3

V. n., to lie down, esp, to recline

at table.
disocurro, -cucurri and-^tn, -cur-

sum, 3 V. n,, to run to and fro, run

about.

136

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

disertus, -a, -nm, adj., skilful in

speaking, fluent.
dis-pUoeOy -ui, -itum, 2 v, a,

(placeo), to displease, dat,
diB-ponOf-posni,-positum, ^v.a.^\.o

place here and there, set in order.
disp08itU8,-a,-um,/ar^. (dispono).
dis-quiro, 3 v. a, (quaero), to in-

vestigate.
disqii^Bitor, -oris, m., an inquirer

{rare).
dis-seoo, -ui, -ctum, 1 v, a., to cut

up.
disseotus, -a, -um, part. (disseco).
dis-aimulo, -avi^ -atum, i v.a., to

dissemble, disguise, to hide, pre-

tend not to notice.
di8-8onu8, -a, -um, a^'., discord-

ant, different.
distendo, -di, -tum, 3 v. a., to

stretch out, swell out
dietensio, -onis, /., distension,

swelling {rare).
di-8ting^0, -nxi, -nctum, 3 v. a.,

to mark off, divide.
di-8tO, no perf. nor perf. part., 1

V. n., to stand apart, to be sepa-

rate, distant.
ditiOy -onis, /, dominion, rule,

power.
ditiorf see dives.
dito, -avi, I V. a. (dis syncop. form

^dives), to enrich.
diUy adv. {pld abl. of dies), a long

time, long since.
diuSy -a, -um, v, divus.
diutumus, -a, -um, adj, (diu), of

long duration.
diversus (divors^^s), -a, -um, part.

(diverto), opposite, contrary, dif-

ferent.
diveSy -itis {fllso dis), adj., rich ;

compar. divitior and ditior.
dl-vido, -visi, -visum, 3 v. a., di-

vide, distribute.
divinltiis» adv., from heaven, by

divine providence.
divinus, -a, -um, adj, (divus), per-

taining to a deity, divine.

cUvitiae« -arum, /. plu, (dives),

riches, wealth.
(Uvum, -i, n., the sky ; sub divo,

under the open sky.
divus and dlxxB, -a, -um, adf.,

divine ; subst. divus, diva, a god,

goddess, deity,
do, dedi, datum, dare, i v. a,, to

put, give, ofFer.
dooeOy -cui, -ctum, iv.a.^ to point

out, teach, show, doubie acc,
dooumentum, -i, n. (doceo), an

example, proof.
doleOy -ui, -itum, 2 v. n. and a., to

feel pain.
ddliolum^ -i, n. dim.,^ small cask.
ddlium^ -ii, n., a very large jar.
dolus, -i, vi. {Greek), guile, fraud.
domestiouB, -a, -um,a^'. (domus),

pertaining to the house; res do-

mesticae.
domina» -ae/ (dominus), the mis-

tress of a family, mistress.
dominor, -atus, i v, n. dep,, to

have dominion.
dominus, -i, ///. (domus), the master.
domixK>rts, -ae, / (domus porto),

she that carries her house on hei

back, i. e. the snail.
domunoula, -ae,/, a little house.
domus, -Os and -i,/, a house.
doneOy conj., as long as, until.
donOy -avi, -atum, i ». a., to pre •

sent, bestow; acc, of person and

abl. ofgift, generally,
dormio, -ivi (7/- -ii, -itum, 4 v. n., to

sleep.
dorsumy -i, n,, the back of a man

or beast, hull of a ship.
dubito, -avi, -atum, i v, n, and a,

freq, (dubius), to be unccrtain, to

doubt.
dubius, -a, -um, a^'. (duo, two, and

bito, to go), uncertain, with gett,
duoaUs*, -is, -e, adj,, bielonging to

a duke.
ducatus, -Gs, m,, militanr leader-

ship, division, dukedom .
ducOf -xi, -ctum, 3 v, a,, to lead,

VOCABULARY

137

condact ; uxorem, to lead a wife

home» t e. to marry ; act upon,

affect, reckon, consider.
dum, conj. prop, of tivie, whilst, in

thaty until, yet.
duplex, -icis, adj.^ twofold, double.
dlirOf -avi, -atum, i v. a. and if., to

harden .; hold out, endure, last.
duz, ducis, €om,y a leader. {Hence

Fr, duc, Eng, duke), duke*, ruler*.

d-bibo« -bi, -bitum, iv,a.f to drink

up, drain.
6brietas,-atis,/. (ebrius), drunken-

ness.
ebriulatus, -a, -um, adj., tipsy.
ebrius, -a, -um, adj,, drunk, intoxi-

cated.
ebur, -oris, n, {Scutskrit ibha, ele-

phant), ivory.
eburneus» -a, -um, adj. (ebur), of

ivory.
eoOB,pariicledemon5tr.^\o\ behold !
edax» -acis, cuij, (edo), voracious,

deyouring.
edentuluSy -a, -um, adj. (dens),

toothless.
edepol, inierj., by PoUux I faith !
dditus» -a, -um, part, (edo), ^le-

vated, high.
edo» edi, esum, 3 v, a,, to eat.
eduliSy-e, adj. (edo) ; sudsi. edulia,

-ium, n.p/ur., eatables, food.
effectus, -us, tn,, a doing, perform-

ance.
ef-fero {also ecfero), extuli, elatum,

efferre, 3 v. a, irreg., to briug or

carry out, bring forth.
ef-fetus {also cffoetus), -a, 'Xxm^adj,,

exhausted.
ef-ficio, -feci, -fectum, 3 v. a, (facio),

to do or work out, complete, ac-

complish.
effigies, -ei, / (ex and fingo), a

copy, likeness.
ef-flj^tOy -avi, -atum, i v. a.y to

ask uigently.
efflictim» adv.f desperately; with

amare, deperiie.

ef-fodiOy -f5di, -fossum, iv, a., to

dig out, dig up.
ef-fugio» -fogi, 3 V, n. and a,y to

flee ou^ escape.
ef-fundo, -fudi, -iusum, 31/.«., to

pour out.
egeo» -Qi, 3 V. n., to want; wiih

abl. orgen.
e-gero» -gessi, -gestum, 3 v. a., to

discharge.
ego, pron, pers., I.
e-gregius» -a, -um, acl/, (grex),

uncommon, excellent, eminent.
e-iicio, -ieci, -iectum, 3 v. a., to

eject, expel.
elatuSy -a, -um, pari, (cffero),

exalted, elated.
electio» -onis,/, a selection.
electrix*» -icis, /, a (female)

elector.
elegans (eligans), -antis, adj',, nice,

iine, neat, tasteful, elegant.
elegantia, -ae, / (elegans), nice-

ness, grace, elegance.
e-levo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to lift

up, raise, lighten.
e-liolo, -licui and -lexi, -licitum,

3 V, a,, to draw ont, bring out.
e-ligo, -legi, -lectum, 3 v, a., to

pick out, choose.
e-loco, -avi, -atum, i.v, a., to let ot

hire out, let out to farm.
e-loquor, -locutus, 3 v, a, dep., to

declare, state.
e-ludo, -si, -sum, 3 V, n. and a,, to

delude, deceive.
elusus, -a, 'Vim,pan, (eludo).
emanatio*, -onis, /, emanation.
emanoipo, -avi, -atnm, i v, a., to

make over to another, sell.
emblema^-atis,». {Gk.),%ymbo\.
e-mineo, -ui, 2 v. n,, to stand out,

be eminent.
e-mitto, -mlsi, -missum, 3 v, a., to

let go, send forth.
emo, emi, emptum, zv.a,, to take,

receive, buy.
emporium, -ii, n. (fireek), a place

of trade.

138

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

emptio (emt.)) -oais, /. (emo), a

bnying, purchase.
emptor (emt.), -5ris, m., a pnr-

chaser.
en» interf.y lo f behold I see !
e-nasoor, -atus, 3 v, n. dep.^ to

spring up.
endromiSy-idis,/. ((7r^^^), a coarse

woollen cloak.
e-neoo (enico), -cui, i v. a., to kill,

plague to death.
enim» conj.y a demonstrative par-

ticle, serving either to strengthen

an assertion, or to introduce a

proof^ indeed, truly, certainly, esp»

enimvero; for.
e-nutrio, -Ivi or -ii, -itum, 4 v. a.,

to nourish, bring up.
eo, ivi or ii, ire, 4 v. n. irreg., to

move, go.
edf cuhf.y thither, to that spot ; with

comparativeSy by so much, so much

more. *
ephemeruB, -a, -nm, o^'., for a day.
e-poto, -avi, -potum, i o. a., to

drink out, oflf or up.
epulo, -onis, m, (cpulae, //«r., a

fcast), a guest at a feast or banquet.
equidem« adv. {contr. of ego and

quidem), verily, truly.
equiaoronis, iw. , groom , stable-boy.
equito, -avi, -atum, i v, n. and a.

(eques), to ride.
equus, -i, »1., a horse.
eremitious*, -a, -um, adj. (^Gk.

eremos, desert), hermit.
e rigo, -rexi, -rectum, zv.a. (rego),

to raise or set up.
errOy -avi, -atum, i v. n. and «., to

wander or stray about, err, mis-

take.
erro, -onis, m. (erro), a wanderer,

vagrant.
error, -oris, w., a straying about,

the meandering of rivers.
e-rubesoo, -bui, 3 v. n. and a.

incep.t to grow red, bhish.
e-ruoto, I «;. tf., to belch, hiccup.
e-rudio» -ivi or -ii, -itum, 4 v. a.

(rudis, adj.^ rough), to bring out

of the rough state, educate, teach.
e-rumpOy -rCpi, -ruptum, 3 ». o.

and n., to burst forth.
e-ruo, -ui, -utum, 3 v. «., to dig,

tear or pluck ont, root out.
esito, -avi, -atum, i v. a.y to eat.
essentia, -ae, /., the being or

essence of a thing.
esurio, no perf, 'Itnm, 49.«. and

a. desid. (edo), to desire to eat,

be hungry.
et, conf, and, too, and also.
et-enim, con/., for, truly, becanse.
et-iam, conj., likewise, besides.
etiam-num, conf., even at the

present time, still.
ev&do, -81, -sum, 3 v, n. anda., to

go out, tum OQt, become; leave

behind, escape from.
e-vagor, -atus, i v,n, and a. dep.,

to wander forth, stray.
e-venio, -veni, -ventum, 4 v. #f., to

come forth, happen.
eventuB, -us, m., an occurreoce,

result.
e-vigilo, -avi, -atum, i v. n. and a.,

to wake up.
e-volo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to fly

out or forth.
ex-aro, -avi, -atum, 1 v. a., to

plough, dig up, write.
ex-auotdro, -avi, -atum, i v. a.,

to dismiss (of soul from the body)*.
ex-eedo, -cessi, -cessum, 3 v. n.

and a., to go away, depart.
exoelsus, -a, -nm, part. (excello),

elevated, lofty, high.
6X-eido, -cidi, 3 v. n. (cado), to

fall from, slip out, escape ; esp. of

the memory, to be forgotten.
ex-cipio, -cepi, -ceptum, 3 v. a., to

take or draw out, except, make

an exception of ; catch, take, re-

ceive, support, intercept.
exeito, -avi, -atum, i v. a. freq.^

to wake up.
ex-odgito, -avi, -atum, i v. 0., to

contrive, devise, invent.

VOCABULARY

139

ezoorio, -avi, -are, i v. a, (corium,

H., skin), to tear (skin) off.
ez-oresoo» -cvi, -etum, 3 v, n.

incep.^ to grow ont, increase.
exouDiae, -arum,/.//«r.(excubo),

a keeping watch.
ex-outiOy -cnssi, -cussum, 3 v. a,^

(quatio), to shake out or off, to

search, break (a lock).
ez-edOy -edl, -esum, 3 v, a., to eat

up, hollow.
exemplar» -aris, n. (exemplum),

model, example.
ezemx>liimf -i, n.^ a sample, pat-

tern, example.
ex-eo» -ii {rarefy -ivi), -itum, 4 v. n.

attd a.f to go out cr forth, to go

away. •
ex-erceo»-ui, -itnm, 2 v. a., to exer-

cise,practise.
exeroitium» -ii, n. (exerceo), exer-

cise.
exhfilOf -avi, -atum, i v. a. and n.,

exhale, evaporate, disappear (in

smoke).^
ex-hauriOy -hausi, -haustum, 4

V. a., to empty.
exheredo, -avi, -atum, i v. a. (ex-

heres), to disinherit.
ex-hibeo»-ui, -itum, 2 v. a. (habeo),

to hold out, display.
ex-igOy -egi, -actum, 3 v, a. (ago),

to take or get out, require, de-

mand, claim.
exilitas» -atis,/ (exilis, adj. thin),

thinness.
eximius, -a, -um, adj. (eximo,

to take out), select, extraordinary,

excellent,
ex-inde and exin, adv., thence,

after that, next.
ex-iBtimo (existumo), -avi, -atum,

I V. a. (aestimo), to judge, con-

sider, think.
exitus» -us, m., a going out, conclu-

sion.
ex-optOy -avi, -atum, i v. n., to

desire much, long for.
exoroizOy -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

drive spirits off, exorcize. {Greek^

introduced into Latin.)
ex-O80ulor, -atus, i v. a. dep., to

kiss very much, kiss.
ex-pedio, -ivi or -ii, -itum, 4 v. a.

(pes) ; to extricate, prepare ; in

the third person, usu, sing.^ and

in an impersonal sing, : it is pro-

fitable, expedient, with dat.
experge-faoio» -feci, -factum, 3

V, a. (expergo, to stretch), to

awaken, rouse.
expergisoor» -perrcctus, 3 v, n,

dep., to awake.
ex-petOy -ivi or -ii, -itum, 3 v. a.

and w., seek after, aspire to. "
expiatorium, -i, ii.,place of atone-

ment, late and rare,
ex-pio» -avi, -atum, i v, a., to

purify from crime.
ex-ploro, -avi, -atum, i v, a,, to

search ont, discover, examine, in-

vestigate, explore.
ex-probro» -avi, -atnm, i v.a. (pro-

brum, a disgrace), to accuse of

any disgraceful action, reproach.
exqui8itU8,-a, -umjpart, (exquiro),

carefully sought out, exquisite,

refined.
ex-sequor (exequ.), -cutus, 3 v, a.

def. , to foUow to the end, carry ont.
exBilium (exil.), -ii, n, (exsul),

banishment, exile.
ex-spsot&tiOy-nis,/., an awaiting,

expectation.
ex-E^eoto (expect.), -avi, -atnm, i

V. a.,_to look out for, await, expect.
ex-BpirOy -avi, -atum, i v, a, and

n., to breathe out, expire.
ex-8polio (expol.), -avi, -atum, i

V, a., to spoil, plimder.
ex-8to (ext.), I V, n.f to stand out,

appear to be.
ex8U0U89 -a, -um, adj'., sapless.
exBuly -ulis, m,, an exile.
exsulo (exido), -avi, -atnm, i v. n,

(exsnl),tobe an exile,go into exile.
ex8upero, -avi, -atum, i v, a., to

go beyond, rise higher.

140

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

exter,-tera,-terum, adj. (ex), on the
oQtside, extemal ; comp, exterior,
-ins, outer, exterior ; sup, extremus
and extimus, outermost, utmost.

ex-termino» -avi, -atum, i v, a,
(terminus), to drive out or away,
to expel, exile.

ex-trano, -xi, -ctum, 3 v, a., to
draw out or forth.

ex-uo, -ui, -Qtum, 3 ». «., to draw
out or off, strip.

faber, -bri, tn, (£a-ber, proh. from
fac-io), a worker in wood, stone,
metal, &c., a forger, smith, car-
penter, &c.

faorioa, -ae, /. (faber), the work-
shoj), a fabric.

fabnoor» -atus, i v. a, dep,, and
fabrioo» -avi, -atum, i v. a,
(fabrica), to frame, construct.

faoesso» -cessi, -Itum, 3 v. a. and n.
(facio), to perform, accomplish,
cause, occasion.

facies, -ei, /, (facio), form, figure,
face.

faoile» adv,, easily.

faoilis, -e, adj, (facio), easy.

faoinus, -oris, n. (facio), a deed,
act ; eip, a bad deed, crime.

faoio, feci, factnm, 3 v, a, and n.
{pass, fio, factus, fieri ; /ut. indic,
faxo, Virg. ; faxim, faxit, faximus),
to make; quid faciam, with abl.y
dat.y or {rarely) with de, what am
I to do with ? ; ut fit, as usually
happens, as is commonly the case.

factum, -i, »., a deed, act; ipso
facto, by tiie deed itself, forthwith
(Jegal phrase).

fkoiutais, -atis,/., capability, power,
opportunity.

f&oundia» -ae, / (facundus), the
faculty of speaking well, elo-
quence.

faex, faecis, /, dregs of liquids,
lowest dregs of the people.

faloatus» -a, -um, adj., hooked,
curved.

fallo, fefelli, falsum, 3 v. a., to make

to fall, dcceive, cheat.
falsuSy -a, -um,/ar/. (fallo), fdgnedi

pretended, false.
fftma» -ae, /., common talk, a re-

port, rumour, saying, reputation,

fair fame.
famelious» -a, -um, cuij. (fames),

a hungry or famished person.
fames, -is,/, hunger.
familia, -ae, / (famulus, slave), a

household establishment, slaves;

paterfamilias, materfamilias, &c.,

or paterfamiliae, materfamiliae,

the head of a family, master or

mistress of a house, matron.
familiftriter, adv,, familiarly, on

friendly terms.
f&mosus, -a, -vimyadj. (fama),much

talked of, renowned, esp, noto-

rious.
farina, -ae, /, meal, flour, nature,

quality; nostrae farinae, of our

sort or kidney.
farinftoius» -a, -am, adj. (farina\

pertaining to meal, made oflneal.
fas, indecl. n. {root fas, bind), divine

law, right.
fasois, -is, m. (v. fas), a bundle, a

bundie carried before the highest

magistrates, consisting of rods and

an axe, with which criminals were

scourged and beheaded, the fasces.
fastidio» -ivi or -ii, -Itum, 4 v. n,

and a,, to feel disgust or nansea,

loathe.
fastidiosuSy -a, -um, adj. (fasti-

dium),squeamish,fastidious; rare

in good sense.
fjBbStidium, -ii, n. (fastidio), dis-

taste, loathing, disgust.
fastigium, -ii, n., a slope, the

extreme part, top, height.
fateor» fassus (fari, to speak), 2 v.a,

dep., to confess, own.
fatuus, -a, -um, adj., foolish, silly,

simple {stronger than stultus).
fauoes, -ium, / //«., the throat,

jaws.

VOCABULARY

141

fautor, -oris, m. (faveo), a favoorer,

promoter.
fSftveo» favi, fantum, 2 v. n,, to

ftivoar, promote ; wiih dat,
favor, -oiis, m,, fkvonr, goodwill.
fayJTnj faxo, v, fado.
fSonnditas, -atis, /. (fecmidiis),

fruitfhlness.
floundUB, -a, -um, adj, (root fe, to

produce), fruitful, fertile.
fStioitaa, -atis,/. (felix), happiness,

felicity.
fSliz, -icis, adj. {foot fe), fruitfnl,

fertile, happy.
fSmina» ««6,/. {root fe), a woman.
fSnerfttor (foen.), -oris, m, (fene-

ror), a money-lender, nsurer.
fenestra, -ae,/., a window.
fentUEl (foen.), -oris, »., what is pro-
duced ; esp. interest on money lent.
ferax, -ads (fero), adj,^ fruitful,

fertile.
feroulum, -i, #f ., that on which any
thing is carried, a frame, dinner
tray, course or service.
fere, adv.^ nearly, almost, about.
ferina» -ae,/. {sc, caro) (ferus, wild
beast), the flesh of wild animals,
game, venison.
£§rior» -atus, i v, n. dep, (feriae,/.
piur,y holiday), to keep holiday.
feritas, -atis, / (ferus), wildness,

savag^ess.
fero, tuli, latum, ferre, irreg. v, «.,
to bear, carry, receive, acquire,
obtain, suffer, tolerate; prae se
ferre, to show, manifest, display,
make no secret of, report, relate,
make known ; iudicem alicui ferre,
to bring a suit against {En^, root
bear).
ferrftritis, -a, -um, adj (ferrum),
pertaining toiron ; fabri, w., black-
smiths.
ferrfttOS, -a, -xxmy adj* (ferrum),

covered ar shod with iron.
ferrum, -i, ».» iron.
festmo, -avi, -atum, i v.n. anda,,
to hasten, make haste, be quick.

fioUB, -i and -us, /. {usually of the

2ttd declension), a fig-tree.
fideliter, adv,^ aithfully.
fide8,-ei,/ (fido), feuth, confidence,
a promise, engagement, word of
honour; fidem dare, to give or
promise protection.
fido, fisus sum, 3 v. n,, to trust, put

confidence in ; wiih dat.
fiduoia, -ae, /. (fido), trust, confi-

dence.
fidus, -a, -um, adj, (fido), tmsty.
figo, -xi, -xum, 3 V. o., to fix, fasten.
fiUus, -ii, m. {root fe or fi), a son.
fQiun, -i, it., a thread, cord.
finiBy -is {ahl, regularly fine), m,
and f, {masc, more usual and
class,), a boundary, limit, border ;
plur. territory (inclosed within
boundaries), an end.
finitimus, -a, -um, adj, (finis),

adjoining, neighbouring.
fio, -eri, V, facio.
firmatUBy see firmo.
firmo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to make

firm, strengthen.
flscus» -i, m., a basket of wicker-
work, money-bag, state treasury ;
res fisci, public property.
fizus, -a, -um, part. (figo), ^xcd,

immoveable.
fiabellumy -i, n. dim. (flabram,
blast of wind) , a small fan^r fly flap.
fiagellum, -i, n. dim. (flagrum),

a whip, scourge.
fiftgito, -avi, -atum, i v, a, freq,,

to demand warmly, solidt.
fLagro, -avi, -atum, i v, n,, to blaze,

flame, burn.
fi&men, -inis, m., a priest.
fiamma»-ae,/.,ablazingfire, flame.
fiammula, -ae,/, a little flame.
fieoto» -xi, -xum, 3 v, a. andn., to

bend.
fiexuoBUS, -a, -um, adj., fuU of

turos or windings, tortuous.
fiezuB, -a, -um, part. (flecto).
fio, flavi, flatum, i v, n. anda., to
blow.

142

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

fldrens, -entis, part, (floreo), blos-

soming, splendid, fine.
fldreo» -ui, a v, n, (flosy floris, m,y

fiower), to bloom.
fluotUB, -tjs, m, (fluo)> a flowing,

wave, stream.
fliimen» -inis, »., stream, river.
fluo» -xi, -xnm, 3 v. »., to flow.
fluviuSf -ii, w., a river.
fluxus» -u8, m,^ a flowing, tide.
f6ous» -i, m., apparatus for heating,

hearth.
fbedo» -avi, -atum, i v, a., to make

foul, filthy.
foedus, -eris, »., a treaty, compact.
fbetiduSy -a, -um, adj, (foeteo),

that has a disagreeable smell,

stinking.
fbns» fontis, m.,a spring, fountain.
forftmen» -inis» n. (foro i, to bore),

a hole produced by boringy an

aperture.
foras, /1/. to the doors, hmce^ out of

doors, forth, out.
forceps» -cipis, m, and /. (capio),

a pair of tongs, pincers.
foris» -is, more freq, plur. fores,

-um,/, a door.
forma» -ae, /, figure, shape, a fine

form, beauty.
formidabilis, -e, adj, (formldo,

-inis,/, fear), causing fear, terrible.
formoBUS» -a, -um, adj, (forma),

beautiful.
fomiz, -icis, «., an arch or vault.
fortasse {also, thougk rarely^ for-

tassis), adv,i perhaps, peradven-

ture, possibly.
forte» adv.^ by chance.
fbrtis» -e, adj», strong, powerfuL
fortuna» -ae,/, chance, hap, luck.
fortunatus» -a, -um, part,^ lucky,

happy.
forum» -i, n.^ what is out of doors,

a public place, a market-place.
foveo, f5vi, f5tum, a v, a,, to warm,

foster.
firagmen, -inis, n, (frango), piece

broken off, fragment {lare).

firagor, -5ris, m,, a crashing, crash.
frango, fregi, fractum, 5 v, a., to

break.
firaus, fraudis,/, cheating.
frequens» -entis, adj,, constant,

frequent, numerous.
f^etum, -i, if., a strait, the sea.
firetuSy -a, -um, adj,^ relying or

depending upon ; constr, with abU
frigeo» a v, n., to be cold, chill.
frigidus, -a, -um, adj,, cold, in-

different, inactive.
fHgus» -oris, n,, cold, coldnes^

coolness.
frons»-dis,/ , a leafy branch , foliage.
firontispioium» -i, n,, front.
fruglfery -era, -erum, cuij, (fruz

fero), fruit-bearing, productive.
fruor, fructus and fraitns, 3 v, n, dep»,

to feed oneself witb, enjoy, adt,
firustra, adv, (fraus), in a state of

deception, in error, in vain.
firutex» -icis, m., a shrub, bosh.
firuXy frugis, and more freq. in the

plur, fruges, fruits of the earth,

prodnce of the fields.
f&ofttus» -a, -um, part. (fucus),

painted, coloured, counterfeit.
fuous, -i, m,, rock lichen, ronge,

deceit.
fiigio» fugi, fugitum, 3 v, n, anda,

to flee or fly.
fugo» -avi, -atum, i v, a,, to put

to flight.
fUlioat -ae,/, the common coot.
fuliginoBiis» -a, -um, adj., sooty.
fUligo, -inis, /., soot.
fumo, I V, n, (fumus, m., smoke),

to smoke, reek.
fumdsus, -a, -um, adj,^ smoking,

smoky.
fund&mentum, -i, i»., a fonnda-

tion, ground-work.
flmdo, fudi, fusum, 3 v, a., to pour.
fUndus» -i, m,, the bottom of aoy

thing, farm, estate.
fQ.nis, -is, m, , a rope, line, cord.
funiis» -eris, »., a bnrial, funeral,

death.

VOCABULARY

143

fQr» furis, comm.y a thief.

furaz, -acis, adj, (furor, v.), given

to stealing.
Airea» -ae,/., a two-pronged fork.
fUriosus, -a, -nm, adj. (fnria, /.,

a fnry), mad, raging.
furo» -ui, 3 V, «., to rage, rave.
furory -atns, i v. a. dep. (fur), to

steal, pilfer.
fUror, -6ris, m. (furo), a rage, mad^

ness.
furviis» -a, -nm, adj.^ swarthy,

black.
fUscUB, -a, -um, adj., dark, swarthy,

dusky.
ftistiay -is, m.y a club.

gag&tes, -ae, m. (Greek), lignite,

black stone.
gallina» -ae, /. (gallus, a cock),

ahen.
ganeOy -onis, «j., a glutton.
garrio, -Ivi or -ii, -itum, 4 v. a., to

chat, talk.
gaudium, -ii, n. (gaudeo, v., to

rejoice), joy, gladness.
generOy -avi, -atum, i v, a. (genus),

to produce, create.
generdsus» -a, -um, adj. (gcnus),

noble, eminent, superior, excel-

lent.
genieulatio*, -onis, /. (genu),

bending of knee.
genius* i, m., the tutelar deity or

genius of a person, the spirit of

sodal enjoyment.
gens» gentis,/., a number of persons

or families descended Irom a

common ancestor, race, tribe,

nation (r/. gen).
genUy -iis, #f., the knee.
genus» -eris, m., origin, race, kind.
gero; gessi, gestum, 5 v.a., to carry

abottt, bear, carry on, wage, trans-

act.
gestio, -Ivi or -ii, -Itum, 4 ». n.

(gestus), to throw oneself about,

bc joyfil, desire eagerly, long for.
gestus, -us, m.f motion, gesture.

gigaSf -antis {Greek), m., giant.
glaoialis, -e, adj. (glacies, /, ice),

icy, frozen.
gladius, -ii, m.y a sword.
gleba (glaeba), -ae, /, a lump of

earth, Tand, soil, mass.
globulus, -i, m.y a small ball,

globule, bead.
globus» -i, //;., a round body, ball,

sphere, globe.
gldrior, -atus, i v. a. and n. dep ,

to boast, vaunt, brag.
gloriose» adv.y boastfully.
gradus, -iis, m. (gradior), a step,

pace, degree.
graeoor, -atus, i v. n, dep. (grae-

cus), to imitate the Greeks. See

note.
gramenp -inis, »., grass.
grammaticay -ae,am/gramma-

tice, -es,/, grammar.
grandinat, i v, impers. (grando),

it hails.
grandOy -inis,/, hail, a hail-storm.
gratia» -ae, /., favour, liking, love,

charm, beauty; tn the abl. sing.,

in favour of, for the sake of, on

account of, witk gen. {and usu.

piaced after it) ; gratiis, for

nothing.
gratiQor, -atus, i v. n. and a. dep,

(gratus), to manifest one^s joy,

congratulate, rejoice.
gratus. -a, -um, adj.^ caasing joy,

pleasing.
graviSy -e, adj.y heavy, weighty,

ponderous.
gressuSf -Gs, m,y a stepping, going.
greZy gregis, m., a herd, drove.
g;ruinus% -a, -um, adj, (grus), be-

longing to a crane.
grunnio (also gnmdio), -lyi or

-ii, -itum, 4 v.n.y to grunt, of

swine.
gruSy gniis,/. and m,, a crane.
evlA, -ae,/; the throat.
gulo, -onis, m,f a glutton.
g^tus, -us, m,, a tasting, taste

(/r. godt).

144

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

^tt&tim, €ulv., drop by drop.

guttula, -ae,/. dim,^ a little drop.

guttury'-uiis, 91. , the throat.

gutturftlis, -e, adj.y guttnral.

gymiiasium, -ii, »., a Greek
pnblic school for gymnastic exer-
cises, a gymnasinm, a pnblic
school, college (Jience German
use),

gfymnasticuSy -a, -nm, adj. (^Gk.
adj. gumnos, bare, stripped), per-
taining to bodily exercise, gym-
nastic.

g^ruB, -i, m, (Grcek), a circle.

habito, -avi, -atnm, i v. a, and n.

freq, (habeo), to have freqnently,

to have possession of, to inhabit,

dwell.
habituSy -tis, m,^ state of, deport-

ment, dress, attire.
h&o (hic), adv,^ along this way or

side (jsupply via).
haereo» haesi, haesum, 2 v, n.., to

stick, cling, cleave.
haesitOf -avi, -atnm, i v. n. freq.

(haereo), to stick fast, to be at a

loss, to hesitate.
halitus, -us, m. (halo, v. i), breath,

exhalation.
hftmus, -i, m.^ a hook.
hariolus (ar.), -i, w., a soothsayer,

prophet.
harmonia, -ae, /. (Gk. root ar, to

fit), harmony.
harmoniod» adv.^ melodiously.
harpyia^ -ae,/., a harpy. See note.
hasta, 'Ktff.y a spear, a spear stuck

in the ground at pnblic auctions.
haud (hant), ado,^ not at all, by no

means.
haustUB, -Os, m,t a drink, dranght.
hebdomadfttim*, adv. {Gk. hebdo-

mas, seven)«weekly.
heoatomba» -ae,/ {Greek\ a great

sacrifice fof 100 oxen).
heluo (hell.), -Onis, m., a gorman-

dizer, glutton.
herba» -ae,/., grass.

hero(u)le« voc. of Hercnles, an ex-

clamation or oath ; by Hercnles !
heres, -edis, m, and f., an heir,

heiress.
herilis (er), -e, adj, (hems, noun m.),

of the master, the master's.
hestemus, -a, -nm, ad;,, of yester-

day, yesterday's.
hiOy haeo» hoo, pron. demonstr.y

this; strengthenedvfith ct\ hicce,

haecce, hocce.
hio {wiih the demonstr. suffix ce

andthe interrog. ne, hiccine),<M^.

(hic), in this place, here.
hiems (hiemps), -emis, /., the

winter.
hilaris, -e, and hilarus, -a, -nm,

adj., merry, jovial.
hinOf adv.f from this place.
hio, -avi, -atum, i v. n. and a. {root

ofEag. yawn), to open, to gape.
hispiduSy -a, -nm, aiff.f rongh,

shaggy, hairy.
hiulous» -a, -um, ad/, (hio)^ split,

cleft.
hodie» adv., to-day.
hodiemus, -a, -um, adj. (hodie),

on this day.
homOy -inis, comm.^ a hnman being,

man.
homunoio, -Onis, m. dim., a little

man, manikin.
honestOy -avi, -atum, i v. a. (hone-

stns, adj.f honourable), to hononr,

adom, embellish.
honor or honos» -oris, m., pnblic

honour, office.
hondro, -avi, -atum, i v. a. (honor),

to hononr, respect.
horolog^um» -ii, n. {Greek)^ a

clock.
horrenduSy -a, •umfPart, (horreo),

dreadful, terrible.
horreOy 2 v. n, anda,, to stand on

end, shndder or be frightened at

(with acc), look rongh or fnght-

fnl.
hospes, -itis, c, a visitor, gnest,

friend, host.

VOCABULARY

H5

hospitium, -ii, n. (hospes), hospi-
tality, chambers for guests, an inn.

huOpOdv. (hic), hither, to this point,
so far.

hui! mfer/,, an exclamation of
astonishment.

huiasoemodi and huiusmodi.

g€n. of hic and modus.
lumidus. -a

humidus, -a, -um, adj., moist, wet.
hydrops» -5pis, m, {Gk. hudar,

water), dropsy.
hyBtriZy -icis,/., a porcupine.

iaoeo, -cui, -citum, 3 v. n., to lie.
iaoio, ieci, iactnm, ^v.a., to throw,

cast, hurl.
iacto, -avi, -atum, i v. a. freq.

(iado), to throw, swing, flourish,

boast of, vaunt.
iam, adv, oftinie {from root of is),

at this or at that time, now,

already.
iftnitor, -oris, m. (ianua), a door-

keeper, porter.
iftnua» -ae,/., a door, house-door.
ibi» adv., in that place, there.
iotuSy -us, m., a blow, stroke.
idem» eadem, idem» pron., the

same.
ideo, adv., on that account.
iddneUB» -a, -um, adj., suitable,

convenient.
ieiuno» -avi, -atum, v. n., to fast.
ieiunuSy -a, -um, adj.f that has

not eaten or drunk, fasting,

hungry.
igitur, adv., thereupon, therefore.
ignftvus, -a, -um, adj. (in, gnavus,

active), inactive, without spirit,

dastardly.
ilpieUB, -a, -um, ad/,, of fire, fiery.
ignis, -is, pt., fire.
igndbiliSy -e, adj. (in and gnobilis,

the orig.form ^nobilis, root gno,

to know), ignoble. •

ignobilitas, -atis, / (ignobilis),

want of fame, obscurity.
illfte, adv.^illsL, with suffix c=^c^,

by that way, in that direclion.

il-laesus (inl.), -a, -um, adj., un-

harmed, uninjured.
ille, -a, -ud, pron. dem. of the yrd

pers., that yonder; hic . . . ille,

this . . . that, the one . . . the

other.
illibatus (inl.), -a, -um, adj. (libo),

nndiminished, untoucbed.
il-lioo, adv. (in loco), on the spot,

instantly, directly.
il-ludo (inl.), -si, -sum, 3 v. n. and

a., to sport with, mock or jeer at ;

with dat.y deceive.
il-lustro (inl.), -avi, -atum, w.a.,

to light up, make clear, clear up.
illusus (inl.), 'SL,-um,part. (illudo).
imftginor, -atus,-! v. a. dep.{imsigo),

to picture to oneself, imagine.
imftgOf -inis, /, copy, an image o>-

likeness.
imbecillus (in and bacillum, a

staff), -a, -um, adj'., weak, feeble.
imbellis (inb.), -e, adj. (bellum),

unwarlike.
imber, -bris, m., rain.
imberbis (inb.), -e, adj. (barba),

beardless.
im-bibo (inb.), -bi, 3 v. a., to

drink in.
im-buo (inb.), -ni, -utum, 3 v. a.,

to wet, imbue, instruct.
imbutus, -a, -um, part. (imbuo).
imitor» -atus, i v. a. dep., to imitate,

copy.
immftnis (inm.),-e,<z^., enormous,

immense, inhuman, savage.
im-merito, (uiv., unjustly, without

cause.
im-mineo (inm.), 2 v. n. (maneo),

to bend or lean towards, overhang.
im-mitto (inm.), -misi, -missum,

3 V. a., to let or send into, intro-
duce.

immo (imo), adv., yes indeed, nay,

yes truly.
im-par (iup.), -aris, adj., unequal,

not a match for, inferior, weaker.
impedio (inp.), -ivi or -ii, -itumi

4 v. a., to hinder, prevent.

146

MUNDOS ALTER ET IDEM

impeditUB (inp.)i -a, -111», part.

(impedio), hindered, embarrassed ,

encumbered.
imi^ellOy -puli, -pulsum, 3 v. a,, to

push, drive, urge on.
impensa (inp.), -ae,/. {sc. pecunia),

outlay, cost, charge.
imperfttor (inp.),-oris, w., general,

ruler, master.
imperiosus (inp.), -a, -um, adj,

(imperium), powerful, tyrannical ;

adv, imperiose.
imperits (inp.), adv.y unskilfnlly.
im-l>eritUB (inp.), -a, -um, ad/.,

unskilled.
imperium (inp.), -ii, n. (impero),

power, authority, command.
im-pero (inp.), -avi, -atum, i v. a.

(v, paro), to put upon, command ;

,wuk dat, only,
im-pertio (inp. ; also impart.), -Tvi

or -ii, -itum, 4 v, a, (partio), to

communicate, impart, present with .
im-petro (inp.),-avi,-atum, i v. «.,

to obtain, procure.
impetuoBUSy -a, -um, a^'., rapid,

rushing.
im-piDgo (inp.), -pegi, -pactum,

3 V, a. (pango), to strike or dash

against, give to.
im-plioo (inpl.), -avi, -atum, or -ui,

-itum, I V. a. {lit, to fold into;

hence) to infold, entangle.
importtine (inp.), odTz'., unseason-

ably, nidely.
importuniis (inp.), -a, -um, acij,

(poitus), troublesome, unman-

nerly.
imi>08tura, -ae, /. {p. impono, to

impose upon), deceit, imposture.
im-potens (inp.), -entis, adj., weak,

feeble.
im-pransus (inpr.), -a, -um, adj.^

that has not breakfasted, fasting.
imprimis (inpr. and separately in

primis), adv.t in the first place,

chiefly.
im-pudicU8 (inp.), -a, -um, adj,,

shameless, impudent.

im-pfirus (inp.), -a, -um, adj,, urf-

clean, defiled.
imus, -a, -um {contr, of inimus

froni in; btit usu. said io be a

contr, of inflmus), adj.y inmost,

deepest, nndermost.
in, prep, with abl. and acc,, in, in

the case of.
in-accessu8, -a, -um, adj. (in, ad,

cedo),unapproached, inaccessible.
in-aequ&lis, -e, adj,, uneven, un-

equal.
inanimus, -a, -um, adj, (anima),

lifeless.
in&nis, -e, adj.y empty, void, vain.
in-audio, -Ivi or -ii, -itum, 4 v. a.,

tohear, learn, esp.something secret.
in-calescOy -lui, 3 v, n, incep,, to

grow warm or hot.
in-o&nesco, -nui, 3 v. n. incep. {adj,

canus, grey), to become white, to

tum gray.
in-canto, -avi, -atum, i v, a. and

/1., to consecrate with charms or

spells.
in-cautus,-a, -um, adj.y incautious,

heedless.
in-cedo, -cessi, -cessum, 3 v. n. and

a.f to go, step, or march along,

esp. ivith a majestic or measured

pcue; to move..
incendium, -ii, n. (incendo), a fire,

conflagration.
incendOf -di, -sum, 3 v, a., to set

fire to, kindle.
in-certU8, -a, -um, adj., uncertain.
incessus, -us, ;//., a going, gait.
in-cido, -cidi, -casum, 3 v, n, (cado),

to fall into, light upon; with in

and acc.j fall in with.
in-clementia» -ae, /, rlgour,

severity.
inclitus {aiso inclutus and in-

clytus), -a, -um, adj, {root clu, to

hear), celebrated, famous.
in-cltido« -si, -sum, 3 v. a., to

shut in.
in-cognituSf -a, -um, adj.f un-

known.

VOCABULARY

147

inoola, -ae, comm. (colo), an in-

habitant, a resident.
in-oolumis, -e, cuij,, nninjared,

safe*
in-oongrue, adv, {adj\ con-gruus),

inconsistently.
inorasBOy -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

thicken, harden.
inoredulita8,-atis,/, lack of faith.
in-oredulus, -a, -um, adj\f un-

believing.
in-ouloOf-avi,-atum, i z/.<z.(calco),

to tread in, impress or inculcate.
in-oultUSy -a, -um, adj\y untilled,

neglected.
in-oumbo,-cabui,-cubitnm, 3 v,n,

(cubo), to lay oneself upon, de-

volve upon, devote oueself to.
in-ounftDula, -orum, n. plu. (cn-

nae, /. //«r., cradle), swaddling-

clothes; ab incunabulis, from

childhood.
in-ouria» -ae, /. (cura), want of

care, neglect.
in-ourid8U8, -a, -um, adj. (cf, se-

curus), unconcemed, indifferent.
in-oursio, -onis, /. (v, curro), a

hostile attack, assault.
inoursitatio, -onis,/, attack.
in-ourvo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

bend.
inou80« -avi, -atum, i v. a. (causa),

to accuse; with acc, cf pers, and

gm, ofthing.
indagator, -oris, m., one who

searches into, an investigator.
indftgo» -avi, -atum, i v, a., to

search into, investigate.
inde, adv,, thenoe, after that.
indioium» -ii, n, (index, -icis, m.,

informer), information, evidence.
in-dioo, -xi, -ctum, ^ v, a,, to de-

clare publicly, eojoin.
in-diotU8» -a, -um, acl/., not said ;

indicta causa, without a hearing.
in-dieSy adv,,for in dies, from day

lo day.
indigena» -ae, adj. c, bom in a.

country, native; subst., a native.

ind-igeo, - ui, 2 v. n. (egeo), to need,

want ; with abl.
in-dig^U8,-a, -nm^ a^'.((/idignus),

unworthy ; with abl,
indigu^y -a, -um, adj, (indigeo), in

want.
in-do, -didi, -ditnm, 3 v, a,, to place

into, impart or give to.
ind-oleey -is, / (ind ^m, and root

ol, to grow), natural abilities.
in-duooy -xi,-ctum, 3 v, a,, to lead'

or bring on.
in-dulgene, -tis, part, (indulgeo),

indulgent, fond.
indulgeoy -si, -tum, 2 v, n, aftd a,

(dulcis ?), to yield to, indulge in,

grant, give ; with acc, aftd dai,
in-duOy -ui, -utum, 3 v. a. {root du

variety of6si, to put), to put on,

cover with, assume.
indu8i&t^8, -a, -um,/7^'., that has

on an under-garment.
indutiae (or-ciae), -aram, ///w.,

a cessation of hostilities, a truce.
in-ebriOy -avi, -atnm, i v. a., to

make drunk.
in-edia» -ae,/ (edo), an abstaining

from food, fasting, hunger.
in-eOy -ivi andfteq, -n, -itum, 4 v, a,

and n., to go into, enter ; trans,,

to enter upon, form (plans).
in-eptU8« -a, -um, adj, (aptus), un-

suitable, tasteless, unskilful.
inertia» -ae, / {adj\ iners, inertis,

from ars), ignorance, idleness,

laziness.
in-ezhau8tU8« -a, -nm, adj,, nn-

exhansted.
in-fl&mie, -e, adj\ (fama), pf ill

report.
in-ian^» -ntis, adj\, that cannot

speak ; hefue, subst.^ a little child,

an infant.
infantia» -ae,/ (infans), infanpy.
infantulus, -i, m., a little child.
in-f5oundu8, -a, -um, adj\, un*

fruitful.
inferu8, -a, -um, ad;\, below, under-

neath; sup, infimu8«lowest,last

L2

r^S

MUNDUS ALTER ETIDEM

infesto, -avi, -atum, i v, a, (in-

festus, cld part, of infero), to

attack, trouble, infest.
JnflTmiBj -a, -um, v. infenxs.
iofossus, -a, 'WOiypart, (infodioV
infira (infer, infera, sc. parte), adv,

and prep,^ below, undemeath;

under, short of.
in-fando, -fudi, -fosum, 3 v, a,, to

pour in, into, or upon,
in-geminoy -avi, -atum, i v. a.

and n., to redouble, reiterate

(applause).
ingenidsus (ingennus) , -aj-um , adj.

(ingenium), possessed of natural

qualities, of good capacity, clever.
in-genium, -i, /i., nature, natural

disposition, character.
ingens» -tis, adj., vast.
ingenuOy adv., openly, frankly.
ingenuus, -a, -um, adj., inbom,

natural, free-bom.
in-gero, -gessi, -gestum, 3 v. a., to

pour, throwy or put into.
ingl5riU8« -a, -um, adj, (gloria),

without glory cr fame.
ingluvieSy -ei, /. (root glu, to

swallow), the maw, crop, o/ ani-

mals, voraciousness, gluttony.
in-grfttia, -ae, /., thanklessness ;

ingratiis, against one's will.
ingres8Ui,-us, m. , a going,walking.
ingurgitOy -avi, -atum, i v, a., to

gormandize, guzzle.
in-habilis, -e, adj'., that cannot be

managed, disqualified.
in-haereo, -haesi, -haesum, 2v.n.,

to stick, hang, or cleave to.
in-h03pitU8« -a, -um, adj., in-

hospitable.
in-h^mftnuB, -a, -um, adj\, in-

human, ill-bred.
iniquitas, -atis, /. (iniquus, adj.,

Jrom aequus), inequality, injustice,

unreasonableness.
in-itium, -ii, »., a beginning, com-

mencement.
in-iioio, -icct, -icctum, 3 v. a.

(iacio), to throw, cast, or put in.

in-iuratUB, -a, -um {v, iuro), un-

sworn.
initiria, -ae,/, a wrong, an injury.
in-iussus, -a, -um, adj.^ unbid-

den.
in-iutor, -nixus, 3 v. dep,, to rest

upon.
innixus,/tfr/. (innitor).
in-notesoOf -ui, 3 v. n. incep. {root

gno), to become known, estab-

lished.
in-numerus, -a, -um, adj., num-

beriess.
in-nuo, -ui, -utum, 3 v. n., to nod

to, intimate, hint.
in-opinuSy -a, -um, adj,, unex-

pected.
in-salut&tus» -a, -nm, adj., un-

greeted, unsaluted.
ins&nio, -Ivi and -ii, -Itum, 4 v. n.,

to be senseless, mad, insane.
in-scius, -a,» um, adj, , not kno wing.
in-soulpo» -psi, -ptum, 3 v, a.,

to engrave.
in-sequor, -cutus sum, 3 v. a. dep„

to foUow after, foUow.
in-servio, -ivi, -itum, 4 v. n. and

a., to be a slave, M serviceable,

with dat.
in-sideo» -sedi, -sessnm, 2 v, n,

anda, (sedeo), to sit in or upon,

to be situated on, occupy.
insidiae» -aram, /. piu. (insideo),

an ambush, amboscade, plot,

device, or artifice.
insidi&tor» -5ris, m, (insidior), one

lying in ambush, waylayer, robber

(rare).
insidior, -atus sum, i v, n. dep,

(insidiae), to lie in ambush, lie in

wait for.
insigney -is, n, (insignis), a mark

or token, badge, arms.
insigois, -e, adj\ (signnm), that on

which there is a mark, noted,

distinguished, eminent.
insignitUB, /arf. (insignio), distin-

guished.
in-sinuo, -avi, -atum, i v. a, and

VOCABULARY

149

n. pron, rejleci, {v, sinus), to wind

or gently worlc one's way into.
insipidus, -a, -ttm, adj, {root sap),

foolish.
in-80no, -ui, i 9. ;i., to make a

noise in ^ on.
in-sons, -tis, dM^*.,gniltlesSy innocent.
in-sper&tUB, •a, -um, adj,, unex-

pected.
inatar, n, indecl, (in <uid root sta,

to stand), a form, figure, appear-

ance, model.
inatauro» -aTi, -atum, i v, a., to

repeat, celebrate anew.
iDBtatutuniy -i, n.y plan, a purpose.
in-stOy -stiti, i v. n., to stand in or

upon, approacli.
instruotius {eompar. adv,) (v. 3

instruo), with greater preparation,

i. e. more magnificently.
instruotuSf -a, -um,/ar/. (instruo),

taught.
in-struOy -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., to

pile upon, build up, provide.
insudOy -aYi| -atum, i v, n,, to

sweat.
insufQo, -avi, -atum,-are, 1 v.a. (in,

sub, flo, I V. a.), to blow into.
in-BtUno, -mpsi, -mptum, 3 v. a.,

to take for any purpose, expend

upon, wilk dat,
in-t<ustU8y-a, -um, adj., untouched.
'in-teger, -gra, -grum, adj. (tag,

root ofX.Kngo\ untouched, entire.
in-tegumentumy-i, »., a covering.
intel-ligo (intellego), -lexi, -lec-

tum, 3 V. a. (interlcgo), to perceive,

understand.
in-temperans, -antis, adj., extra-

vagant, intemperate.
in-temperies» -ei, /, inclemency

(of weather).
in-tempestivus, -a, -um, adj.,

unseasonable.
in-tendOy >di, -tum and -sum, 3

V. a,, to draw ont, extend, strain.
iatensilSy -a, -um, part. (intendo),

intense.
intento, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

stretch out or direct towards, esp.

in a threatening mantur,
inter-cedo, -cessi, -cessum, 3 v. n,,

to intervene, intercede.
inter-oludo» -usi, -usum, 3 v, a,

(claudo) , to shut or block up, cut off .
interolusuB, -a, -um, part, (inter-

cludo).
inter-<Uoo,-xi, -ctum, 3 v, a., to for- x

bid, prohibit ; Vfith acc, ofpers. (pr

nom, in pass.) andabl, ofthing.
inter-diUy adv, [root of dies), dur-

ing the day, by day.
inter-ea, adv,^ meanwhile.
inter-eo, -ii, -itum, 4 v, n,, to be

lost, to perish.
inter-fioiOy -feci, -fectum, 3 v. a.

(facio), to iinish, end, to kill.
interimy adv. (inter and acc. Irom

root ofis), meanwhile.
interimo, -emi, -emptum, 5 v, a.,

to destroy, kill.
interior, -ius» -oris, comp, adj^

(intra), inner, interior.
inter-luo, 3 v, a, and n., to tlow

between.
inter-pellOf -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

interrupt in speaking.
interpres, -etis, c, interpreter.
inter-spir&tio, -dnis,/, a fetching

of breath betwcen.
interventus, -us, m,, a coming

between.
inteat&bilis» -e, a^f^ disqualified

from being a witness to or of

making a will, dishonourable.
intestinus, -a, -um, adj, (intus),

intemal, domestic, civil.
intexo, -xui, -xtum, 3 v, a,, to in-

weave, embroider.
intextuSy -a, -um, part, (intexo).
intrin-seouSy cuiv., on the inside,

inwardly.
intro, -avi, -atum, \ v. a,, to go in-

to, enter.
intro-duoo, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., to

bring within or in.
introrsum and introrsus, adv.,

inwards.

I50

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

intueor, -itus sum, 2 v, dep,^ to

look at, contemplate.
intuituB*, -us, m.^ look, sight of.
intus, adv,f on the inside, within.
in-ungo (innnguo), -nxi, -nctum, 3

V. a., to anoint
in-usit&tUB, -a, -um, adj,^ unusual,

extraordinary.
inoutiliB» -e, adj.f useless, unprofit-

able.
in-valesca, -lui, 3 v. n. incep.y to

become strong, prevail.
in-venio, -veni, -ventum, 4 v. «.,

to come or light upon, find out,

discover, leam, find.
in-venuBtU8f -a, -um, adj., not

elegant, ungraceful.
in-videOy -vidi, -vlsum, 2 v. a.,

envy, grudge, with dat. ofperson.
invidiosus, -a, -um, adj. (invidia),

full of envy, odious.
inviduBf -a, -um, adj. (invideo),

envious.
inviolate, adv.^ inviolately.
in-viso, -si, -sum, 3 v. a., to see, to

visit.
invitus, «a, -um, adj.f unwilling^

reluctant.
in-viuBy -a, -um, adj. (via), without

a road, impassable.
ioouSy -i, m.y a jest, joke.
ipsOy -a, -um, pron., self, very, the

identical.
ir&cundUB, -a, -um, adj\ (ira),

irritable, passionate.
irascor, 3 v. dep., to be angry, to

be in a rage, witk dat.
irfituSf -a, -um, part. (irascor),

enraged, angry.
inito (inr.), -avi, -atum, i v. «.,

provoke.
ir-ruo (inr.), -ui, 3 v, n. and «., to

Tush, charge.
iSf ea, id, pron. this or that, he, she, it.
istey -a, -ud, pron, demonstr. (is tu),

that of yours, in gen. that.
isthmUB% -i, m. {Greek)^ isthmus.
istio, adv. ofplace^ there.
istinoy adv.f thence.

istius-modi, of that kind, such.

ita, adv. (is), so, thus.

iterum, a!dv. {German wieder),

again, a second time.
iubeOf iussi, iussum, 2 v. a., to

order, bid.
iudeXy -icis, c, (ius dico), a jury-

man, judge.
iudioium, -ii, n. (iudex), a trial,

the sentence^rdecision of a conrt.
iudicOy -avi, -atum, i z/. a., to

judge, decide.
iugerum, -i, «., an acre, 240 feet

in length by 120 in breadth {pr

abottt ^ofan English acre),
iugiter, adv,y constantly.
iugum, -i, «., a yoke \fig., the yoke

as the bond or badge ofsiaijery.
iumentum, -i, «., a beast used for

drawing or carrying, a beast of

burden.
iuratus, -a, -um,/ar/. (iuro), under

an oath, bound by an oath, swom.
iuridiouSf -i, m. (ius and dico),

lawyer.
iuro, -avi, -atum, i v. n, and a.

(ius), to swear, take an oath.
ius, iuris, #f., law.
iustus, -a, -um^ adj\ (ius), just,

fair, in proper form w-efdcr^ pro-

per, complete, sufllicient.
iuvenoa, -ae, /. (iuvencus), a

heifer ; a girl.
iuvenoula, -ae, /., a young girl

(diminutive).
iirkta, adv. and prep,, near to,

according to,

labia» -ae, / and labium, -ii.

n,f a lip.
l&bor, -psus, 3 v,n. dep,., to slide, slip.
labor, -5ris, m., toil, exertion.
laboriosus, -a, -um, adj,, toil*

some, difhcult.
labdro, -avi, -atum, i v. n. and a.,

to labour, strive.
laoerta, -ae, /., a lizard ; proverb.,

unius lacertae se dominum facere,

to get a little place of one*s own.

VOCABULARY

15^

laoertUB, -i, m.,the am from the

shoulder to the elbow.
laoesso, -Ivi or -ii, •itnin, 3 v, a,

(lacio ; c/. arcesso) to excite, pro-

voke, exasperate.
laorimo» -avi, -atum, i v. n. afid

a., and lacrimor, -atus, to shed

tears, weep.
laotlioay -ae, /. dim,^ a lettuce.
laetus, -a, -um, adj,^ glad, copious,

abundant.
lambo, -bi, zv.a., to lick.
I&naf -ae,/, wool ; lanam carpere,

to card.
lanoea, -ae,/, a light spear, lance.
laniena, -aei/ (lanius), a butcher*s

stall, shop.
lanifioium, -ii, n. (lana, facio),

the working of wool, spinning.
l&niger, -a, -um, adj, (lana gero),

wool-bearing.
lanista, -ae, /;/., fencing-master.
laniUBy -ii, m., a butcher.
l&nligo, -inis,/ (lana), woolliness,

down.
lapideuSf -a, -um, adj. (lapis), of

stone.
lapilluB, -i, m, dim., a pebble;

lucky days were marked with

whiie^ unlucky ones with black

stones.
lapis, -idis, m,, a stone.
Iaqueu8,-i, m,y a noose, snare, rope.
larg^or, -itus, 4 v, dep. (largus, co-

pious),to give bountifully,bestow,

grant, yield.
Iarg^ta8,-atis,/, bounty, liberality.
laBOivUBy -a, -um, adj.^ wanton,

frolicsome.
lateOy -ui, 2 V, n.f to lie hid or

concealed, keep out of sight.
laterioiUB or -tiuB, -a, -um, adj.,

made of bricks.
l&titudo, -inis, / (latus), breadth.
latr&tUSy -us, m., a. barking.
latrOy -onis, m,, a hired servant,

freebooter, robber, brigand.
latrdeinium, -ii, n, (latro), high-

way robbery.

l&tUB, -a, -um, affj., broad, \vide.
latus» -eris, n,, the side or flank ;

p/ur, the lungs.
lautUB, -a, -um, part. (lavo),

washed, elegant, splendid, weal-

thy.
lavo, lavi and lavavi, lautum, lava-

tum and lotum, i atui 3 v. a. atjd

n,, to wash.
lazOy -avi, -atum, i v. a. and ;i., to

expand, extend.
leotioa, -ae,/, a litter, sedan.
leotor, -oris, m. (lego), a reader ;

late use^a. lecturer*.
leotus, -i, m,, a couch, bed.
legis-lator and legum-l&tor,

-oris, m., a lawgiver.
legOy legi, lectum, 3 v. a., to lay in

order, arrange, pick out, read.
leniSy -e, adj., smooth, soft, mild,

gentle.
lentus,- a, -Vim, adj., slow, sluggish.
leoninus*» -a, um, adj',, o{ or like

a lion.
lepidulUBy -a, -um {dimin,/. lepi-

dus), rather witty.
lepidus, -a, -um, adj'., agreeable,

witty.
lepuSy -oris, ;/!., a hare.
letalis,-e,a^'.(letum), deadly, fatal.
letum, -i, n., death.
leviSy -e, adj'., light in weight,

slight, trifling.
levis, -e, adj'., smooth.
levo, -avi, -atum, i v. a, (levis), to

lighten, relieve.
lex, legis,/, a law.
libens (lub.), -entis, part, (libet, it

pleases), willing.
libere, adv., freely, frankly.
liberOf -avi, -atum, i v,a,, to free,

release.
libertas, -atis,/ (liber), civil free-

dom, liberty.
libertus, -i, w. (cotttr. ^liberatus,

/rom libero), a manumitted slavC;

freedman.
libo, -avi, -atum, i v, a., to take a

little from, to pour out in homur

152

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

of a deity, to make a Hbation,

bestow.
lioentia, -ae, /. (licet), freedom,

leave to do as one pleases, the

taking of a liberty that is not

granted, license.
lioety -cuit and -citnm est, 2 v.n.

impers., it is lawful, allowed, or

permitted ; with dat. of person ;

as a conjunction : granting, even

ify although, with subj.
liotor, -oris, m. (ligo), a lictor, an

attendant (on a Roman magistrate).
ligneus, -a, -um, adj, (lignum),

wooden.
ligOy -avi, -atum, w.a.^ to bind, tie.
ligo, -onis, m.^ a mattock.
limpiduSf -a, -um, cuij,^ clear,

limpid.
lineola, -ae, /., a little line, a line.
linteus, -a, -um, adj.^ linen- : lintea

vestis.
lippUB, -a, -um, aw)*., blear-eyed.
liquiduSy .-a, -um^ adj.^ Howing,

fluid, clear.
lis, lltis,/ {pldform stlis, cf. Germ.

Streit), dispute, matter fordecision.
liter&tus (litt.), -a, -um, adj.,

leamedj liberally educated.
litigOf -avi, -atum, i v.n. (lis,

litis, ago), to dispute, to dispute

at law, litigate.
lito, -avi, -atum, 1 v. «., to make

an offering to, to propitiate.
litura, -ae, / (lino), a smearing, an

erasure, a blot, letter eaten away.
litus (littus), -oris, »., the sea-

shore, coast.
loeo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to place.
loouluSf -i, m. dim.y a little place,

coffer, purse; e loculis suis, out

of his own pocket.
loouB, -i, m.^ a place, position,

rank ; loco, adverbially^ in the

place of, instead of, for.
looutiOf -onis,/ (loquor), a spcech,

pronunciation.
longaevus, -a, -um, adj. (longus

aevum), of great age.

]ong$, adv.f a long way off, fnx oif.
longinquus» -a, -iim, adj. (longus),

long, remote, distant.
longitudo, -mis,/ (longus), length.
longuSy -a, -um, adj.y long, tall.
Idrum, -i, if ., a thong.
lubens (lubenter), v. libens.
lubriouSy -a, -um, cuij.t slippery,

uncertain.
luoemay -ae,/ (luceo v.from lux),

a lamp.
luoroBUS» -a, -um, adj.^ profitable.
luorum, i, »., gain, profit, advan-

tage.
luoiQentus, -a, -um, adj, (iux),

fuU of light, bright.
ludo, -si, -sum, 3 v. a. and n., to

play, sport.
ludus, -i, m. (ludo), a play, pastime,

school.
lumbuSy -i, m., the loin.
lumen, -inis, »., light.
luna, -ae,/, the moon.
luOy lui, 3 V. a.y to pay a debt or

penalty^ undergo.
lupus, -i, m.y a wolf.
lUBtro, -avi, -atum, i v.a. (Instmm),

to purify, go round, traverse.
lutuniy -i, »., mud, mire.
lux,lucis,/, light, daylight, day, the

public view, the public, the world.
lyoanthropious*, -i, m., man-

wolf. A certain disease was call-

ed lycanthropia — a symptom be-

ing ravenous wolf-like hnnger {Gk.

lukos, wolf, and anthropos, man).
lynoeus, -a, -um, adj, (lynx), of the

lynx, sharp-sighted.

maohina, -ae, /, an engine,

machine.
maohinor, -atns, i v, a, dep,, to

devise, design, plot.
maoilentia, -ae, /., leanness.
maoilentus, -a, -um, adf. (macies,

/, leanness), meagre.
maoto, -avi, -atum, i v. a.Jreg,, to

magnify, sacriBce in honour of

the godsj immolate.

VOCABULARY

153

maoulo. -ETi, -atnm, i v. a,

(macnla, /, a stain\ to spot,

defile.
maereo, a v.n, anda, (Jike maestas,

akin to miser), to monrn, grieve.
magiBtr&tus» -us, m,, the oflice

or rank of a roagistrate, magis-

tracy ; gerere, to hold, administer.
magnat^s'^, -nmi m, plur,, mag-

nates.
magneSy -etis, m., with or without

lapis^a magnet; <idj, magneticns.
maiestaB, -atis» /. (mag-nus),

dignity, majesty ; maiestas laesa,

high treason.
m&iusoulus, -a, -nm, adj, dim,

(maior), greater or larger.
male, adv,, comp, peius, sup. pes-

sime, badly, ill.
male-olens» -entis, adj,, ill-smell-

ing.
malumy -i, 1»., an evil, sin.
malus, -a, -um, adj., comp, peior,

peius, sup, pessimusi -a, -um,

bad, evil.
m&luSy -i*/, an apple-tree.
manoipium (manns capio)y-ii, if.,

a formal mode of pnrchase, posses-

sion, right of ownership, a slave in

general.
manoipo (mancupo), -avi, -atum,

I v.a,y to make over, sell.
manous» -a, -um, adj,, maimed, in

a limb or member^ esp. in the hand,
mand&tum, -i, »., an order, com-

mission, injunction.
mando» -avi, -atum, i v. a, (manus

do), to pnt into one's hand,

intmst.
mandra, -ae,/., a stall, herd of

cattle.
manduoOf -avi, -atum, i v, a,

{hence Fr, manger), to chcw,

masticate.
m&ne^ nmtr, indecl,, the moming.
m&neOy -nsi, -nsnm, 2 v, n, and a,,

remain.
m&nes, -ium, m.p/u,y souls of the

dead, shades.

manioae, -aram, /. p/u, (manus),

the sleeve of a tnnic
mansuetuSy -a, -nm, part. (man-

suesco, 3 incep, v,), mild, soft,

gentle.
mantele (mantlle), -is, m«, and

mantelium (mantllium), -ii, n,

(manus), a towel, napkin.
mantelum and mantellum, -i,

n,y a cloak, mantle.
mantile a;;^mantalium, v, man-

tele.
mappa, -ae, / (prob, Semitic),

table-napkin.
margaritum, -i, n, (for mar-

garita,/ ), a pearl.
maritus, -a, -nm, ad;'. (mas, cuij,^

male), pertaining to marriage;

subst, marltus, -i, m,, a married

man, husband.
marra^ -ae,/, a hoe, weeding-hook.
mastio&tio*» -dnis,/, chewing.
■mastigo, -avi, -atum, i v, a., to

sconr?e.
m&terfamilias and m&ter

familias, v. familia.
matrSna, -ae,/, a married woman,

matron , //. , lad ies.
maxilla, -ae, / dim, (mala, /.),

jaw.
maxill&ric, -e, ad/. (maxilla),

pertaining to the jaw ; m. dentes,

the maxillary teeth, grinders.
mazime (maxdme), adv,y in the

highest degree, most of all,

especially, exceedingly, very.
medio&mentumy -i, n., a remedy,

medicine.
medioo, -avi, -atum, i v, a., to be-

sprinkle with the jnice of herbs,

to medicate.
medious» -a, -um, adj\ (medeor,

2 V, dep,, to heal), healing ; subst,,

medicus, -i, ///., a medical man,

physician.
medioximus (medioxnmns), -a,

-nm, adj. (medins), that is in the

middle, holdmg a middle place.
meditor, -atus, i v. a. and n. dep.,

154

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

to exercise oneself in ; esp. in part,

petf,^ having thonght npon.
mediuSf -a, -nm, A^'.,that is in the

middle, middle.
melOy -dnis, m,f melon.
mellituSy -a, -nm, adj,^ of honey,

honey-.
membrftna, -ae,/ (membnim), a

membrane.
membr&nulaf -ae, /. dim, (mem-

brana), a parchment.
meminiy -isse, v, n. defect. {same

root as mens), to remember.
memoro, -avi, -atum, i v, a,

(memor, adj,, mindful. Cf, noun

memoria), to call to remembrance,

reconnt, relate, tell.
mendioitas» -atis,/. {adj. mendl-

cus), beggary.
menaioOy -avi, -atum, i v. a., and

mendioor, -atus, i v. dep.j to go

a begging, live by begging.
mens, mentis,/, mind, disposition,-

opinion.
menBa, -ae, /, a table ; secunda

mensa, the second course.
mensiSf -is, m,, a month.
mensura» -ae, /, a measuring,

measure, size.
mentio, -5nis, / {root of mens),

mention.
mentior, -Ttus, 4 v. n, and a, dep.^

to speak falsely, pretend.
mentum, -i, n.^ the chin of nun

and animals,
meroeBf -edis,/ (merx), hire, pay,

bribe.
mereOf -ui, -itum, and mereor,

-itus, 2 V. a, and w., to deserve of

merit either praise or blame ;

constr. with de; de republ. bene

mereri.
mergUB, -i, m, (mergo, 3 v, a., to

sink), a diver, a kind ofsea-bird,
meridieBy -ei, m. (medius?, dies),

mid-day.
merito, ado,, justly, rightly.
meritum, -i, »., that which one

deserves, desert ; merito tuo, ac-

cordmg to your merits, or thanks

to yon.
merum, -i, n. (merus), pure wine.
meruBy -a, -nm, adj,, pure, un-

mixed, nothing bnt, only, mere.
merXy -cis, /, goods, wares, mer-

chandise.
metf a suffix attached to personal

pronounsj self.
meta» -ae,/ (metior), a goal, end,

limit.
metallum, -i, n,, a metal.
metieulosuB, -a, -um, adj. (metus),

fearful, timid.
metior, mensus, 4 v, a, dep., to

measure, traverse.
metuo, -ui, -litum, 3 v. a. and n,

(metus), to fear, be afraid of.
metUBy -us, m,y fear, dread.
meuB, -a, -um, pronom, adj, (me),

my, mine.
mioo, -ui, IV, n,, to tremble, flash,

glitter.
miles, -itis, r., a soldier.
mille {also written miIe),//M.miIUa

(milia), card, num, a thousand.
milliarium, -ii, »., a milestone.
milvUB, -i, m,, a bird of prey, a

kite.
mimuB» -i, m.y a mimic actor.
ministef, -tra, -trum, adj, andsubs.

(minns, like magister/ri9/;i magis),

an inferior, a servant
ministrOf -avi, -atum, i v, a,

(minister), to attend, serve, supply,

fumish.
minitor, -atus, i v. a, dep,freq,

(minor, i z/.), to threaten ; constr,

with dat, of pers, andacc, ofthing.
mir&oulum, -i, n.y a wonder,

miracle.
miror, -atus, i v. a. and n. dep,, to

wonder or marvel at; with acc,

clause,
miruSy -a, -um, adj., wondeiful.
miBelluB,-a,-um, cutj, dim, (miser),

poor, wretched.
misere» adv,, wretchedly, miser-

ably.

VOCABULARY

155

misdreor, -itus, 2 v. dep,^ to pity ;

with gen,
miseror, -atus, i v, dep, (miser), to

lament, pity.
misertuSy old form for miseritus

(^see misereor).
mite, <idv,<t mildly, gently.
mitesco, 3 v. n, incep, (mitis), to

become mild, grow mild, soft,

gentle.
mitiSy -e, adj.y mild, kindly.
mitra» -ae, /., an Asiatic head-

dress, turban ; in Greece and Rome

worn ofily by women or effeminaie

young men,
modo, adv, (modus), only; non

modo . . . sed (vemm) etiam, not

only . . . but also ; modo si for

dummodo, if only.
modulor,-atus, i v. dep. (modulus

dim, ^modus), to modulate, sing.
modus, -i, m., a measure, modera-

tion.
moenia» -ium, n. plu, (moenio ■=■

raunio), town walls, walls.
moles, -is,/., huge, heavy mass.
moleste, adv, ; moleste fero, I take

it ill, it anno^rs me.
molestia,-ae,/ (molestus),trouble,

annoyance, vexation.
molestUSf -a, -nm, adj, (moles),

troublesome, irksome.
moUor» -ItuSf 4 v. n, and a. dep.

(moles), to exert oneself, toil.
molitor, -oris, m. (molo, 3 v, a., to

grind), a miller.
moUiSy -e, ad/,, soft, effeminate.
mdmentum, 4,». (conir,from mo-

vimentum, from moveo), weight,

influence.
monaolius, -i, ///. {Greek, ' living

alone ') a monk.
monarohia^ -ae,/. {^Greek^ smgle

rule), a kingdom.
moneo» -ni, -itum, 2 v. a., to warn ;

the direct object in acc. ; the in-

direct in gen., with de, and by

a clause.
moneta»-ae,/ {Moneta, a surname

ofJnnOf in whose temple at Rome

money was coined; hence), the

mint, coin, money.
monHe, -is, n., a necklace.
monitor, -oris, m., an admonisher,

adviser.
monitum, -i, »., waming.
monooulus*, -a^ -um, adj. (Gk.

monos, single, and Lat. oculus).

one-eyed.
monositia, -ae, / {Gk. monos,

alone, and sitos, food), act of

eating alone.
mons€nim,-i, n. (moneo), portent,

a monster; monstrum hominis,

monster of a man.
montudsus or montdsus» -a,

•um, adj, (mons), mountainous.
mora, '^t,ft a delay, staying.
mordeOy momordi, morsum, 2 v. a.,

to bite, bite into.
moribundus, -a, -um, adj, (mo-

rior), dying.
morigerus, -a, -um, ad;\y obedient.
moror, -atus, i v. n, and a. dep.

(mora), to delay, tarry.
morosuSy -a, -um, adj, (mos),

peevish, fretful, morose.
mors, -tis,/ (morior), death.
mortuus, -a, -um, part. (morior),

dead.
moSy mdris, m., manner, custom ;

inplur.y character.
motuSy -us, m.y a moving, motion.
moveOy mdvi, motum, 2 v, a. and

n.f to move, stir.
mulier, -eris,/, a woman.
muliercula» -ae,/ dim,, a little

woman.
mulsus, -a, -um, adj.f mixed with

honey; mulsa^-ae^/^mysweet-

heart, my honey ; mulsumy -i, n.

{sc, vinum), honey-wine, mead

(mcl, w., honey).
multator, imper, pass, from

multo, to flne.
multiformis» -e, adj, (multus for-

ma), many-diaped.
multiplez» -icis, adj. (multns

156

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

plica), that has many folds, that

has many parts.
multo {pr muloto), -avi, -atum, i

V, a. (multa), to punish, senten.ce

them to pay.
multum, adv.y much, greatly.
multus» -a, -um, adj. Comp,

plus; sup, plurimus: in sing.,

much, great; inplu., many; sup.

plurimus, -a, -um, most, very

much.
mtUus, -i, m.i a mule.
mundus, -a, -um, adj.y clean, neat.
mimdUB, -i, m. (what is well-

ordcred), the world.
munioeps, -ipis,r. (munia, n.plur,

duties, and capio), an inhabitant

cf a town.
munieipiumy -ii, n. (mnniceps),

a town, esp. in Italy^ a free town.
munifieentia»-ae,/. (munificus),

bountifulness, munificence.
munifiouB, -a, -um, adj. (munus

facio), bountiful, liberal.
muniOy -Ivi or -ii, -itum, 4 v. n.

and a, raise a wall, to fortify.
munitus, -a, -um, part. (munio),

defended, protected.
munuSy -eris, »., a service, favour,

present, gift.
muruSy -i, m., a wall, esp, a city

wall.
musaf -ae,/, a muse.
musoa, -ae,/., a fly.
mussito» I V. n. and a. freq.

(musso, I z'.), to speak in an under-

tone, to mutter.
mutabiliSy -e, adj. (muto), change-

able, inconstant.
mutatiOy -5nis,/. (muto), a chang-

ing, cbange, alteration.
mutiluSf -a, -um, adj,^ maimed,

mutilated.
muto, -avi, -atum, x v. a. and n.,

to move, change, exchange; m.

praedas vino, for wine.
mutuo, adv,, by tums» mutually.
mutuor,-atus, i v. a. dep. (mutuus),

to borrow, derive from.

mfituuSf -a, -um, adj., borrowedy
lent ; mutuas pecunias snmere, to
borrow money; reciprocal, ma-
tual.

myrias, -adis,/ {Greek\ the num-
ber ten thousand.

nam, conj., for.

nanoisoor» nactus, 3 v. a. dep.^ to

get, obtain, receive, find.
nariSy -is, /, a nostril, usu, plu.

nares, -ium, the nose.
nascor, natus {and gnatus), 3 v. n.

{root gna, to grow), dep., to be

bom.
n&sus, -i, m.y the nose.
nativTLS, -a, -um, adj. (nascor),

natural, native.
natOy -avi, -atum, i v. n.freq, (no,

I v.\ to swim.
nautea» -ae, / {Greek), a qualm,

nausea.
nautiouSy -a, -nm, adj., pertaining

to ships, of the sea.
navis, -is, / {acc. navem or na-

vim), a ship.
navo, -avi, -atum, i v.a. (navus),

to do, conduct ; navare operam,

to act vigorously.
n&vus (gnavus), -a^ -um, culj.^

diligent ; the orig, jorm was gna-

vus; cf. i-gnavus; pro6, from

root gna or gen (nascor, gigno).
ne, adv. andconj.y that not, lest.
neo, conj.y V. neque.
neoessariuSy -a, -um, adj. (ne-

cesse), unavoidable, needful, re-

lated ; subst, necessarius, a kins-

man, connexion, friend.
neoesse, indecl. adj. n, {pldform^

necessum), unavoidable, inevit-

able, necessary ; only with esse aftd

habere ; witk subj. n. est id facias.
neoessum, v. necesse.
neonon, v, neque.
neotOy -xui and -xi, -xum, 3 7. a.,

to join, fasten.
ne-fas, n. indecl. {v. fas), a sin,

crime, wickedness.

VOCABULARY

157

negleotus, -Os, m., a neglecting

{rare),
negligentia, -ae, /., «arelessness,

negligence.
neg-ligo {also neglego and nec-

lego), -lexi, -lectum, 3 v, a, (nec

lego), neglect.
negOf -avi, -atum, i v, n. attd a.

(ne aio, to say), to say no, deny,

refiise.
negdtiatia, -dnis,/., business.
negotior, -atus, i v. n. and a, dep.,

to carry on a business.
negdtidBUS, -a, -um, adj,^ fuU of

business, busy.
nedteriouSy -a, -nm, adj, {Greek),

modern.
nepoB, -5ti8, m., a grandson, descen-

dant.
neque or neo» adv, and conj. (ne

que), and not, also not, neither . . .

nor ; neque (nec) non, and also,

and besides.
ne-queo, -ivi and'% -itum, 4 v. n.

(queo, to be able), to be unable.
ne-8oiOy -m or -ii, -Itum, 4 v. a.,

€Sp, in the phrasesy nescio quis,

nescio quid, I know not who,

somebody, a certain person, I know

not what, something.
ni» adv. and conj.^ unless ; as a con-

ditional negative ni has the same

force as nisi, if not, nnless.
nidUB, -i, m., a nest.
niger, -gra, -grum, a<^'., black.
nigresoOy -grui, 3 v. n. incep.

(niger), to become black.
nlhil, n. indecl.^ nothing; with

gen. nihil mali, no harm.
nimirumy culv. (ni, neg. and mi-

rum), without doubt.
nimiSy adv., too much, overmuch.
TilmiiiTn, adv., too much.
nimiuBy -a, -um, cuij. (nimis), ex-

cessive, too great.
vAA^conj.im si), if not, unless,

except
niBUS, -Os, /;/. (nitor, to push), a

pressure, effort.

nitela» -ae,/, neatness, brightness.
niteo, 2 V. n., to shine, look bright.
nitiduSy -a, -um, adj. (niteo),

bright, polished.
nivosuB, -a, -um, acl/., snowy.
niXf nivis, /., snow, white hair,

hoary locks.
noceOy -cui, -citum, a v. «., to hurt,

injure ; with dat,
nootUy V. noctus, by night.
nostUB, -us,/, night.
nolo, nolui, noUe, v. irreg. (ne

volo), to be unwilling.
nomen, -inis, »., a name.
nomin&timf adv.^ by name.
non, adv. {from ne oeuum or

unum, not one, like ne hilum, not

anything), not.
nosoo, novi, notum, 3 v. a. incep.

{root gno), to get a knowledge of,

to know.
BOBtras, -atls, adj., of our country.
nota» -ae,/, a mark, sign, note.
notftriUBf -i, m. (nota), a writer,

coimter.
ndtUBf -a, -um, part. (nosco),

known.
nov&tor, -dris, m.^ a changer, dis-

coverer {rare).
noveroa» -ae, / {prob. from

novus), a step-mother.
novioius or -tiuB, -a, -um, adj.

(novus), fresh, recent.
novitas, -atis,/ (novns), a newness,

novelty, upstart condition.
novUBy -a, -um, adj. {root of^ new '}^ .

new, not old, fresh.
nox, noctis,/, night, a night.
noxiuSy -a, -um, adj. (noxa, /,

harm), hurtful, injurious.
ntibes, -is,/, cloud.
niidus» -a, -um, culj.y naked,bare.
niQlUB» -a, -um, adj. (ne ullus),

not any, none.
nume^y -inis, n. (nuo, 3 v.y to

nod), a nod, command, will,

divinity, god.
numerosus, -a, -nm, adj\ (nu-

merus), numerou», populous.

'58

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

numeruB, -i, m., number, measore,

metrical foot
nliminuB {alsowHtten namus), -i,

m,, a piece of money, coin,

money.
nUDOy adv, of tinUi now, at

present
nunoupo, -avi, -atnm, i v, a, (no-

men capio ?), to call by name» to

call, name.
nunquam (numquam), adv. (ne

unquam), at no time, never.
nuper, cutv, {noviperj/r^m novus).

newly, lately.
nflperuSy -a, -um, adj, (nuper),

late, recent
nuto» -avi, -atum, i v, n,, to nod,

waver.
nutrio, -ivi and -ii, -itum, ^v. a,,

to nourish, support (Junce Fr.

nourrir).
n^tUS, -us, m,, a nod, will, favour.
huz, nucis,/., a nut.
nympha, -ae, afid nymphe, -es,

/., nymph ; transferred use, water

ipoet.).

Ob, prep, with acc, on account of,

owing to.
ob-ambulo, -avi, -atum, i v, n.

and a,y to walk past, to go or

walk about
ob-duco, -xi, -ctum, 3 v,a., draw

before, surround, envelope, cover,

conceal.
ob-erro, -avi, -atum, i v, n,, to

wander.
obSsuSy -a, -um, adj, (edo), fat,

stout, plump.
ob-iicio, -ieci, -iectum, 3 v, a,

(iado), to throw before, offer.
obleot&tio, -onis,/, delight.
ob-lecto» -avi, -atum, i v, a, freq.,

to delight, entertain.
obHque, aifv., obliquely, indirectly.
oblividsuB, -a^ -um, adj, (obllvio,

/, -5nis), forgetful.
obli

obliviBCor, -litus, 3 v, dep,, to
forgct ; constr, with gen.

ob-murmuro, -avi, -atnm, i v, u.,

to murmur, whisper.
obnixd (obnlse), adv., strenuously,

eagerly.
ob-noxi\iB, -a, -um, adj'., liable

or addicted to.
ob-oedio, -ivi, -Itum, 4 v. a. (audio),

to obey.
ob-ruo, -ui, -utum, 3 v, a., to fall

or rush over, bury.
obscuruBy -a, -um, ad/\, shady,

obscure.
obBequenB, -entis, part. (obse-

quor, 3 z^., to obey), compliant.
obsero, -avi, -atum, i v, a, (sera,

/., a bolt), to fasten or shnt up.
OD-sero, -£evi, -situm, 3 v. a., to

plant about, cover over, fill with.
observantia, -ae, / (observans),

observance, reverence, loyalty.
obeerv&tiOy -onis, / (observo),

a watching, observing, observa-

tion.
ob-BervOy -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

note, mark, observe, keep.
obeitUB, -a, -um, part. (obsero).
obBoleBOO (obsoleo), -levi, -letam,

3 V. n. incep. (obs and root ol, to

grow), to grow out of use, become

obsolete.
obBonium» -ii, n. {Greek), that

which is eaten, viands.
ob-Bto, -stiti, -itum, i v. n., to

stand in the way.
ob-Btrei>o, -ui, -itum, 3 v. n., to

make a noise at or against.
ob-Btringo, -nxi, -ctum, 3 v, a., to

bind.
ob-Btruo (opstr.), -xi, -ctum, 3

V. a.y to pile before or against,

block up.
ob-tego, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., to cover

over.
obtempero» -avi, -atum, i v. a.,

to snbmit to, obey.
obtenebresoo (tenebrae,/.//«r.),

V. n., to grow dark.
ob-tineo (optineo), -tinui, -tentum,

2 V. a, afui n, (tenco), to possess,

VOCABULARY

'59

kcep, kecp one's ground, last,

continue.
ol>-trud09 -si, -sum, 3 v, a., to

thrust out ar against^ force upon.
obvius» -a, -um, ad/\ (via), in thc

way, so as to meet, meeting.
00-oaeoo (obc), -avi,-atum, i v. a,

(caecus), to make blind, to blind.
occidens» -entis, parf. (occido),

the quarter of the setting sun, the

v^est.
occidentalis (occidens), adj.,

western.
oc-cidOy -cidi, -casum, 3 v. n. (cado) ,

to fall down, fall, set; sol occi-

dens, sunset.
oc-cludo, -si, -sum, 3 v. a., to shut

or close up.
occulto (obc.), -avi, -atnm, i v. a.

freq. (occulo), to hide, secrete.
occupfituSy-a.-um,/^/'/. (occupo),

occupied, employed, busied.
OCCupOf -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

take possession of, seize, occupy,

take up.
oc-curro (obc), -curri {rarefy cu-

curri), -cursum, 3 v. n., to meet,

present itself, occur, da^
ooeanus, -i, m.y the ocean.
ociter, atfv.f comp. ocius, sup. ocis-

sime, quickly, swiftly.
oculfitus, -a,-um, adj., having eyes,

clear-eycd.
OCUluSf -i, m. {root oc, cf. Germ.

auge), an eye.
6di, odisse, defect. v. a., to have

taken a dislike, Aence to hate.
odor,-6ris, pt., SL smell, scent, odour.
offensa, -ae, / (offendo), offence,

displeasure.
Of-fero (obf.), obtuli, oblatum,

3 V. a. trre^., to show, exhibit,

offer.
officina, -ae,/., a workshop, shop.
officiose, eidv., obligingly, offi-

ciously.
Of-fioium, -ii, n. {contr. of opi-

ficium), service, favour; cere-

monial observance, duty.

oleo, olui, 2 V. n, anda., to smell of.
oleosus, -a, -um, adj., oily, greasy.
oleum, -i, n., olive-oil, oil.
olidus, -a, -um, adj. (oleo), smell-

ing, stinking.
oliniy adv. (oUus, the old form oj

ille), at a time distant from the

present, either past or future,

some time ago, now for a long

time, on a future day.
oliva, -ae,y!, an olive, olive-tree.
olus (holus), -eiis, «., garden herbs,

vegetables.
omfisum, -i, «., bullock's tripe.
omen, -inis, n., a foreboding,omen.
ominosus, -a, -um, adj. (omen),

ominous.
0-mitto, -misi, -missum, 3 v. a., to

let fall, neglect, say nothing of.
omni-genus, -a, -um, adj., of all

kinds.
omnino, adv., altogether, whoUy,

utterly.
onero, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to load,

burden, weary.
onus, -eris, n., a load.
onustus, -a, -um, adj. (onus),

loaded, laden.
opera, -ae,/. (opus), work, labour';

operam dare, to give attention to.
operio, -ui, -ertum, \V.a., to cover,

cover over.
operosus, -a, -um, adj. (opera),

gainstaking, busy, industrious.
opinio, -6nis,y"., opinion, belief.
opinor, -atus, i v. dep., to suppose,

believe.
opiparus, -a, -um, adj. (ops paro),

splendid, sumptuous.
opitulor, -atus, i v. n. dep. (ops

and tul, whence tuli), to bring

aid, to help.
opium, -i, »., opium.
oportet, -uit, 2 v, tmpers. (opus),

it is necessary, proper, or reason-

able; constr. tisu, with injin.,

rarefy with subj. elause,
oppidulum, -i, «, dim. (oppidum),

a small town.

i6o

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

oppiduniy -i, n.f a town.
op-pleo (obpl.), -evi,-ettim, 2 r. a,,

to fill.
opportanitM (obp.), -^xisy/. (op-

portnnns), conyenience, snitable-

ness.
op-primo (obpr.), -pressi, -pres-

sum, 3 V. a, (premo), to suppress,

crush.
ops, opis,/, power, might, property,

wealth, means.
oi>fldiiium, V. obsonium.
optAtUB, -a, -um, j>art. (opto),

wished, desired.
opto, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to choose,

select, desire.
opulens, -entis, and more freq,

opulentus, -a, -um, adj. (ops),

fertile, rich.
opus, -eris, »., work, labour.
opuB, n, tndecl,j need, necessity;

constr, with dat. of person, and

nom. or ctbl, ofthing nceded,
opUBOultun, -i, n, dim. (opus), a

little work.
ora, -ae, / (6s), a border, edge,

boundary.
orbiouluB, -i, f»., a little world.
orbis, -is, m,, a circle; o. terranim

or terrae, the circle of the earth,

the world.
ordior, orsus, 4 v. dep.^ to begin a

web, begin, commence, undertake.
ordo, -inis, m., a straight row, series,

arrangement, order.
oriens, -entis, part, (orior), the

quarter where the sun rises, the

east.
ongo, -inis,/. (o:ior), source.
oilor, ortus, 4 v. dep,, to appear,

arise, originate.
oriunduB, -a, -um, adj, (orior),

sprung from.
om&tus, -us, m,, an adornment,

embellishment.
omuB, -i,/., the ash-tree.
6ro, -avi, -atum, i v. a. (6s), to

pray, b^g, beseech.
ortolanuB, -i, ///., ortolan (bird).

OB» 6ris, if., the mouth, face.
osculum, -i, n, dim. (6s), a little

mouth, kiss.
CB-tendo, -di, -sum and -tum,

3 9. o. (obs tendo), to show,

exhibit, display.
OStenlo, -avi, -atum, i v. a, freq,

(ostendo), to hold out, present,

show oiT, display, boast of.
oatiuiny -ii, n. (6s), a door.
OBtraoiBmuB, -i, m,, ostracism, an

Athenian mode of banishing a

person by writing his name on

a shell,
dtidsuBy -a, -um, adj, (orinm), at

leisure, indifferent, nseless, un-

profitable.
dvum, -i, »., an tgg,

paoificUB, -a, -um, o^*. (pax ani

facio), peace-making, paciiic.
paedagdgrus, -i, m. {Greeh\ a slave

who took the children to school,

govemor, pedagogue.'
paene, adv., almost
p&gUB, -i, m.y a village.
palam, adv., openly» publicly.
palatium, -ii, n,, one of the seven

hills of Rome ; in gen., a palace.
pal&tum» -i, »., and {rarely) pal&-

tUB, -i, m., the palate.
pallium, -i, »., a cloak or mantle.
palma, -ae, /, a palm, palm-

branch, as a token of victofy, the

palm or prize.
palpebra» -ae,/., an eyelid.
palpo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., and

palpor, -atus, i v. a. dep,, to

stroke, feel his way.
paludosuB, -a, -um, adj, (palns),

boggy, marshy.
p&luB» -i, m., a stake, pale.
paluBy -iidis,/, a swamp, marsh.
palUBter, -tris, -tre, adj. (palus),

marshy, swampy.
pampineuB» -a, -um, adj. (pampi-

nus), consisting of tendrils ^r vine-

leaves.
pango, pegi or pepigi, pactum.

VOCABULARY

i6i

3 V, a, {root pag, to fix), to fasten,

fix, settle, agree upon.
p&niSy -is, fn,f bread, a loaf.
paimus, -i, m., a cloth, garment.
papftyer» -eris, »., the poppy.
papillay -ae,/., a nipple, the breast.
pftr, paris, adj.f eqnal, of eqaal size,

the object of comparison is tnost

freq. in ihe dat. ; subjst. par, paris,

n,t a j)air.
paradiBUS, -i, m, {Greek\ a park

or garden, paradise, the Garden of

Eden.
parafi^nariiui*,-i,/vf., an attend-

ant.
parfiriuB, -i, «»., agent, broker.
parasitUBy -i, m, (jGreek\ one who

eats with another, a sponger, para-

site.
parfttus, -a, -um, /ar/. (paro), pre-

pared, ready.
paroo» peperci, lessfreq, parsi, par-

citum dWdrparsum, 3 v, n, (parcus),

to spare ; constr, usu, with dat,
paries» -etis, m., a wall of a

honse.
pario, peperi, paritum atid partum,

3 V, a,t to bring forth, produce,

procure.
pariter, adv,, equally, in like

manner, as well.
parliamentum* (from French),

-i, I»., a Parliament.
parOf -avi, -atum, i v, a., to get

ready, prepare.
pars, partis, f, a part, character,

on the stage, primas partes.
partim, adv, {prop. acc, of pars),

partly, in part.
partior» -itus, 4 v. dep. (pars), to

divide, distribute.
partuSy -a, -um. part, (pario).
partuSy -us, m,, a bearing, birth,

ofTspring.
parum» adv,, too little, not enough,

not very, little.
pannilus, -a, -um, cuij. dim,y vcry

small, esp, of age, litlle, young,

a child.

parvus, -a, -um, adj, {comp, minor,

sup. minimus), little, small.
pasoOy pavi, pastum, 3 z^. o. and n,

{root pa, cf. panis), to drive to

pasture, browse, feed.
passerp -eris, m,, a sparrow.
passim, adv.^ at or to different

places, in all directions, indis-

criminately.
passio, -5nis,/., pain.
pastillus, -i, m, dim. (panis), a

little loaf or roU, pill or lozenge.
pastor, -oris, ///., a herdsman, shep-

herd.
pastus, -us, m,j pasture, food.
patagiatuSf -a, -um, adj,^ oma-

mented with a border, tnnica p.
pate-fiaoio, -feci, -factum, 3 v, a.,

to lay open, disdose.
patens, -entis, part, (pateo), open.
pateOy -ui, a v, n, {root pa, to be

open), to stand, lie or be open.
patescOy -ui, 3 v. n, incep, (pateo),

to be laid open.
patibulum, -i, n. (pateo), a fork-

shaped yoke, gibbet.
patinftrius» -a, -um, adj, (patina,

/, dish), pertaiuing to a dish,

kitchen.
patior, passus, 3 v, dep,, to bear,

sufifer, allow.
patrimonium» -ii, n, (pater), in-

heritance, patrimony.
patrdcinium, -ii, 1»., protection.
patruuSy -i, uncle.
paucitas, -atis, / (paucus), few-

ness, scarcity.
paucus, -a, -um, adj., few, little.
paulfttim (paullatim), adv,, by de-

grees, gradually, a little at atime.
paulum (pauUum), adv.^ a little,

somewhat
pavimentum, -i, n, (pavio), a

fioor, a pavement
X^eocator» -oris, m., a sinner.
pectus» -oris, »., the breast, soul,

spirit.
peculiftrls, -e, adj. (peculium),

one*8 own, special, peculiar.

M

l62

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

poouliumy -ii, n, dim. (pecunia),

private property (esp, of a slave).
peouBy pecoris, >^, cattle, €u a

cottective^ a herd or flock.
peous, -udis»y. (pecu, pecns, -oris),

a single head of cattle, a beast.

farnte, animal.
peieio or periurOy -avi, -atnm, i

V, H. and eu (per inro) to swear

falsely or peijnre oneself.
pellia» ~is,^, a skin, hide.
pello, pepuli, pnlsnm, 3 v. a., to

pnsh, drive, ezpeL
pwuoiduB (perl.), -a, -nm, ad/,

(perlnoeo), transparent.
pendeo, pependi, 2 v.n^ (pendo),

to hai^:» gaze 6xedly.
pBnBBgPrep. witk acc, in the pos-

session cr power of.
penna» -ae, /, a feather; pUtr.

pennae, a wing.
psiunim, -i, 1»., a portion weighed

ont as a da/s work, task, piece of

woik.
per,/n?/. witk acc.y throngfa.
per-ago, -^, -actnm, 3 v. &, to

execnte.
peragro» -avi, -atnm, i v. o., to

trayel throngh, traverse.
per-oenaeo^ -ni, 2 v. o., to coont

over, review.
per-oipio^ -cepi, -ceptnm, 3 v, a.

(capio), to ofatain, reccive.
IMar-oontor (percnnctorX -atns, i

V. a. andn. dep., to inqniie.
per-outio^ -cnssi, cnssnm, 3 v. o.,

to strike.
perditiu^ -a, -nm, part. (perdo),

de^erate, afaandooed.
per^oo^ -didi, -ditnm, 3 v. o., to

make away with, destroy, sqnan- l

der, lose.
peregre^ ado. (ager), afaroad, away

from home.
peregiin&tio^ -dois,/ , a travelling

aboat, pilgiimage.
peregiinua^ -a, -nm, adj. (peie-

gre\ a foreigner, strsmger.
perenniab -e, adj. (annns), that

lasts ^r continues the wholeyear

through, never iailing, unceasing.
per-fodio, -(5di, -fossum, 3 v. a.,

to dig or pierce through.
parforo, -avi, -atum, i v, a., to

bore throngh, pierce throngh.
pergo» perrexi, perrectum, 3 v. o.

and n. (per rego), to go on (nnin*

terruptedly) ; witk inf.
I>er-hibeo, -ui, -itnm, 2 v. a.

(hafaeo), to hold out, say, aasert.
periolitor, -atus, i v. dtp, a. and

«., to try, test, prove.
penoa» -ae, /, a l^ of pwk,

ham.
pernioies» -ei,/ (penieco),destmc-

tion, ruin.
per-opjKxrtune, adv,, veiy season-

afaly.
perpetuo^ adv.., constantly.
perpetuuB» -a, -nm, adj. (peto),

continnons, kince in perpetnnm,

for ever.
perquam, and separ, per qnam,

cuh., extremely.
perBona, -ae,/, a mask, chamcter,

pait.
perspirabilia, -is, -e, a^'., airy(^

akouse\
per-stringo, -nxi, -ctnm, 3 9. o.,

to graze, eip.iftlu eyes, to dazzle,

falind.
per-suldeo^ -d, -snm, i v. o., to

convince, pei^iade; constr, dai.

of person,
perBUftsns, -a, -nm, part. (persoa-

deo).
per-taadet» -taesnm est, 2 v. im'

pcrs. and »., to canse to feel dis-

gnst or weariness ; wiik acc.
p^aesua» -a, -nmy part. (pertae-

det).
pertinfioiter, «&'., steadily, stnb-

faomly.
per-traoto (pcitrecto), -avi, -atiim,

i V. a.. to handle, treat.
IierturUtor» -oris, iw., a distnrber.
per-Tenio, -veni, -ventnm, 4 r. n.,

to airive at, reach.

VOCABULARY

163

pes, pedis, fn.t afoot ; poet. ofjoun-

tains and riversj course.
pessulus, 4, m. {Greek), a bolt.
peto, -jvi and -ii, -itum, 3 v, a., to

make for, ask, seek.
petraeus, -a, -nm, afid petrosus,

-a, -um, ad/., rocky.
phantasia, -ae,/ {Greek), fancy.
pharetra, -ae./T» a quiver {poet.).
pharmacopdla» -ae, m. {Greek),

a vender of medicines, qnack.
piaoulum» -i, //. (pius), a sin-

ofTering, sin.
pictor» -5ris, m. (pingo, 3 «/. a., to

paint), a painter.
pie, adv.y piously, religionsly.
pietaSf -atis,/ (pius), piety.
piger^ -gra, -grum, adj. (piget),

nnwilling, slnggish, inactive.
pigmentum» -i, »., colour.
piluSf -i, m.y a hair.
pinguedOy -inis, /, fatness.
pinguesoo, 3 v. n. incep. (pinguis),

to become or grcw fat.
pinguis, -e, adj,, fat, rich, fertile.
pirata, -ae, nu {Greek)^ a corsair,

pirate.
pisciSy -is, I»., a fish.
pistor, -oris, m,^ a pounder, one

whopounds com or grinds, a baker.
pituita» -ae, /., slime, phlegm,

catarrh.
pituitosus, -a, -um, adj. (pituita),

fuU-of phlegm, phlegmatic.
pius» -a, -um, adj., pious, devout,

dutiful, loyal.
pix, picis, /, pitch.
plaoenta, -ae, / {Greek)^ a cakc.
plaoiduSf -a, -um, adj. (placeo),

calm, mild.
plaga» -ae, /, a flat surface, region,

tract.
pl&ne, adv., clearly, quite.
planta,-ae,/, asprout,shoot, plant.
platea, -ae, / {Greek), a street.
plaustrum, -i, n., a wagon, wain.
plebecula, -ae, /., the populace,

rabble.
pleoto» 3 v. a.f to punish.

plenuB, -a, -um, adj., full, filled

with ; witk abl.
pleiumque» adv., for. the most

part, mostly, commonly.
plerusque, -raque, -rumque, adj.,

a very great part, the greater part,

most ; plu.j the most.
pldrOy -avi, -atum, i v. /1.' and a,,

to weep aloud, lament.
pluma, -ae, /, the downy part of

a feather, a small, soft feather.
plumbeus, -a, -nm, adj., made of

lead.
plumbum» -i, «., lead.
plurimus, -a, -um, v. multns.
plus, coffip. adv.y more, witk quam.
pociUator^ -5ris, w., cupbearer.
pooillum, -i, n, dim. (poculum), a

little cup.
poculum, -i, n, {root po, to drink),

a drinking vessel, cup.
podagra, -ae, /, the gout.
poena, -ae, /, vengeance, punish-

ment.
pol, interj. {abifr. vocat. of Pollux)^

by Pollux ! truly 1 {cf edepol).
pollo, -ivi afid -ii, -itum, 4 v, a,, to

smooth, polish, decorate.
politicus, -a, -um, adj. {Gk. polis,

a city), pertaining to the State.
pollex, -icis, m,, the thumb, great toe.
poUiceor, -itus, 2 v, a, dep, (pro

liceor), to promise.
pollicit&tio» -onis, / (pollidtor),

a promising, promise.
I>olU8y -i, m., the end of- an axis, a

pole; polus glacialis, the north

pole ; polus australis, the soulh

pole ; adj. polaris, -is, -e.
pom&riuSf -a, -um, adj. (pomum),

pertaining to fruit ; pomarium. -ii,

n, fruit-garden, orchard; dim.

pdmariolum.
pompa, -ae,/., asolemn procession ;

esp. of a fufurcU procession.
pondus, -eris, n. (pendo), a weight,

heaviness.
pono, posui, positum, 3 v. a., to

place, set, appoint, erect, build.

M 2

164

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

popellus» -i, m, dim, (populas), the

rabble, mob.
popina» -ae, /, a cook-shop, eat-

ing-house.
popinfttdrius, -a, -nm, adj., relat-

ing to cooking.
poptUosus, -a, -nm, adj,^ populous.
populilis, -i, m,^ a people, nation.
poroinuB, -a, -um^ adj,^ of a hog,

swine*s.
porous, -i, m.<t a hog, pig.
por-rigo, -rexi, -rectum, 3 v, a, (pro

and rego), to stretch or spread

out.
porrum» -i, n,, and porrus, -i, m.^

a plant oftwo kinds, the leek and

the chive.
portiLoTiB, -us,/. (porta,/.),a colon-

nade, porch.
portus, -us, m. (porta), a harbour.
pos-Bum, potui, posse, irreg. v, n,

(pot, root of potis, and sum), to

be able.
post» adv, andprep. ; adv. of space,

behind, back, after ; prep, with

acc.t behind, after,
I>08terus (poster)> -a, -um, adj.

comp, posterior, -us; sup, postre-

mus or postnmus, -a, -um (post),

coming after, foUowing ; in pos-

terum, in future, for the future.
post-hfto» adv., after this time, here-

after.
postious, -a, -um, adj, (post ; like

KntiGQ&from ante), that is behind ;

subst, posticum, -i, n., a backdoor.
post-modo, adv„ afterwards,

shortly.
postquam, also separcUe, post quam,

conj.t after that, after, since, when.
postfulOy -avi, -atum, i v, a. (posco),

to ask, demand.
pdtfttor» -oris, m,, a driuker, toper.
potens, part. (possum), able,

mighty, powerful.
I>otentia» -ae, / (potens), might,

force, power.
potestas, -atis, /. (possum), power,

faculty, opportunity.

pdtio, -5nis, /., a drink, draught,

magic potion.
potisBime (potissume) and potis-

simum (potissumum), adw,,

chiefly, in prefercnce to all others.
potiimoulay • ae, /. dim,, a small

draught, potion.
poto, -avi, -atum, i v. a, and n,

{root po: V, potus), to drink,

drink hard, tope.
p5tU8, -a, -um, adj., dronk,

drunken.
prae» cuiv, and prep,, in front, in

comparison with, by reason of.
prae-altus,-a,-um, adj., very high.
praebeo, -ui, -itum, 2 v. a, {contr.

from praehibeo, from habeo), to

hold in front, present, show.
prae-bibo, -bibi, 3 v, a. {cf pro-

pino), to drink to one.
prae-oedOy -cessi, -cessum, 3 v, a,

andn.f to go before.
praeoeps, -dpitis, adf. (prae

caput), head-foremost, headlong,

steep, precipitous, dangerous.
praeoeptum» -i, n., precept,

direction.
praeoipue, adv., especially.
prae-olftre, adv., very clearly, ex-

cellently.
prae-cludo, -si, -sum, 3 v. a.

(claudo), to forbid access to.
praeoo, -5nis, m., a crier, herald.
praeoonor, -atus sum, v. dep. n.,

to proclaim.
praecordia, -orum, n, plu. (cor),

the midriff, breast, body.
praecoz, -cocis, a/f^ praeooquis»

-e, and praeooquus, -a, -um,

adj. (coquo, 3 v, a, to cook,ripen),

ripe before its time, untimely.
praeda» -ae,/, booty, spoil, prey.
prae-dico, -avi, -atum, i v, a., to

proclaim.
prae-dioo» -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a,, to

mention beforehand, foretell, pre-

dict.
praedium, -ii, «., property, hence

land generally.

VOCABULARY

165

praefectuSy -a, -um, part. (prae-

ficio), a president, prefect.
prae-fero, -tuli, -latnm, irreg.

V. a., to bear before, carry in

front.
< prae-grandiSy -e, adj.y very large,

huge.
prae-legOy -legi, -lectum, 3 v. a.y

to read and explain to others,

lecture upon.
prae-moneo, -ui, -itum, 2 v, o., to

forewam.
praemonituSy -a, -um, parf.

(praemoneo).
prae-noBoo, 3 v. a, {root gno),

to leam beforehand.
prae-ripio, -ripui, -reptumj^z^.a.

(rapio), to carry off.
prae-soius» -a, -um, adj.f fore-

knowing, prescient.
praescriptum, -i, »., something

prescribed, an order, rale.
praesens, -entis, part. (praesum),

present.
praesertim, ach.j especially, par-

ticularly.
praeses, -idis, adj. (praesideo), a

president, roler.
prae-sideo, -sedi, 2 v, n, (sedeo),

to preside over, command.
praesidiarius, -a, -um, adj.

(praesidium), that serves for de-

fence; praesidiarii milites, garri-

son soldiers.
praesidium, -ii, n, (praeses), a

defence, protection, guard.
praesto, adv., at hand, ready.
prae-sto, -stiti (-avi), -stitum and

-statnm, i v. n. and a.y to stand

out, be superior ; what is excelled

is expressed by dat,^ lo surpass,

excel, accomplish, pay, execute,

give, offer, show.
praestdlor, -atus, i v, n. anda. dep,

(praesto), to wait for, expect.
prae-sum, -fui, irreg. v. m., to be

set over, be the chief person ; dat.
praetenuis, -is, -e, adj.^ very

meagre.

praeter, adv, and prep.y except,

excepting, besides, except.
praeter-eo, -Ivi, andmorefreq. -ii,

-itum, \v. n, and a., to pass by,

not mention.
praetermitto, -misi, -missnm, 3

V. a.y to let pass, neglect.
praetorium, -ii, n. (praetor), a

general*s tent, the ofHcial residence

of the govemor ; any magnificent

building.
prandeo, -di, -sum, 7 v, n, and a,

(prandium), to breakfast.
prandium, -ii, »., a light meal

taken in the forenoon, breakfast,

luncheon.
precor» -atus, i v, n, anda. dep.y to

pray, beseech.
premo, pressi, pressum, 3 v, a,, to

press, burden.
pndem, adv., long ago.
primitus, adv., at first.
primulum, adv., at first.
prinoipatus, -us, m., the first

place, pre-eminence.
prior, prius, -oris, comp, adj,,

former, previous.
prisouSy -a, -um, adj.y pertaining

to former times, old.
pristinus, -a, -um, adj., former,

early, pristine.
piiviLegiumy -ii, n. (privus, pri-

vate, and\tx)y aprivilege, preroga-

tive.
pro, prep. with abl,, in front of,

according to or as, conformably to.
probe, adv.^ rightly, well, excel-

lently.
probus, -a, -um, adj,^ serviceable,

good.
pro-cedOy -cessi, -cessum, 3 v, #».,to

go forwards or before, to proceed.
procer, -eris, m,, a chief,noble ; usu.

plur.y the leading men, princes.
procerus, -a, -um, adj., high, tall.
pr5-cinctU8, -us, m.y a girdingup,

readiness.
procul, adv.y at a distance, from

afar ; with ab, far from ; prep.

i66

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

with abl.y procnl dabio, without

doubt.
pro-oumbo, -cubui, -cubitum, 3

V. ff., to sink dowD, sink.
pr5d-eo, -ii, -itumi 4 v. »., to go or

come forth.
prddigiosus, -a, -um, adj. (pro-

digium), unnatural, strange.
prodigium, -ii, »., an omen, por-

tent, a monster, prodigy.
prdd-igOf -egi,-actum, 3 v.a. (ago),

to drive forth, squander, waste.
pro-do, -didi, -ditum, 3 v.a.^ to

show, report, betray.
prd-dlioOf -xi, -ctum, 3 v.a.^ to

bring forth, bear.
profeotOf adv.^ really, surely.
pr5-fioio, -feci, -fectum, 3 v,n. and

a, (facio), to make way, gain

ground, make progress, succeed.
profioisoor, -fectus, 3 v. n. dep.

(facio), to set out, go, travel.
pro-fiteor, -fessus, a v. a. dep.

(fateor). to avow, confess openly.
profor, -fatus, I v. dep. «., to say,

speak.
profosus, -a, -um, part. (pro-

fundo), spread out, lavish, ex-

travagant.
pro-inae, adv.y hence, accordingly.
pr^les» -is, /. {root ol, to grow),

that which grows forth, offspring.
prd-lizuB» -a, -um, adj. (laxus),

stretched far out, long, broad,
pr5-luOf -lui, -lutum, 3 v. a. (luo,

wash away), to moisten, wet.
pr5minenSt -entis, part. (pro-

mineo), projecting, prominent.
pr5-mitto, -mlsi, -missum, 3 v. a.,

to put forth, promise.
pr5montorium, -ii, n. (mons), the

highest part ofa diain of mountains,

a headland, promontory, cape.
pr5-moveo, -movi, -motum, 2v.a.y

to move forwarus, advance, pro-

mote.-
pr5auB, -a, -um, adj., leaning or

hanging forwards, stooping, bend-

ing down, disposed, prone to.

pro-pendeOf -di, -sum, 3 v.n.y to

hang forth, hang down.
propinOy-avi, -atum, i o. a. {Greek\

to drink to a person's health, to

give to drink, give, deliver.
propior, -ius, -oris, comp, adj.

{siip. proximus), nearer.
pr5-p5no, -posui, -positum, zv.a.y

to set before, propose mentally.
propter, prep, with accus., on

acconnt of.
pr5*pugn09 -avi, -atnm, i v. n,

aftda.y to fight in defence of.
propylaeum or -on, -i, ». (Gk.

pule, a gate), a gateway, entrance.
pro-rito, i v. a., to provoke, incite,

allure.
prorsus, adv. (versus), forwards,

straight on, directly, absolutely.
pr5s&pla, -ae, /, a stock, race,

family.
pr5-sequor, -cutus, 3 v. a. dep.y to

foUow forth, pursue, continue,

proceed with a narration.
proseuoha, -ae,/ {Greek), place

for prayer.
pro-spioio, -exi, -ectum, 3 v. n.

and a. (specio), to look forwards,

provide for.
pro-stemo, -stravi, -stratum, 3

V. a.f to throw to the ground,

prostrate.
pr5-tendo, -di, -sum and -tum, 3

V. a.y to stretch forth or out, to

extend.
pr5tentus, -a, -um, part. (pro-

tendo), stretched out.
pr5veotus, -a, -um, part, (pro-

veho), advanced.
pr5-veho, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a, to

carry forwards, raise, promote,

exalt.
pr5-venio, -veni, -ventunr, 4 v. n.,

to come forth, arise, tum ont.
pr5vinoia, -ae,/, a charge, com-

mand, province.
pr5-vooo, -avi, -atum, i v. a. and

n.y challenge.
pro-volvo, -volvi, -volutum, zv.a,^

VOCABULARY

167

to roll forwards, roll away, pros-

trate oneself ; se alicui ad pedes.
proxiniitas, -atis, /. (proximus),

neamesSy proximity.
prudens» -entis, adj, and subsi,

{contr, of providens), foresceing ;

often to be rendered by an adv,^

designedly, on purpose.
pBittaous, -i, m,y a parrot.
psyohomantiuin or -eum, -i, m.,

a place of necromancy.
pte» an eniphaiic suffix appended to

personal proncunSf esp, in the ab-

lative^ self, own ; meopte ingenio.
pubes, •is, /. (pubes), coliect,\

youth, young men.
publioUB, -a, -um, adj, (conir, of

populicus from populus), public,

common ; publioum» -i, »., the

public purse, treasury.
pudety 2 V, impers,\ pudet me with

gen,y I am ashamed.
pudor, -oris, m.j shame, modesty.
pugio, -onis, m., a dagger, dirk.
pulohelluSy -a, -um, adj. dim.

(pulcher), beautiful little.
puloher, adj,^ beautiful, fair.
pulohritudo» -inis, /., beauty,

excellence.
puUus» -a, -um, adj,^ dusky.
pulsOy -avi, -atum, i v, a, freq,

(pello), to strike, beat.
pulto, I v,a, (pello),to beat, knock.
pulvillus, -i, m, dim.y a little

cushion, small pillow.
pulviSy -eris, w., dust, powder.
pungo, pupugi, punctum, 3 v. a,^

to prick, pierce.
puniouSy -a, -um, adj, (Poeni),

Punic ; punicum malum, a pome-

granate.
puppis, -is,/., the stem or poop.
purgo, -avi, -atum, i v, a, (contr,

from puram ago), to clean, purify,

purge.
puritaSy -atis,/, purity.
puteuB, -i, m., a well.
putidUBy -a, -um, adj, (puteo, 2

V, n.)f rotten.

pyra» -ae,/. (Greek), a funeral pile.
p^amis» -idis, /. {Greeh)ySL pyra-

mid.
pyropus, -i, m, {Greek), a metallic

mixture, gold-bronze, bronze.
pyxis, -idis,/. {Greek), a box, small

box, esp.forungueniSy medicinesy

eic, ; dim, pyxidicula, -ae,/.

quadantenustff quadamtenus,

adv. (quidam tenus), to a certain

point.
quadra, -^i^tf-t a square, a dining-

table ; aliena vivere quadra, to

live from another*s table.
quadrupes (quadripes), -edis, adj,

(quatuor pes), four-footed ; subst,,

a four-footed animal, a quadmped.
quadruplus» -a, -um, adj,

(quatuor), four-fold ; subst,^ quad-

ruplum, a four-fold amount, four

times as much.
quaerito, -avi, -atum, i v, a,freq,

(quaero), to ask or inquire re-

peatedly.
quaeroy -slvi or -sii, -sTtum, 3 v. «.,

to look or search for, aim at,

strive, to seek to gain, ask, in-

quire.
quaesOy -Ivi or -ii, 3 v. a. (oldform

for quaero), to pray, beg, beseech.
quam-libet (-lubet), adv,, how

much soever.
quandOy adv, and conj., at what

time? when.
quan-quam (quamquam), conj.y

thongh, although : constr, with

indic, ; in transiiions, though,

and yet
quantum, adv,y as much, so much.
quantumviSy adv,, as much as

you will, how much soever.
quantuSf -a, -um, adj. (quam),

how great.
quantus • ounque, -tacnnque,

-tumcunque, adj,, how great so-

ever.
qu&quft, fl(/«'.,whercsocvcr,whither-

soever.

i68

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

quaqtiaverBUm, cuh,, every way,

on evcry side. •
qii&-re, adv.^ by which means,

wherefore.
quasi, adv.^ as it were, as if.
quatiOf no perf.f qnassnm, 31?. a.,

to shake.
queo, -ivi and -ii, -itnm, 4 v. n., to

be able.
quercus, -Os,/, an oak, oak-tree.
queror, questns, 3 v, a. and n. dep.

{Jreq. qnerito i), to complain.
quarquedula, -ae, /., a kind of

dnck, the teal.
qui, adv. {abl. of qni), with or

from which, wberewidi, in what

manner, how.
quicunque» qnaecunqne, qnod-

cnnqne {pr cnmque), pron. reiat.y

whosoever, whatsoever, of what-

ever kind.
quidem, adv., partaking of tho

naiure ofan encliticj beingalmost

invariably placed after the empha-

tic word of the sentence, indeed,

in tmth.
quiesoo, -evi, -etum, 3 v. »., to

rest, kecp quiet, leave off.
quin, conj..t that not, bnt that {with

subj.) ; as a corroborative or ad-

versative particle « immo, nay,

nay even.
quinquagesimuB, -a, -um, ordin.

num. (auinqnaginta), the fiftieth.
quintuplezy -icis, adj,, fivefold, in

five parts.
quippOy ach. and conj., to be sure,

by all means ; with pron. relai.,

inasmuch as.
quiSy quae, quid, pron. interrog.^

who? which? what?; indef.^ any

one, any body, anything, esp.

after si, ne, nisi, quum.
quispiam, quaepiam, quodpiam,

and subst. quidpiam <>rquippiam,

pron. indefin.y some one^ some-

thing.
quis-quam, quaeqnam, quicquam

(quidquam), pron. indejin.y 9jk^-

body, anything, something ;

(neqne) qnisqnam, and no one.
quiB-que, qnaeqne, qnodqne, and

subst, qnicqne (qnidqne), pron.

indejin., each, every, eveiybody,

every one, cvery thing.
quis-quis, qnaeqne, qnodqnod, a»u/

subst. qnicqnid (qnidqnid), prm.

indefin., whosoever, whatever.
quod, conj., in that, becanse.
quoH-dianuB (qnottid. and coti-

dianns), -a, -nm, adj. (qnotidie,

adu.f daily), every day, daily.
quotleB (qnotiens), adv., how often,
* how many times, as often as.
quot-quot, adj. indecl., as many

soever as.

rabidUB, -a, -um, adj. (rabies, /.,

fnry), eniaged, savage.
r&dioula» -ae, /. dim. (radix), a

small root.
rfidix, -ids,/, aroot, radish*.
r&dOy rasi, rasnm, 3 v. a., to scrape,

shave off the hair, shave.
ramuluB» -i, m. dim.^ a little

branch w bongh.
r&muB, -i, m., a branch, bongh.
raphanuB» -i, m., a radish.
rapio» rapni, raptum, 3 v. a.,-to

seize, snatch.
raptriz, -Ids,/. (/ ^raptor, iw.),

a seizer.
r&ruB, -a, -nm, adj., far apart,

scattered, rare.
ratiOy -onis,/, the mode ^ art of

thinking, acconnt, nature.
rattiB, -a, -um, part, (reor).
rea, -ae, v. reus.
re-bello, -avi, -atum, i v. n.^ to

make an insnirection, revolt.
re-oipio, -cepi, -ceptum, 3 v. a.

(capio),togetback,accept, receive.
re-oito, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to na t

out, recite.
re-oludo, -^, -sum, 3 v. a.

(claudo), to disclose, reveal.
reoordor, -atus, i v, a. and n» dep.

(cor), to think over, be mindfal of.

VOCABULARY

169

re-oreo» -avi, -atnm, i v. a., to

create anew, restore, refresh.
reot&, adv. {sc, via), straight for-

wards, right on.
reotilinearis*, -is, -e, ad/,, in a

straight line.
reotor, -oris, m., a gnider, tntor.
reotus, -a, -nm, /ar/. (rego),

straight.
re-oumbo, -cnbui, 3 v. n., to lie

down again, lie down.
re-ourro, -cnrri, 3 v. »., to come

back, retnm.
re-oti80f -avi, -atnm, i v. a. (cansa),

to decline, refuse.
red-dOf -didi, -ditum, 3 v. «., to

return, restore, bring forth, pro-

duce, give.
red-eOf -ii, -itum, 4 v. «., to re-

tum.
red-igo, -egi, -actum, 3 v. a. (ago),

to bring back, reduce.
red-imo, -emi, -emptum, 3 v. a.

(emo), to buy back, buy off, pur-

chase.
red-integro, -avi, -atum, i v. «.,

to renew.
reditUBt -us, w., retum, revenue,

income.
redi-vivus, -a, -um, adj.^ renewed,

renovated.
re-dtLoo» -xi, -ctum, 3 v, a,, to lead

<>rbring back, conduct back, wilh-

draw.
red-undo, -avi, -atum, i v, n,, to

flow back, come back.
reduplioo, -are, v, «., to repeat.
reduz» -ucis, adj, (reduco), that is

led or bronght back, retumed.
re-fero» retuli, relatum, 3 v. a,

irre^., to put back, leport, men-

tion.
re-fert» -tulit, v. n, impers,, it con-

cems, is of consequence or impor-

tance to.
re-fr&gor, -atus, i v. n, dep.y to

oppose, resist.
re-gero*, -gessi, -gestum, 3 v. a.,

to bring back, repeat.

regia,-ae,y! {sc, domus) (adj. regius) ,

a royal palace, castle, court.
regimen, -inis, «.(rego, 3 v. a., to

rule) , a guidance, rule, govemment.
regio, -onis, / (rego), a tenitory,

region.
regius, -a, -um, adj. (rex), kingly,

royal, princely, splendid.
regno, -avi, -atum, 1 v, n, and a,

(regnum), to reign.
regula, -ae, / (rego), a straight

piece of wood, a ruler, role ; a rule,

pattern, model.
re-lego, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

send away, dispatch ; esp, of a

milder form of banishment,
religio (relligio), -onis,/. {root lig,

to bind), reverence for the gods,

piety, religion; also an offence

against religion, giving rise to

scruples of conscience,
religioBUS (rellig.), -a, -um, adj.

(religio), pious, devout, religion,

priests.
re-ligo, -avi, -atum, i v. a„ to bind

fast.
re-linquo, -llqui, -lictum, 3 v. a.,

to leave behind.
reliquiae (relliqu.), -aram, / plu.

(relinquo), leavings, relics.
reliquus, -a, -um, culj,, that is

left or remains, remaining ; subst,

with gen., the rest; quod belli

reliquum erat.
re-luotor, -atus, i v, n, dep,^ to

stmggle against, resist, to be

adverse or reluctant ; with dat,
re-meo, -avi, i v,n.y to retnm.
remex, -igis, m. (remus ago), an

oarsman.
remigium, -ii, n, (remex), a row-

ing.
re-minisoor, 3 v. n. and a, dep.^

to recall to mind.
remisse, adv., gently, mildly.
re-mitto, -m!si, -missum, 3 v. a.

andn,f to send forth.
re-mora, -ae,/., delay, hinderance,
remotio, -5nis, / (removeo), a

170

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

putting away, removing, out of

the way, distant.
remus, -i, m.f an oar.
renideOy -ere, 2 v, «., to glitter,

glisten.
reor, ratus, 2 v. a. dep,^ to think,

snppose, imagine.
re-pello, repuli (repp.), pnlsum, 3

V. a., to drive or push back.
repantiniiSi -a, -um, ad/.y sudden,

uneicpected.
re-perio, reperi (also repperi),

repertum, 4 v. a., to find, meet

with, find out.
re-pleOf -evi, -etum, 2 v. a. {root of

adj. plenus), to fill up, make full.
re-pono, -posui, -positnm, 3 v.a.^

to place, put, or lay back, to lay

up, store up, keep, preserve.
re-i>orto, -avi, -atum, i v. a.y to

carry or bring back.
repositorium, -ii, n. (repono),

a stand, receptacle.
re-puto, -avi, -atum, i z/. «., to

reckon, think over.
re-quies, -etis, /., rest, relaxa-

tion.
res, rei, /, a thing, reality ; in the

abl. sing, sometimes strengtkened

by vera, in fact, in reality; res

pnblica, the common weal, state ;

esp. res novae, changes or revolu-

tion, r. rustica, agriculture.
re-sero, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

open, tear open.
re-servo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to

keep back, preserve.
resina, -ae,/, resin.
re-sisto, -stiti, 3 v. n,^ to stand

still, oppose, resist.
re-solvo, -solvi, -solutum, 3 v.a.^

to loosen, separate, soften.
re-spiro, -avi, -atnm, i v. a. and

w., to recover breath.
re-spondeo, -di, -sum, 2 v. «., to

answer, reply, agree, accord, or

correspond with.
re-spuo, -ui, 3 z'. a., to spit back,

reject, refuse.

re-stituo, -ui, -utum, 3».^?. (statuo),

to put or set up again, restore.
re-sto, -stiti, i v. n.^ to stand

behind, be left, remain.
resulto, no perf., -atum, i v. «.

and a.freq. (resilio, re and salio),

to spring back, rebound.
rete, -is, «., a net, toil, snare.
re-torqueo, -si, -tum, 2 ». «., to

bend back, to tum or cast back.
retortus, -a, -um,/ar/. (retorqueo).
rid-traoto (retrecto), -avi, -atum,

I V. a., to reconsider, draw back,

refuse.
reus, -i, »/., andTea, -ae, / (res),

a party to an action, defendant;

one condemned.
rdvera, v. res.
re-vinoio, -vinxi, -vinctum, 4 v. a.,

to bind fast, fasten.
re-voco, -avi, -atum,-i v. a., to call

back, recall.
rex, regis, m. (rego), a king.
rhinooeros, -otis, m. {Gk, rhis, a

nose; keras, hom), a rhinoceros.
ridenduB, -a, -um (rideo), langh-

able.
rideo, ifsi, rfsum, 2 v. n. and a.,
_to laugh, smile ; laugh at, witA acc.
ridiculus, -a, -um, adj. (rideo),

laughable, amusing.
rigo, -avi, -atum, 1 v.a., to wet, water.
risus, -us, m., laughter, laugh.
xitus, -us, m., a religious usage,

ceremony, rite.
rixa, -ae,/, aquarrel,dispute, strife.
rixor, -atus, i v. n. dep. (rixa), to

quarrel, brawl.
roDur, -oris, «., hardness, strength ;

an oak.
rogo, -avi, -atum, i v. a., to ask,

question ; with double acc.
ronous, -i, /«., noisc, mmbling.
rostrum, -i, n. (rodo, 3 V. «., to

gnaw), the bill £7rbeak of a bird, the

snout, a ship*s beak.
rota, -ae, /, a wheel.
rotatills*, -is, -e, adj. (rota), mov-

ing on wheels.

VOCABULARY

171

rotula» -ae,/ dint.^ a little wheel.
ruber, -bra, -brum, adj„ red.
rubioundus, -a, -um, adj. (rubeo),

red, ruddy.
ruoto, -avi, -atum, i v, «. and a.,

to belch.
rudmif -eris, «., old rubbish, 0/ de-

cayed buildings.
zufus» -a, -um, adj.f red-headed.
rugosus, -a, -um, adj, (ruga, /, a

wrinkle), wrinkled, shrivelled.
rumor, -oris, ;;/., report, rumour.
ruo, -ui, -utum, 3 V. n. and a., to

rnti, rush, dash, hasten.
rupeSf -is, /., a rock.
rursus or lessfreq. rursuju, adv.,

again.
rus, ruris, «., the country.
rustious, -a, -um, adj., pertaining

to the country.
rutiluSf -a, -um, adj., red {akin io

ruber).

saooharum, -i, ;/., sugar.
sacoullMEl, -i, f?t. ditn. (saccus, fw.),

a little bag, esp.for money^ a purse.
saoer, saora, saorum, adj., holy,

sacred, devoted.
seioerdoSy -otis, comm.^ a priest,

priestess.
saorifico, -avi, -atum, i v. a. (sacer

facio), to sacrifice to the gods.
sacrosanotus, -a, -um, aaj. (sacer

sancio), sacred, inviolable.
saeculum, -i, «. {perh,from seco),

a generation, age.
saepe, cuiv., often.
saeviOy -ii, -Itum, ^ v. n. (saevus,

adj., fierce), to be fierce.
B&ga, -ae, /., a female diviner,

fortune-teller.
sagftoiter, adv.y keenly, wisely.
sagaXy -acis, adj.y whose senses are

acute, acute, shrewd.
sagina, -ae, /i, a stuffing, fattening.
saginOy -avi, -atum, i v. a. (sagina),

to fatten animals.
sagulum, -i, n,f a small military

cloak.

sal, salis, m, {Fr. sel), salt.
salitus*, -a, -um, salted.
saliva, -ae,/, spittle.
saliXy -icis,/, a willow-tree, willow.
salsamentum, -i, n, (salsus),

pickle.
saltem» adv. (a contraction of salu-

tem), at the least, at all events.
salus, -utis,/, welfare, safety.
salutftris, -e, adj. (salus), salutary,

serviceable.
saluto, -avi, -atum, i v. a, (salus),

to salute.
salvus, -a, -um, adj.y safe, unhurt,

sound.
sanoio, -xi, -ctum, 4 v. a., to make

sxcred, appoint or decree, ordain.
sancte, adv.^ solemnly, scrupu-

lously.
sanctus, -a, -nm, part^ (sancio),

inviolable.
sandapila, -ae,/, a common kind

of bier, for people of the loiver

classes.
sane, adv, {adj, sanus), soberly,

indeed, truly.
sapiens, -entis,/ar^. (sapio), vvise,

sensible.
sapio, -ivi or -ii, 3 v, n. and a., to

taste, have a taste, have sense,

know.
sapor, -oris, m, (sapio), a taste.
saroina, -ae, / (sarcio), a burden,

load,//«r. baggage.
sartor, -oris, m., a patcher, tailor.
sartuSy -a, -um, part, (sarcio),

mended, in order, only in the

phrase sartus tectus, adj.f in good

repair, safe and sound.
sat, adv,f V, satis.
satagOy V, satis.
satis, and contr. sat, indecl, adj.

or subst.f and adv. ; as an adj, or

subst.y enough, sufficient; as an

adverby enough, sufficiently; satis

ago or ^at ago, to do enough, to

exert oneself.
satur, -ura, -urum, adj, (satis),

well filled, full.

173

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

saturitas, -atis,/ (sator), fiillness,

repletion.
sazuniy -i, n.y stone, rock.
Boapnlaey -anim,///»r., the shotil-

der-blades.
aoeleton*. -i, n. {Gruk word),

skeleton.
Bceptrum, -i, m., a staff, sceptre.
s<»Uoet, ach. (know, it is per-

mitted), evidently, forsooth.
soindo» scidi, scissnm, 3 v,a.y to

cut, tear, break asunder.
scintillo, -avi, iv.n, (scintilla,/.,

spark), to gleam, flash.
BOiOy -ivi or -ii, -Ttnm, 4 v.a., to

know, miderstand.
sciolllSf -i, m. (scio), a smatterer,

novice.
sciscitor, -atns, i v. a. dep. - scio),

to ask, inquire.
scppnluSy -i, m., a rock, cliff.
screOy I v.n.^ to hem, cough.
scribo, -psi, -ptum, 3 v.a.^ to

scratch, write, draw.
soriptitOy -avi, -atum, i v. a.freq.,

to write often.
sculpOy-psi, -ptum, 3 «^. a., to carve.
scsrphus» -i, m. {Greek)^ a cup,

goblet.
se-cedo, -cessi, -cessum, 3 v. »., to

withdraw, retire.
sector» -atus, i v. a. freq. dep.

(sequor), to run after, pursue.
secum» V. cum.

secundus, -a, -um,fld5^'., following.
secus {comp. secius, also sequius,

{perh.f^rom seco), adv. andprep.,

otherwise, differently ; with negat.^

not otherwise; often with ac or

quam.
sed (set), conf.y but.
sedeOy sedi, sessum, 2 v. n.^ to sit.
sedes, -is, /. (sedeo), a seat, chair,

habitation, abode.
BecUle, -is, »., a seat, bench, stool,

chair.
sedulo, ado., pcrseveringly, con-

stantly.
seges, -etis,/, a comfield, crop.

se-ligo» -legi, -lectum, 3 r.a., to

select, choose.
sella» -ae,/^im., aseat, chair,stool.
semely eidv. num. {root sem, one ;

cf. Eng. same), once.
semesus (semiesus, Vtrgif), -a,

-um, ad/. (semi edo), half-eaten.
semi-cruduSy -a, -um, adj.y half-

raw.
semi-rutuSy -a, -um, adf.y half-

ruined.
semita» -ae, /, a narrow way, a

footpath.
semi-ustiQOy -atnm {only in part.

perf. and gerundive)y 1 v. a., to

half bum.
semi-ustus (semustns), -a, -nm,

adf., half-buraed.
semper, adv.y ever, always.
senator, -oris, »*., a senator.
senatoiius, -a, -um, cuif. (senator),

pertaining to a senator, senatorial.
senecta, -ae,/, old age.
senectus, -utis,/, old age.
seneschiUlus*, -i, m., a seneschal.
senesoOf -nui, 3 v. n. incep, (senex),

to grow old.
senex, senis, cuif. {comp. senior),

old, aged {cf. Keitic seann, old).
senium,-ii, »., the feebleness of age,

decline, decay.
sensus, -us, m., sense, meaning.
sententiay -ae, /, a way of think-

iiig» opinion ; ex mea sententia, or

simplyy ex sententia, to one*s mind

or liking.
sentiOy -si, -sum, 4 v.o., to feel,

hear, see, observe.
seorsum, adv.y separately.
sepelio» -ivi or -ii, -pultum, 4 v. a.,

to bury.
sepes (saep.), -is,/, a hedge, fence.
seplasiarius (Seplasia, a street in

ancient Capua, a town in Cam-

pania), -a, -um, cuif.y perfnmed.
septennis, -e, cuif. (septem annus),

of seven years.
septentrio, -onis, v. septentriones.
septentridneS|-um, ///./////'. , seven

VOCABULARY

173

sUrs near the north pole belonging

to the constellation called the

Wain, or the Great Bcar {fllso,

seven stars of the constellation of

the Little Bear); the northern

regions, the north.
Beptimftnus» -a, -um, adj.^ per-

taining to the nnmber seven.
Beptimiy-i, n. (sepes), an inclosnre.
sera» -ae,/. , a bar for fastening door s.
BerioUB»-a,-nm, a^'., silken; sttbst,

sericum, -i, »., silk.
serieB, -em, -e, /, a snccession,

series.
Beria, -orum, «. pl, serious matters.
sermOy -onis, m.^ conversation,

language.
Bermeoin&tio» -5nis,/. (sermo), a

conversation, disputation {rare\
sero, adv, , late, too late.
serpena, -entis, tn, (serpo), a snake,

serpent.
serpo, -psi, -ptum, 3 v, «., to creep,

crawl.
serus, -a, -um, adj. (Fr. soir), late,

too late.
serva» -ae, / (servus, m. form),

a female slave.
servio, -ivi or -ii, -itum, 4 v. n.

(servus), to be a servant or slave ;

zuith dat, ; wtth kindred acc, servi-

tutem.
servltlum,-ii,/i,, slavery,servitude.
sessiliB, -e, cutj., fit for sitting upon.
setlger (saet.), -era, -erum, adj.

(seta gero), having coarse hair or

bristles, bristly.
seztftrius, -ii, m. (sextus), the sixth

part of a congius, about a pint.
sexuSt -us, m. {aiso seous, indecl.

».), a sex, male or female.
81, conj., if.

sibilo, I V. n. anda,, to hiss.
fUO, cuiv,, in this manner, so, thus.
Sioco, -avi, -atum, i v. a,y to dry

up, exhaust.
siooUB, -a, -um, adj., dry.
sioubi, adv.i if in any place, whcre-

soever.

sio-ut and sio-uti, adv., just as,

as.
signatura, -ae, /., a marking,

writing {rare),
signifioo, -avi, -atum, i v. a, (si-

gnum facio), to show by signs,

indicate.
signum, -i, n., a mark, token, sign.
silentium, -ii, m., stillness, silence.
sileo, -ui, 2 V. n. and a.y to keep

silence, to be silent respecting

{with acc).
silva, -ae,/., a wood, forest.
silvestris, -e, adj., growing wild.
simia, -^iQyf.i an ape.
similitudo, -inis,/. (similis), like-

ness, resemblance.
simplez,-icis, adj. {root sem, same),

once folded, simple, honest.
simplioitaSy -atis, /. (simplex),

simpleness, simplicity.
simui, adv,, at once, as soon as,
Jreq, with atque.
SID, conj,, if not, sin minus.
sinoerus, -a, -um, adj. {prob,from

root sem), whole, real, genuine.
singuIariSy -e, adj, (singulus),

solitary, singular, uni^ue.
singularitas*, -atis, singularity.
singruluSy -a, -um, num, distrib,,

one to each, each, every.
sinister, -tra, -trum, adj.y left, on

the left.
sinudsusy -a, -um, adj, (sinus),

winding.
sisto, stiti, statum, 3 v. a. attd n.,

to cause to stand, set, cause to

appear, stop.
sitioulosuSy -a, -um, adj, (sitis),

thirsty.
sltiensy -entis, part, (sitio), thirst-

ing, athirst ; with gen,
sitio, -Ivi or -ii, 4 v. n. anda. (sitis),

to thirst, be thirsty.
sitis» -is,/., thirst {onfy in sing,).
sitiuSy -a, -um, part, (sino), lying,

situate.
situs, -us, m,, situation.
uvOf seu, conj, (si ve), or if ; sivc

174

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

(seu) . , . sive (seu), be it that . , .

or that.
smegma*, -atis, n, {Greek), soap.
sdbriuB, -a, -um, adj.^ sober.
sooietas, -atis,/, fellowship.
sooiuSy -i, m., and sooia, -ae, /,

a companion.
BOdes lcontr, from si audes for

audies; lit. if you will hear me),

if you please.
Bol, solis, m.y the sun.
BOleOy -itus sum, 2 v. «., to be

accustomed.
eolivagUB, -a, -um, adj,y wander-

ing, alone, solitary.
BOllenniB (sollemnis, solennis, so-

lemnis), -e, adj. (annus), that takes

place every year, appointed , festi ve,

solemn.
BoUioituB (solicit.), -a, -um, adj.^

disturbed, uneasy.
BOlum, -i, «., lowest part of any-

thing, ground, earth, land, soil.
BOlum, adv.^t alone, only; solum-

modo, only.
BolUB, -a, -um, adj.^ alone, only.
BOlvo, solvi, solutum, 3 v. q., sol-

vere navem, ancoram, or simply

solvere (/«V. to unfasten the ship's

mooiings),to weighanchor, setsail.
BomniculdsuB,-a, -um, adj, (som-

nus, w., sleep), drowsy, sleepy.
sopor, -oris, w., a heavy sleep,

stupefaction.
sopdrifer, -era, -erum, adj, (sopor

fero), inducing sleep.
sordeo, 2 v, n. (sordes), to be dirty,

to be mean, held of no account.
Bordes, -is,/, uncleanness.
sordidus, -a, -um, adj, (sordeo),

dirty, unclean.
soreXy -icis, w., a mousc.
Bortior, -itus, 4 v, n, and a, dep,

(sors, sortis,/., the lot), to cast or

draw lots, obtain or receive by lot.
spargOf sparsi, sparsum, 3 v. a,,

to scatter, spread abroad, spread.
BparsuB, -a, -um, part. (spargo).
Bpecies, -ei,/., a look, appearance.

speotabilis, -e, adj, (spccto), that

may be seen, worth seeing.
speotaculum, i, /1., a show, sight.
spectator, -oris, /;;., beholder, ob-

server.
speotatrizy -icis,/, she that looks.
specto, -avi, -atum, 1 v, a,freq,^\.o

look at, look, face, lie, be situated

towards, regard, have regard to.
speoula, -ae, / (specio), a look-

out, watch-tower.
speoulum, -i, n. (specio, 3 v. a., to

look at), a looking glass, mirror.
sperno, sprevi, spretum, 3 v. a., to

contemn, reject, spum.
spes, spei,/, hope.
spiritus, -us, /«., a breath of air,

breeze, the breath, life.
spisBUS, -a, -um, adj,, dense,

crowded.
splen, -enis, m., the spleen.
splendeo, 2 v. »., to shine, glitter,

glisten. Heme adj, splendidus.
splendor, -oris, w., lustre, splen-

dour, magnificence.
spolio, -avi, -atum,i v, a., to strip.

rob.
spontaneus*, -a, -um, adf (spontc),

vohmtary {rare),
sponte, adi,, and spontis, gen.y of

a noun spons, of ivhich no other

cases occur\ sponte, gen. with a

pronom, adj. , of one's own accord,

e.g, mea sponte.
spumo, -avi, -atum, i v. n. and a.,

to foam, froth.
squaleo, -ui, 2 v. n. {adj. squalidus),

to be stiff or rough, be filthy.
stagnum, -i, w., a piece of stand-

ing water, a pool, swamp.
stamen, -inis, /;., the warp in the

loom, a thread.
Statim, adv, (sto),firmly, forthwith,

instantly.
statuo, -ui, -utum, 3 V, a. (status,

from sto), to cause to stand, settle,

appoint.
statura, -ae, /., height or size of

the body, stature.

VOCABULARY

175

BtatiiS» -3) -um, parU (sisto), Bxed,

appointed.
statUBy -us, m, (sto), a position,

constitntion.
Statutumy -i, ff., what is appointed.
sterilis, -e, adj,, unfruitfal, barren,

sterile.
Btemo, stravi, stratum, 3 v, a., to

spread out, strew, throw down.
Btipo, -avi, -atum, i z/. a., to press

together, fill with, crowd ^rthrong

around.
BtirpB, -pis, /, the trunk of plants,

stock, stem, family, lineage.
Bto, steti, statum, i v. »., to stand.
Btola, -ae,/, a gown or stole, worn

by th^.Ronian matrons.
BtolatUBy -a, -um, adj. (stola), wear-

ing a stola, ^ in petticoats '.
Btomaohor, -atus, i v, n. and a.

dep. (stomachus, m.y the gullet,

and then distaste), to fume, fret.
BtrageB, -is, /. (sterno), an over-

throw, camage.
Btragulus, -a, -nm, a^'.,thatserves

for spreading over ; subst. stragu-

lum, a covering, rug, a bed-cover-

ing.
Btr&tUB, -a, -um, part. (stemo).
Btrenue, adv., actively, strenuously.
BtrepituB, -us, m.y a clashing,

rustling, clattering.
Btndor, -5ris, m.^ any harsh or

grating sound.
BtndulUB, -a, -um, adj.^ rattling,

buzzing.
Btructlira, -ae, /, a fitting to-

gether, constraction.
Btruiz, -icis,/ (struo), a heap, pile.
Btruma, -ae, /., a scrofulous tu-

mour, struma.
Btruo, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., to arrange,

build, erect.
BtruthiooameluB, -i, m. {Grtek^

lit. camel-sparrow), an ostrich.
Btudeo, -ui, 2 v. a. attd w., to be

eager.
studioBe, adv,^ carefully.
BtudidsuBi -3, *um, adj* (studium,

»., zeal), anxious after, fond or

studious of.
stuItUB, -a, -um, adj., foolish, siliy.
Btupeo, -ui, 2 V. n. and a., to be

struck senseless; cut, to be aston-

ished or amazed at, acc.
stupidUB, -a, -um, adj, (stupeo),

strack senseless, duU, stupid.
Btupor, -Qris, ;/;., insensibility,

stupor.
BtumuB, -i, ///., a starling.
BUasiOy -dnis,/.(suadeo), a counsel-

ling, advice {rare).
Buave-olens, -entis, culj.i sweet-

smelling, fragrant.
BUb, prep. with acc, andabl., under,

below.
BubditUB, -a, -um, part. (subdo),

subject.
BUb-dOy -didi, -ditum, ^ v. «., to

bring under, subject.
Bub-duoo, -xi, -ctum, 3 z'. a., to

lift away, raise, steal.
Bub-igo, -egi, -actum, 3 v. a, (ago),

to bring or get under, subdue.
sub-indey adv.y just after, Ihere-

upon, from time to time.
Bub-irasoor, -atus, i v. n. dep,, to

be somewhat angry.
BUb-iioio, -ieci, -iectum, 3 v. a.

(iacio), to bring under, make

subject.
Bub-mergo (summ.), -si, -suni, 3

V. a, , to dip or plunge under, sink.
BUb-mitto(summ.), -mlsi,-missum,

3 V, a.y to let go or put under.
sub-olet, 2 V. n, impers., it emits

a smell; J^g, with dat, of pers.,

scent, perceive ; see note,
subpallidus, -a, -um, adj.^ slightly

pale.
sub-rideo (surr.), -si, 2 v, »., to

smile a little.
subsequens, -ntis, part, (sub-

sequor), following.
Bubtiliter, adv.^ finely, minutely,

subtly.
Bub-urb&nus, -a, -um, adj, (urbs),

suburban; snbst, suburLanum, -i,

176

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

n, (sc, praedinm), an estate near

the city.
Bub-urbiumy -ii, n,, a suburb.
8ub-verto (-vorto), -ti, -sum, 3

V. a.f to tum upside down, to upset.
8U(o)oineU89 -a, -um, adj. , of amber.
8uo-oumbo (subc), -cubui, cubi-

tum, 3 t^. »., to lay or put oneself

under, sink down, yield, succumb.
BUdOy -avi, -atum, i v, n, and a.,

to sweat, perspire.
Budor, -oris, m, (sudo), sweat, per-

spiration.
Buf-fSgo (subf.), -xi, -xum, 3 t/. a.,

to fasten or fix on.
8Uf-fio (subf.), -ivi or -ii, -Itum,

4 V. a., to fumigate.
^uiO&tUBy -us, m,, fumigating, fuml-

gation.
BUf-foco ^subf.), -avi, -atum, i v. a.

(fauces), to choke, strangle.
BUf-fodio (subf.), -fodi, -fossum,

3 V, a*, to dig or pierce undemeath.
Buffrftgium, -ii, » ., a voting-tablet,

a vote, suffrage.
suf-furor (subf.), i v, n. dep,, to

steal away, filch.
BuilluSy -a, -um, adj, (sus), pertain-

ing to swine.
Bum, fui, esse, v, sudst,, to be, exist.
Bummay -ae,/. (sc, res) (summus),

that which is highest, chief point,

substance.
BummuB, -a, -um, sup, adj., v,

superas.
Bumo» sumpsi, sumptum, 3 z'. <i.

{contr, of voXiAmOf from emo), to

take up, assume.
BumptUBy -us, /7/., expense, cost.
Bupellex» -lectilis, /., fumiture or

goods {pnly in sing,),
BUper, adv, and prep.^ above, on

the top.
Buperaedifioo, -avi, -atum, i v.a.,

to build upon.
BuperbuB, -a, -um, adj. (super),

haugh^, proud.
BuperoiUoBUB, -a, -um, adj.^ dis-

dainfnl.

Buper-oilium, -ii, #»., an eye-brow;

fig,y pride, sternness.
supernuuB, -a, -um, adj. (snper-

iluo), overflowing, unnecessary.
Buperinduoo, -duxi, -ere, 3 v. a.,

to draw over.
Buper-induo» -ui, -utum, 3 «/. «.,

to put on over.
Buper-iniicio, nopetf., -iectum, 3

V. a,, to throw on or above.
Bupemato» -avi, -are, 1 v, a. (no),

to swim upon.
BUpeme, adv,, from above, above,

upwards.
Bupero» -avi, -atum, i v, n, and a.,

to surmonnt, surpass.
BUperBtOB, -itis, adj. (snper, sto),

outUving, surviving.
BuperBtitidBUB, -a, -um, adj. (su-

perstitio,/.), superstitious.
Buper-Btmo, -xi, -ctum, 3 v, a., to

build upon or over.
BUper-Bum, -fui, -esse, irreg.v. w.,

to be left, remain, to be still alive.
supems» -a, -um, adj,\ comp. su-

perior; superl, supremus, summus

(super), above, upper; superior,

-us, higher, upper ; summus, high-

est, loftiest, the president of the

feast.
Buper-vivo, -xi, 3 v. n., to out-

live.
supmus» -a, -um, adj,, careless,

heedless.
Buppedito (subp.), -avi, ratum, i

V, n, anda.freq,, tobe at hand, be

in store ; fumish, afford, procure

in abundance.
Bup-petiae (subp.), •aram, / plu.

(suppeto), aid, assistance.
sup-peto, -Ivi or -ii, -Itum, 3 v, n,,

to be at hand or in store.
sup-pleo (subpl.), -evi, -etum, a

V. a, , to fill up, supply.
supplex (subpl.), -icis, adj.y

hnmble, submissive,
supplicium (subpl.), -ii, n, (sup-

plico), a sacrifice, punishment.
supplico (subpl.), -avi, -atum, i

VOCABULARY

177

V, n, (snpplex), to kneel down,

supplicate, worship.
8upi>08itioiu8 (subpos.) or -UUB,

-sty -nm, ad/, (suppono), not

genuine, false.
8upr&9 adv. and prep, (snperus),

on the upper side, the top, above.
8UTdeBCO, -escere, v, «., to be deaf.
8ardU8» -a, -nm, adj,^ deaf.
Burgo» surrexi, surrectum, 3 v, a,

and n, {contr,from snrrigo, from

sub rego), to rise, arise, to get

or stand up.
8urreptiOy -onis, /. {the act of),

stealing.
sur-ripio (subr.), -ripui, -reptum, 3

V, a. (rapio), to snatch or take

away secretly, steal.
8U89 suis, comm,, a swine, hog, pig,

boar.
8U8-oipio (succipio), -cepi» -cep*

tum, 3 V. a., to take up, to take

upon oneself.
8iU9peotu8, -a, -um, part, (sus-

picio), mistrusted, suspected.
8U8pendiuTn» -ii, n, (suspendo),

a hanging.
8U8-peiido, -di, -sum, 3 v,a.y to

hang np, hang.
8U8pen8iU9, -a, -um, part. (sus-

pendo), suspended.
8U-8pidL09 -spexi, -ctnm, 3 v, a,

and n, (sub specio), to look up,

look up at, suspect.
8UBpiciosu8, -a, -um, adj. (sus-

plcio,/., suspicion), suspicious.
8U8picor, -atus^ i v. a, dep, (sus-

plcio), suspect.
8U-8piro, -avi, -atum, i v, n, anda,

(sub spiro), to draw a deep breath,

sigh.
sutory -aris, m., cobbler.
8UU89 -a, «um, his own, her own,

its own.
syrteB» -ium,/, quicksands.

tabella, -ae, / dim. (tabnla), a
tablet, a writing-tablet ; tabellis
dignus, worthy of record.

tabema, -ae,/, a shop, tavem.
tabulfttUB» -a, -um, adj, (tabula),

boarded, floored; subst, tabula-

tum, -i, w., a flooring.
taceo» -cui, -citum, 2 v, n, and a.,

to be silent, pass over in silence.
tacitus, -a, -um, part, (taceo),

that does not speak, silent, still.
taeda (teda), -ae, /, a pitch-pine

torch.
taedium, -ii, n., weariness, irk-

someness, loathing.
t&liSy -e, adj.y such, of such a

kind.
talpa» -ae,/, a mole.
talparius» -a, -um, adj., for moles.
talu8, -i, m,, the ankle, an oblong

die.
taniy adv,, so, to such a high de-

gree, so very.
tam-diu, adv., so long.
tamen» conj.^ nevertheless, for all

that, yet, still.
tandem, adv, (tara attd the de-

monstr, suffix dem), at length, at

last, in the end, finally.
tautilluB, -a, -um, adj, dim. (tan-

tulus), so little, so small.
tantiim, adv., so much, so greatly ;

only, merely.
tantundem, tantidem, n, (tantus-

dem), just so much.
tantUB, -a, -um, cuij, (tam), so

great.
techna» -ae, / {orig, Greek), a

wile, trick, device.
teotUB» V, sartus.
tego, -xi, -ctum, 3 z'. a., to cover.
tegula, -ae,/ (tego), a tile.
temerariuBf -a, 'Vim,adJ. (temere),

rash, heedless, imprudent.
temere, cuiv., rashly, heedlessly,

indiscreetly.
temperieB» -ei, /. (tempero), a

mixture, temperature, temper.
tempestaB, -atis, / (tempus), a

time, season, storm.
tempeBtive, adv., seasonably, op-

portunely.

178

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

tempestivuB, -a, -nm, adj, (tem-

pestas)) seasonable, opportone.
tempuSy -oris, n. (root tem, * cut '),

a portion or period oftime^ time,

fitting time, plu. (Jessfreq, sing.),

the temples ofthe head{prop, the

right place, the fatal spot) ; in

tempus, for a time.
tendo» tetendi, tentum and tensum,

jt V. a. and «., to stretch, to

direct oneself or one's course.
tenebrae, -arum,/!//»., darkness.
teneo, tenui, tentum, 2 v. a. and

n.y to hold; secundas (partes)

tenere, to take the second place.
tener, -era, -erum, adf., soft, deli-

cate ; a teneris, from childhood.
tenor, -oris, m. (teneo), a conrse,

career, tenor.
tento {also tempto), -avi, -atum,

I V. a.freq.j to handle, touch, try.
tenuis, -e, adj'., thin, poor.
tenus,/r^. with ad/., reaching to,

as far as ; gen. after its ftoun.
tepeOy 2 V. n.y to be moderately

warm, lukewarm.
ter, adv, num, (tres), three times.
tergum, -i (also tergus, -oris), «.,

the back.
terminuSy -i, m., a boundary, end.
tero, trivi, trltum, ^ v. a. {root of

Eng, drill), to rub, rub, wear

ovX\fig,oftime, spend.
terrenus, -a, -um, adj, (terra),

made of earth.
terreOy -ui, -itum, 2 v, a., to alarm,

terrify.
testiSf -is, comm., a witness.
testudOf -inis,/ (testa,/., a tile or

shell), a tortoise.
teter (taeter), -tra, -trum, adj., foul,

noisome.
tetrious, -a, -um, adj, (teter),

harsh, gloomy, sour.
theoBip-^eff^Greek, cf. bibliotheca),

an envelope, case.
thesaurus, A,m.{^ Greek), a hoard,

treasure.
tibioen» -inis, m, (tibia, a flute,

andoxxiCi), a flute-player; also a

kind of pillar^r prop ofa building.
timeo, -ui, 2 v. a. and n., to fear,

be afraid of, to dread.
tingo (tinguo), -nxi, -nctum, ^v.a.,

to dye, colour.
tintinnftbulum, -i, n. (tintinno,
^i v.n.fto ring), a bell.
tiro, -onis, m., a newly-levied sol-

dier, recruit, beginner.
titulus, -i, m., a label, title, title

of honour.
tollo» suatuli, sublatum, 3 v. a.,

to lift up, take away, remove,

take off, kill, destroy.
tondeo» totondi, tonsum, 2 v, a.,

to shear, clip, crop.
tono, -ui, I V. n. and a., to thnnder.
tonsor, -oris, m., a barber.
tonsus, -a, -Viia,part, (tondeo).
torqu&tUB, -a, -nm, adj', (torques),

adomed with a collar.
torqueo» torsi, tortnm, 2 v. a., to

turn, twist, bend.
torquis or torques, -is, m, attdf

(torqueo), a twisted neck-chain,

coUar.
torrenSy -entis, m., a torrent.
torridus» -a, -um, adj'. (torreo, 2

V. a., to roast), parched.
torvus, -a, -um, ad;'., wild, fierce ;

adv. torve.
tot, numer. indecL, so many.
totidem, numer. indecL, just so

many, just as many.
toties, adv. numer. (tot), so often.
totus, -a, -um, adj., the whole,

entire.
trabs, trabis,/, a beam, timber.
tracto, -avi, -atum, i v. a. freq.,

to drag about, handle, treat.
tractus, -us, m,, a drawing, terri-

tory, district, region.
tragelaphus, -i, m. {Greek, *goat-

stag ') a stag with a beard like a

goat.
traho, -xi, -ctnm, 3 v. a., to drag,

drag along.
tra-iicio (transiicio), -ieci, -iectum,

VOCABULARY

179

3 V, a. and m, (iacio), to throw

ncross, cross, pass over.
tTBiTia, prep. with acc., across, over.
trans-eOf -ii^ -itum, 4 v, n. attd a.,

to go over or across.
tranB-freto, -avi, -atum, i v. n.

anda. (fretmn), to cross a strait,

pass over the sea.
tranB-igOy -egi, -actnm, 3 v. a.

(ago); to drive through, finish,
, pass.
transversiis (triiversns), -a, -um,

part, (transverto), lying across,

crosswise ; transverse, obliquely.
tremo, -ni, 3 v, n. and a., to quiver,

tremble.
tremuluSy -a, -nm, ad/., shaking,

trembling.
tribuOy -ui, -vitum, ^v.a.j to assign,

impart, show, pay, render, assign,

divide.
tri-dens, -entis, aifj\, having three

teeth ; sudsf., a trident.
triduum, -ii, n. (tres dies), the

space of three days.
trienSy -entis, m. (tres), a third of

a sextarius.
triplex, -icis, ac^'. (ter plico, i v.a,,

to fold), three-fold, triple.
tripudio, i v, n. (tres attd pes), to

beat the ground, dance.
triquetruSy -a, -um, ad/. (tres and

quattnor), having three coniers,

triangnlar.
trivium, -i, n. (ter via), a place

where three roads meet, a cross-

road, the pnblic street.
troohisous, -i, pt, dim., a little

hoop, a little ball.
troohus» -i, m., a hoop.
truoidOy -avi, -atnm, i v. a. (irux,

fierce, and caedo), to slaughter,

butcher.
truoulentuSy -a, -nm, adj, (trux),

savage.
tueor, tuitus, 2 v. a. dep., to gaze

at, watch, defend.
tugurium, -ii, n. (tego), a hnt;

dim. tuguriolum.

tum, cuiv. andconj., then, at this or

that time ; tum . . . tum, first . . .

then, both . . . and; cum . . .

tum, both . . . and especialiy.
tumiiluSy -i, m. (tnmeo), a heap

of earth, grave.
tuno, adv. (tum with ihe emphatic

suffix ce), at the very time.
turdus» -i, m,, a thmsh.
turgidulus, -a, -um, adj, dim.

(turgidns, swoUen) , swoUen.
turris, -is,/., a tower.
turritUBf -a, -nm, adj. (turris),

turreted, castellated.
tUB (thns), turis, n., incense.
tutela» -ae, /. (tueor), a watching,

care of.
tutuSy -a, -nm, part, (tueo and

tueor), safe, secure.
tuuSy -a, '-tim^pron, adj. (tu), thy,

thine, your.
typuB, -i, m, {Greek, hence Eng.

type), a figure, image.
typograpma» -ae, /. (typus and

graphein, to write), printing.
tyrannuBy -i, m. {Greek), a severe

or illegal ruler, tyrant.

tiber, -eris, n., a teat, a breast that

gives suck.
ubery -eris, adj. (uber, subst.), rich,

lull. ^
ubertim, adv., plentifully.
ubi, adv., where, when.
ubilibet = anywhere yon please.
ubi-que, adv., everywhere.
ulciscor, ultus, 3 v. a. dep., to
_ take reyenge for, to avenge.
uligo» -inis, /, moisture, marshy

quality of the earth; adj., uli-

ginosns, -a, -nm.
ullUB, -a, -um, adj. dim. {contr. of

VLnxAxxsfrom unns), any, any one.
ulna, -ae,/, the elbow, an ell.
ultra, adv. andprep. with acc, be-

yond, farther, more.
ultro, adv., to the farther side, of

one's own accord, withont being

N 2

i8o

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

asked {this sign, is tUrived from

the idca ofaddiii^m or surptus\
nltroneaa^ -a, -am, adj.y Tolim-

taiy.
ultns, -A, -am, part. (nldscor).
vltilo, -avi, -atwn, i v. n. and a.,

to howl, jeU.
nmbiliciuif 4, m., tbe oaTel,

middle, oentre.
timbra» -ae,/, a sbade, shadow.
'Q.nAy adv.y at the same time, to-

gether.
unda» -ae,/, a wave.
tinde^ adv., whence.
undl q iia q iie, adu., on erery side.
Iindiqne, adv., from ererj qnaiter.
imgnentum, -i, »., an nngnent,

perfnme.
unguiSf -is, m., a nail, claw, talon.
fkniTer8U8y -a, -nm, adj. (nnns

yerto), all together ; in nniversnm,

as a whole, in general.
finuSy -a, -nm, num., card., one ;

unns qnisqne, each one.
urbiouSf -a, -nm, adj. (nrbs), per-

taining to the city.
urbSf nrbis,/., a city.
urbeoula, -ae,/., a little city.
urgeOf nrsi, 2 z/. a., to impel, urge.
ursay -ae,/ (ursus), a bear, ingen.
urmiSy -i, fv., a bear.
flffit&tiui» -a, *um, part. (Qsns),

usual, customary, common.
utplamy adv.f anywhere.
usquey adv., all the way, right on ;

with prepositions, usque ad, con-

stantly ; usque dum, until.
tlsurpo» -avi, -atum, i v, a. (usus,

rapio), to make use of, practise.
tUtUiy -us, m.t a using or making

use of, use, service; usui or ex

usu esse, to be of use i^r benefit,

serviceable.
Ut or uti, adv, and conj.y how, so

that, in order that, as.
(iter, -tris, m.| a ikin /orwine, oii,

&c.
Uter-que,utraque, utrumque, pron.,

both the one and the other, both.

xsSa^v. nf.

utilie, -e, adj.y nsefol, scrvioeablc.

utor, nsos» 3 9. dep,^ to nse^ make

oseol
utrazioe^ -ii, m. (nter), of skins.
Utnmiy ado.j introduces the first

clause efa disjunctioe interroga-

tion {direct or indirecf), and cor"
_ responds to an, wfaethcr, or.
uva, -ac, /, a bnnch or dnster of

grapes.
uxor, -dris,/, a wifc.

vacea, -ae,/, a cow.
vaoo,-avi,-atnm, i v. n., tobc empty,

to bc free to attend, Tuith dat. ;

impersonal, there is timc, room,

or leisnre for; dat. qf person.
vaouus, -a, -nm, adf (vaco),

empty, withont money.
vagor, -atus, i v. n. dep. (vagus),

to ramble, wander.
vagUB, -a, -nm, adf, roving, wan-

dering.
vah, inierf., an exclamation of

asionishment,jqy, anger, 6fc.
vale-dioo, 3 v. n., to say farewell,

bid adien, with dat.
valeo, -ni, -itum, a v. «., to be

strong, bid one good-bye, fare-

well, adien, be of the valne of, be

worth.
valide, adv., strongly, stoutly.
validus, -a, -um, adj, (v^eo),

stont, poweriul.
vallis, -is,/, a valley.
valltmi, -i, n. (vallus), rampart
vai>or, -dris, m.^ steam, exhala-

tion. •
vapulo, -avj, I V. «., to be flogged ;

vapula, you be hanged !
vario, -avi, -atum, \ v.a. and n,^

to be various or difTerent.
varius, -a, -nm, ad/.y variegated,

diverse.
vaSy vasis, plur. vasa, -orum, 1»., a

vessel, diA.
v&tioinium, -ii, n. (vates, m., a

prophct), a prediction, prophecy.

VOCABULARY

i8i

veotigal, -alis, n. (vectus, from

vcho, 3 z/., to carry), a toll, tax,

impost.
vel, conj,, either . . . or, or even,

even.
velamen, -inis, n. (velum, asail or

sheet), a cover, covering.
vellOy vnlsi, vulsum, 3 v, a,, to

pluck, tear out.
veldoitas, -atis, /. (velox, -ocis,

adj.f swift), swifhiess, rapidity.
vSnAtious, -a, -um, adj, (venor),

pertaining to hunting ; v. canis, a

honnd.
ven&tio, -onis,/. (venor), hunting,

the chase.
venditio, -onis, / (vendo), a sell-

ing, sale.
vendito, -avi, -atum, i v, a./reg.,

to try to sell, cry up, maintain.
vendo, -didi, -ditum, 3 z;. ^z. , to put

for sale, sell.
venenmn, -i, »., a potion, dmg,

poison.
veneo, -ivi or -ii, -itum, 4 v. n,

(venum eo), to go for sale, i, e,

to be sold.
veneror, -atus, i v, a, cUp., to wor-

ship.
venia» -ae, /, grace, favour, per-

mission.
venio, veni, ventum, 4 ». «., to

come.
venter,-tris, m.,the belly, stomach.
ventulus, -i, m, dim, (ventus, »».,

wind), a slight wind, breeze.
ver, veris, «., the spring.
verber, -eris, 1»., a lash, stroke,

blow.
verbero, -avi, -atum, i v, a., to

lash, beat.
verbum, -i, n., a word.
vereor, -itus, 2 v. a, and n, dep.y to

fear or be afraid.
vermioulua, -i, m, dim. (vermis),

a little worm, grub.
vermis, -is, //1., a worm.
vema, -ae, comm.y a slave bom in

his master's house, slave.

vemUB, -a, -um,ad^'. (ver), pertain-

ing to spring, spring- ; v, tempus.
vero, adv.y in truth, in fact, cer-

tainly.
verro, verri, versuro, 3 v, a,, to

sweep, brush, scour.
versatills, -e, adj., that turns

around, revolving.
versor, -atus, i v, n, cUp., to tum

oneself about in, be in aplacc.
versus (vors.), cuiv. and prep,,

tnmed in the direction of, to-

wards ; usu. after a word denoting

place,
vertez, -icis, /«., a whirlpool, vor-

tex, the head.
veru, -us, n., a spit, broach.
verum, adv., traly, but even, but.
vems, -a, -um, adj.^ trae, real,

actual, genuine.
vesoor, 3 v. n. dep., to take food,

feed, eat ; with abl,
vesper, -eris and -eri, »1., the even-

ing, eve.
vespera, -ae,/, the evening.
vespillo, -onis, m, dim^ a corpse-

bearer.
vester (vost.), -tra, Aramy prottom.

adj. (vos), your.
vestibulum, -i, »., an entrance.
vestigium, -ii, n, a step, foot-

print, trace.
vestimentum, -i, n, (vestio), cloth-

ing, a garment.
veatiLo, -Ivi or -ii, -itum, 4 v, a.

(vestis), to dress, clothe.
vestifl, -is,/, clothing, attire.
vetemuB, -a, -um, cuij. (vetus);

subst» vetemus, -i, m,, lethiargy.
veto, -ui, -itum, i v, a,, to prohibit,

hinder.
vetus, -eris, ad/,, aged, old.
vetustas, -atis, / (vetus), long

existence, antiquity.
vezillum, -i, »., a banner, flag.
vi&tor, -oris, m,, a wayfaier,

traveller, sununoner.
vioftriufl, -a, -um, euif,, vicarious.

in place of, a substitute.

l82

MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

vioinis» -ae, /., neighbourhood,

neighbours.
idoimtlUiy -atis,/., nearness, prox-

imity.
viointta, -a, -um, adj. (vicus)

neighbouring ; subst. vicinus, -i,

//!., <tff//vicina, -ae,/., a neighbour.
vioifl. vicem, vice ; plur, vices {nom*

and acc.) and vicibus {dat. and

abl.\ f., change, interchange; in

vicem, by turas.
vioissimy adv., again, in tum.
vioissitudo, -inis, /, vicissitude

{rare).
viotito, I V. a.freq. (vivo), to live,

subsist on, abl.
viotrix, -icis,/ (vinco), a conquer-

ess.
vioulus» -i, m. dim, (vicus), a little

village, hamlet.
vicuB» 4, m.j a street, village.
video» vidi, visum, 2 z/. a., to see;

pass. to seem, appear; esp. to seem

proper, right or good.
viJIa, -ae, /, a country honse,

village *.
villdBUB» -a, -um, adj. (villus),

shaggy, rough.
villUB» -i, m., a tuft of hair.
vimineuSy -a, -um, adj. (vimen),

made of osiers.
vinoiOy vinxi, vinctum, 4 v. a., to

bind, fetter.
vinoo, vici, victum, 3 v. a,, to con-

quer, overcome, vanquish, prevail.
vinoulum {contr. vinclum), -i, «.,

a bond, cord, fetter.
vindioo, -avi, -atum, iv.a., to lay

claim to as one*s own ; in liber-

tatem vindicare, to set free.
vindiota, -ae,/. (vindico), the rod

with which a slave was freed;

vengeance, revenge.
idnea, -ae,/ (vinum), a vineyard.
violentia, -ae, /. (violentus), vio-

lence, ferocity.
violentuSy -a, -um, adj., violent.
violo, -avi, -atum, i v.a., to injure,

to do violence to, break.

vir, viri, m,, a man ; esp. a man cu

distinguished froni a woman.
virftgo» -inis,/., a female warrior,

virago.
viresoo, 3 v. n. incep,, to grow

green, shoot forth.
virg^tum, -i, «., a bush.
virgimoula» -ae, / dim, (virgo,

-inis, /., a maid), a young girl.
virilis, -e, adj, (vir), pertaining to

a man, masculine.
virtus, -iitis, / (vir), manliness,

virtue.
vis, vis, /, force, vigour, power,

quantity, number, magna vis auri ;

vires, strength.
visoidus (viscnm), -a, -um, adj.y

sticky ; cf viscosus, -a, -um.
visoum, -i, «., the mistletoe, bird-

lime madefrom the berries of the

mistletoe,
visous, -eris, n., the internal organs,

inmost part.
visendus, -a, -um, part, (viso),

worthy of being seen, remarkable.
viso, -si, -sum, 3 v. a.freq. (video),

_to vicw, behold, survey.
vita, -ae,/ (vivo,,^ victa), life.
vitis, -is,/, a vine, grape-vine.
vitreus; -a, -um, adj, (vitrum), of

glass, glass-.
vitulinus, -a, -um, cuij. (vitulus),

of a calf.
vitulus, -i, m., and vitula, -ae,

/., a calf.
viv&rium, -ii, n. (vivus), an in-

closure in which game, fish, &c.,

are kept alive.
vivus, -a, -um, adj. (vivo), alive,

living.
vix, adv. , hardly, scarcely ; strength -

ened with dum, scarceiy yet.
vixdum, adv,, v. vix.
vooo, -avi, -atum, i v. a. and n.

Cvox\ to call, name.
vol&tus, -us, m., a flying, flight.
volo, volui, velle, irreg. and defect.

V. n. and a., to be willing, to

wish ; with dat. of person, attd

VOCABULARY

183

adv., to wish one (well or ill), tibi

bene volo.
volumeiiy-inis, M.,a roll of writing,

book, volume.
vomito» -are {freq. of vomo), v. ».,

to vomit much.
vomo, -ui, -itum, 3 v. n. and a,, to

throw up, vomit.
voraXy -acis, a^'., swallowing

greedily,devouring; «z^fz^.voraciter.
voro, -avi, -atum, i v, a, and n,,

to eat greedily, devour.
votum, -i, «. (voveo, to vow, 2 v,),

a solenm promise made to some

deity, a vow.
voz, voci8,y;, a voice, sound^ word,

saying.
vulg&ri8 (volg.), -€, adj. (vulgus,

-i, «., common people), general,

usual, common.
valgd,ad^.,in the multitude, before

everybody, generally.
vulnuB (voln.), -cris, «., a wound,

cut.
vulpes (volpes), -is,/., a fox.
vultur (volt), -uris, m., a vulture.
vultuv (volt.), -us, m,, an expres-

sion of countenance.

xenodochiumy -i, n. {Gk, xenos,
stranger, and doch-, to receive),
an inn.

zelotjrpia, -ae, /. (Greek), jeal-

ousy.
zdna, -ae,/. {Greek), a belt, girdle.

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Bacchae. By G. M. Gwyther, M.A., Plymoiith CoUege.

Hecuba. By Rev. A. W. Upcott, M.A., Head Master of Chiisfs

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CAESAR'S SEVENTH CAMPAIQN IN GAUL, b.c. 52. De Bello
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